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Demetrius Vikelas | A Wisdom Archive on Demetrius Vikelas | | Demetrius Vikelas A selection of articles related to Demetrius Vikelas | |
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Demetrius Vikelas
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Demetrius Vikelas | | | |  Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic MovementA number of organisations are involved in organising the Olympic Games. Together they form the Olympic Movement. The rules and guidelines by which these organisations operate are outlined in the Olympic Charter.
At the heart of the Olympic Movement is the International Olympic Committee (IOC), currently headed by Jacques Rogge. It can be seen as the government of the Olympics, as it takes care of the daily problems and makes all important decisions, such as choosing the host cit ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Use of Podiums, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic Movement |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medalists For all events held at the Olympic Games, a classification is made up. The athletes (or teams) who place first, second, or third receive medals. The winners receive what are called "gold medals". (Though they used to indeed be of solid gold, they are now actually gilted silver, making the description somewhat inaccurate.) The runners-up receive silver medals, and the third-place athletes bronze medals. In some events contested by a single-elimination tournament (most notably boxing), third place might not be determined, in which case both se ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Use of Podiums, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medalists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medalists |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic sports At the 2004 Olympics, events were held in 28 sports categories, per IOC count. If each sport such as aquatics was counted separately, there were 37. Nine sports were on the original Olympic program in 1896: athletics (track and field), cycling, fencing, gymnastics, weightlifting, shooting, swimming, and wrestling. If the 1896 rowing events had not been cancelled due to bad weather, they would have been included in this list as well.
At the most recent Winter Olympics, seven sports were conducted, or 15 if each sport such as skiing and ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Use of Podiums, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medalists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic sports |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic symbols The Olympic movement uses many symbols, most of them representing Coubertin's ideas and ideals. The best known symbol is probably that of the Olympic Rings. These five intertwined rings represent the unity of five continents. They appear in five colours on a white field on the Olympic Flag. These colours, white (for the field), red, blue, green, yellow, and black were chosen such that each nation had at least one of these colours in its national flag. The flag was adopted in 1914, but the first Games at which it was flown were Antwerp, 1920. ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic symbols |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Nations The concept of national teams was not a major part of the Olympic movement until the Intercalated Games ten years later, though many sources list the nationality of competitors in 1896 and give medal counts.
Most sources list 13 competing nations as follows:
Australia - Despite Australia still being part of the United Kingdom, the results of Teddy Flack are typically given with him listed as Australian.
Austria - Austria was part of Austria-Hungary at the time, though the results of Austrian athletes are typicall ...
See also:1896 Summer Olympics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Election as host city, 1896 Summer Olympics - Organization, 1896 Summer Olympics - Opening ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Sport by sport overview, 1896 Summer Olympics - Athletics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Cycling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Fencing, 1896 Summer Olympics - Gymnastics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Shooting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Swimming, 1896 Summer Olympics - Tennis, 1896 Summer Olympics - Weightlifting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Wrestling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Closing ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Nations, 1896 Summer Olympics - Entered nations that did not compete, 1896 Summer Olympics - Medal count, 1896 Summer Olympics - Female competitors, 1896 Summer Olympics - Notes Read more here: » 1896 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Nations |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Medal count Currently, many media sources publish medal counts for the Olympic Games. This was not the case in 1896, but many sources have tallied the 1896 medals to be able to compare the 1896 edition with later Games. These statistics should be used with care, however.
It should be noted, first, that no gold medals were awarded at all, and the third place finishers did not receive any prize in Athens. Secondly, national teams as we know now hardly existed. Greece and Hungary had held selection matches, but most other athletes represented their ...
See also:1896 Summer Olympics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Election as host city, 1896 Summer Olympics - Organization, 1896 Summer Olympics - Opening ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Sport by sport overview, 1896 Summer Olympics - Athletics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Cycling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Fencing, 1896 Summer Olympics - Gymnastics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Shooting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Swimming, 1896 Summer Olympics - Tennis, 1896 Summer Olympics - Weightlifting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Wrestling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Closing ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Nations, 1896 Summer Olympics - Entered nations that did not compete, 1896 Summer Olympics - Medal count, 1896 Summer Olympics - Female competitors, 1896 Summer Olympics - Notes Read more here: » 1896 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Medal count |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - 1908 - Births
1908 - January.
January 8 - William Hartnell, British actor (d. 1975)
January 9 - Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist writer (d. 1986)
January 12 - Jean Delannoy, French film director
January 14 - Russ Columbo, singer, bandleader, and composer (d. 1934)
January 15 - Edward Teller, Hungarian-born physicist (d. 2003)
January 22 - Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
January 26 - Stéphane Grappelli, French jazz violinist and composer (d. 1997)
January 27 - Oran "Hot Lips" Page, American ...
See also:1908, 1908 - Events, 1908 - January-February, 1908 - April-June, 1908 - July-December, 1908 - unknown dates, 1908 - Births, 1908 - January, 1908 - February, 1908 - March, 1908 - April, 1908 - May, 1908 - June-July, 1908 - August-September, 1908 - October-December, 1908 - Unknown date, 1908 - Deaths, 1908 - Marriages, 1908 - Nobel Prizes Read more here: » 1908: Encyclopedia II - 1908 - Births |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Closing ceremony On the morning of Sunday 12 April, King George organized a banquet for officials and athletes (even though some competitions were not to be held). During his speech, he made clear that, as far as he was concerned, the Olympic should be held in Athens permanently.
The official closing ceremony was held the following Wednesday, being postponed from Tuesday due to rain. Again the royal family attended the ceremony, which was opened by the national anthem of Greece and an ode composed and cit ...
See also:1896 Summer Olympics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Election as host city, 1896 Summer Olympics - Organization, 1896 Summer Olympics - Opening ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Sport by sport overview, 1896 Summer Olympics - Athletics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Cycling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Fencing, 1896 Summer Olympics - Gymnastics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Shooting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Swimming, 1896 Summer Olympics - Tennis, 1896 Summer Olympics - Weightlifting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Wrestling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Closing ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Nations, 1896 Summer Olympics - Entered nations that did not compete, 1896 Summer Olympics - Medal count, 1896 Summer Olympics - Female competitors, 1896 Summer Olympics - Notes Read more here: » 1896 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Closing ceremony |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Opening ceremony On 6 April, the Games of the First Olympiad were officially opened. It was Easter Monday for the Eastern Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant churches, and was also the anniversary of the outbreak of the war for Greek independence.
The Panathenaic stadium was filled, with an estimated 80,000 spectators including King George I of Greece, his wife Olga, and their sons. Most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organizing committee, Crown Prince Constantine, his fat ...
See also:1896 Summer Olympics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Election as host city, 1896 Summer Olympics - Organization, 1896 Summer Olympics - Opening ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Sport by sport overview, 1896 Summer Olympics - Athletics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Cycling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Fencing, 1896 Summer Olympics - Gymnastics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Shooting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Swimming, 1896 Summer Olympics - Tennis, 1896 Summer Olympics - Weightlifting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Wrestling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Closing ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Nations, 1896 Summer Olympics - Entered nations that did not compete, 1896 Summer Olympics - Medal count, 1896 Summer Olympics - Female competitors, 1896 Summer Olympics - Notes Read more here: » 1896 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Opening ceremony |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Election as host city During the 19th century, several minor sports festivals named after the Ancient Olympic Games were held in a few European countries. Pierre de Coubertin also had the idea to revive the Olympics, but as an international and multi-sport event. He presented his ideas at a 1894 congress held in the Sorbonne, Paris, with delegates from sports societies of 11 countries present.
After it had been decided to revive the Olympics, a host city for these first Olympics had to be selected. De Coubertin's idea was to hold these concurrently with th ...
See also:1896 Summer Olympics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Election as host city, 1896 Summer Olympics - Organization, 1896 Summer Olympics - Opening ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Sport by sport overview, 1896 Summer Olympics - Athletics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Cycling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Fencing, 1896 Summer Olympics - Gymnastics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Shooting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Swimming, 1896 Summer Olympics - Tennis, 1896 Summer Olympics - Weightlifting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Wrestling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Closing ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Nations, 1896 Summer Olympics - Entered nations that did not compete, 1896 Summer Olympics - Medal count, 1896 Summer Olympics - Female competitors, 1896 Summer Olympics - Notes Read more here: » 1896 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Election as host city |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Organization The news that the Olympic Games would return to Greece was received favourably by the Greek public and media. However, the country was in financial troubles and was politically unstable, the job of prime minister alternating between Charilaos Trikoupis and Theodoros Deligiannis at a high frequency. In late 1894 the organizing committee, headed by Etienne Skouloudis, presented a report that the cost of the Games would be three times higher than originally estimated by De Coubertin. They concluded the Ga ...
See also:1896 Summer Olympics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Election as host city, 1896 Summer Olympics - Organization, 1896 Summer Olympics - Opening ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Sport by sport overview, 1896 Summer Olympics - Athletics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Cycling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Fencing, 1896 Summer Olympics - Gymnastics, 1896 Summer Olympics - Shooting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Swimming, 1896 Summer Olympics - Tennis, 1896 Summer Olympics - Weightlifting, 1896 Summer Olympics - Wrestling, 1896 Summer Olympics - Closing ceremony, 1896 Summer Olympics - Nations, 1896 Summer Olympics - Entered nations that did not compete, 1896 Summer Olympics - Medal count, 1896 Summer Olympics - Female competitors, 1896 Summer Olympics - Notes Read more here: » 1896 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia II - 1896 Summer Olympics - Organization |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics The origin of the ancient Olympic Games has been lost, although there are many legends surrounding its origins. One of these legends associates the first Games with the ancient Greek concept of εκεχειρία (ekecheiria) or Olympic Truce. The first recorded celebration of the Games in Olympia was in 776 BC, although this was certainly not the first time they were held.
From then on, the Games slowly became more important throughout ancient Greece, reaching their zenith in the sixth and fifth centuries BC. The Olympics were ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games The Olympic Games did not die in 393. Already in the 17th century a sports festival, the "Olympick Games" was held in England. Over the next few centuries, similar events were organised in France and Greece, but these were all small-scale and certainly not international. The interest in reviving the Olympics grew when the ruins of ancient Olympia were uncovered by German archaeologists in the mid-19th century.
At the same time, Baron de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympics, searched for a reason for the French defeat in the Franc ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists For all events held at the Olympic Games, a classification is made up. The athletes (or teams) who place first, second, or third receive medals. The winners receive what are called "gold medals". (Though they used to indeed be of solid gold, they are now actually gilted silver, making the description somewhat inaccurate.) The runners-up receive silver medals, and the third-place athletes bronze medals. In some events contested by a single-elimination tournament (most notably boxing), third place might not be determined, in which case both se ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics The origin of the ancient Olympic Games has been lost, although there are many legends surrounding its origins. One of these legends associates the first Games with the ancient Greek concept of εκεχειρία (ekecheiria) or Olympic Truce. The first recorded celebration of the Games held in a sacred valley, approximately five hundred kilometers southwest of Mount Olympus, was in 776 BC, although this was certainly not the first time they were held.
From then on, the Games slowly became much more important throughout ancient ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Use of Podiums, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medalists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Doping One of the major problems facing the Olympics (and international sports in general) is doping, or performance enhancing drugs. In the early 20th century, many Olympic athletes used drugs to enhance their performance. For example, the winner of the marathon at the 1904 Games, Thomas Hicks, was given strychnine and brandy by his coach, even during the race.
As these methods became more extreme, gradually the awareness grew that this was no longer a matter of health through sports. The first and only olympic death caused by doping occurr ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Doping |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic sports At the 2004 Olympics, events were held in 28 sports categories, per IOC count. If each sport such as aquatics was counted separately, there were 37. Nine sports were on the original Olympic program in 1896: athletics (track and field), cycling, fencing, gymnastics, weightlifting, shooting, swimming, and wrestling. If the 1896 rowing events had not been cancelled due to bad weather, they would have been included in this list as well.
At the most recent Winter Olympics, seven sports were conducted, or 15 if each sport such as skiing and ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic sports |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic Movement A number of organizations are involved in organizing the Olympic Games. Together they form the Olympic Movement. The rules and guidelines by which these organizations operate are outlined in the Olympic Charter.
At the heart of the Olympic Movement is the International Olympic Committee (IOC), currently headed by Jacques Rogge. It can be seen as the government of the Olympics, as it takes care of the daily problems and makes all important decisions, such as choosing the host c ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medallists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Olympic Movement |
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| | | | | Demetrius Vikelas: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games The Olympic Games did not permanently die out in 393. It was revived in 1896. Already in the 17th century a sports festival, the "Olympick Games" was held in England. Over the next few centuries, similar events were organised in France and Greece, but these were all small-scale and certainly not international. The interest in reviving the Olympics grew when the ruins of ancient Olympia were uncovered by German archaeologists in the mid-19th century.
At the same time, Baron de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympics, searched for a r ...
See also:Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Games - Modern Olympics, Olympic Games - Growth, Olympic Games - Membership, Olympic Games - Political interference, Olympic Games - Olympic Movement, Olympic Games - Criticism, Olympic Games - Use of Podiums, Olympic Games - Olympic symbols, Olympic Games - Opening ceremonies, Olympic Games - Olympic sports, Olympic Games - Amateurism and professionalism, Olympic Games - Doping, Olympic Games - Olympic champions and medalists, Olympic Games - Locations of Modern Olympic Games Read more here: » Olympic Games: Encyclopedia II - Olympic Games - Revival of the Olympic Games |
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