The company started as a division of the agricultural machine business, Food Machinery Corporation (FMC), when they won a US government contract to build LVTs and became a weapon manufacturer during World War II. FMC later spun the defense business off as its own company. In September 2000, UDI purchased Bofors Weapon Systems AB of Sweden, subsequently renamed Bofors Defence. UDI was subject to a takeover bid by rival General Dynamics in 1997 but instead chose a (lower) bid from private equity firm The Carlyle Group. The Carlyle Group floated the company in 2001 but retained a share of the company. United ...

See also:

United Defense, United Defense - History, United Defense - BAE Systems acquisition, United Defense - Products

Read more here: » United Defense: Encyclopedia II - United Defense - History

The expression is derived from the 1979 trial of Dan White, a San Francisco, California (U.S.) City Supervisor who fatally shot Mayor George Moscone and fellow City Supervisor Harvey Milk on November 27, 1978. During the trial, a noted psychiatrist, Martin Blinder, testified that White had been depressed at the time of the crime, successfully arguing for a ruling of diminished responsibility. As part of this testimony, Dr. Blinder cited White's uncharacteristic eating of Twinkies and drinking of Coca-Cola (White was well known as a fi ...

See also:

Twinkie defense, Twinkie defense - Origins, Twinkie defense - References in popular culture

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Those found to have been not guilty by reason of insanity are generally then required to undergo psychiatric treatment; except in the case of temporary insanity (see below). Defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity are generally placed in a mental institution. Unlike defendants who are found guilty of a crime, they are not institutionalized for a fixed period, but rather they are held within the institution until authorities determine that they are no longer a threat. Authorities making this decision tend to be cautious; as a ...

See also:

Insanity defense, Insanity defense - Psychiatric treatment, Insanity defense - Psychosis and schizophrenia, Insanity defense - Incompetency intoxication and mental illness, Insanity defense - History of the insanity defense, Insanity defense - Controversy over the insanity defense, Insanity defense - Rules of appreciation, Insanity defense - The M'Naghten Rules, Insanity defense - The irresistible impulse, Insanity defense - The Durham rule, Insanity defense - The Insanity Defense Reform Act US, Insanity defense - The Substantial Capacity Test, Insanity defense - The Brawner rule, Insanity defense - Temporary insanity

Read more here: » Insanity defense: Encyclopedia II - Insanity defense - Psychiatric treatment

Walls and fortified wall structures were built in the modern era, too. They did not, however have the original purpose of being a structure able to resist a prolonged siege or bombardment. The Berlin's city wall from the 1730s to the 1860s was partially made of wood. Its primary purpose was to enable the city to impose tolls on goods and, secondarily, also served to prevent the desertion of soldiers from the garrison in Berlin. The Berlin wall was a different form of wall, in that it did not primarily serve the purpose of prote ...

See also:

Defensive wall, Defensive wall - History, Defensive wall - Composition, Defensive wall - Decline, Defensive wall - Modern Era, Defensive wall - Africa, Defensive wall - Austria, Defensive wall - Azerbaijan, Defensive wall - Canada, Defensive wall - China, Defensive wall - Croatia, Defensive wall - France, Defensive wall - Germany, Defensive wall - Greece, Defensive wall - Hungary, Defensive wall - Israel, Defensive wall - Ireland, Defensive wall - Middle East, Defensive wall - Morocco and Western Sahara, Defensive wall - the Netherlands, Defensive wall - Philippines, Defensive wall - Poland, Defensive wall - Spain, Defensive wall - Sweden, Defensive wall - Turkey, Defensive wall - United Kingdom, Defensive wall - United States

Read more here: » Defensive wall: Encyclopedia II - Defensive wall - Modern Era

As you might expect, the DOD has standards about the format of standards: MIL-STD-961E, Defense and Program-Unique Specifications Format and Content, 1 August 2003, Dept. of Defense MIL-STD-962D, Defense Standards Format and Content, 1 August 2003, Dept. of Defense ...

See also:

Defense Standard, Defense Standard - Definitions of military standards specifications and handbooks, Defense Standard - Formats, Defense Standard - Origins of military standards

Read more here: » Defense Standard: Encyclopedia II - Defense Standard - Formats

The term Chewbacca Defense was first used in the South Park episode "Chef Aid", which premiered on October 7, 1998 as the fourteenth episode of the second season. In the episode, Chef discovers that Alanis Morissette's hit song "Stinky Britches" is the same as a song he wrote years ago, before abandoning his musical aspirations. Chef contacts a "major record company" executive, seeking only to have his name credited as the composer of "Stinky Britches." Chef's claim is substantiated by a twenty-yea ...

See also:

Chewbacca Defense, Chewbacca Defense - Origin, Chewbacca Defense - Usage, Chewbacca Defense - External link

Read more here: » Chewbacca Defense: Encyclopedia II - Chewbacca Defense - Origin

Some various threats to civilians and civilian life are nuclear, biological, chemical, information warfare (cyberattacks), etc. Each needs to be looked at and studied so that preventative measures can be built into civilian life. Civil defense - Conventional. This would be conventional explosives. Blast sheltering against nuclear blast would pretty much protect against conventional explosives, but not vice versa. Civil defense - Nuclear. The biggest threats from a nuclear attack are effects from blast, fires and radiation. There is also the possibility ...

See also:

Civil defense, Civil defense - Importance, Civil defense - Threat Assessment, Civil defense - Conventional, Civil defense - Nuclear, Civil defense - Biological, Civil defense - Chemical, Civil defense - Information Warfare, Civil defense - Other, Civil defense - Stages, Civil defense - Mitigation, Civil defense - Preparation, Civil defense - Response, Civil defense - Recovery, Civil defense - Implementation, Civil defense - History, Civil defense - Note

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With almost eight years of prior service in the Pentagon, Brown was the first scientist to become secretary of defense. Brown involved himself in practically all areas of departmental activity. Consistent with the Carter administration's objective to reorganize the federal government, Brown launched a comprehensive review of defense organization that eventually brought significant change. But he understood the limits to effective reform. In one of his first speeches after leaving office, "'Managing' the Defense Department-Why It ...

See also:

Harold Brown Secretary of Defense, Harold Brown Secretary of Defense - Early life and career, Harold Brown Secretary of Defense - Secretary of Defense, Harold Brown Secretary of Defense - Later life

Read more here: » Harold Brown Secretary of Defense: Encyclopedia II - Harold Brown Secretary of Defense - Secretary of Defense

Civil defense - Mitigation. Mitigation is the process of actively preventing the war or the release of nuclear weapons. It includes policy analysis, diplomacy, political measures, and more military responses such as a National Missile Defense and air defense artillery. In the case of counter-terrorism, mitigation would include intelligence gathering and direct action against terrorist groups. Mitigation may also be reflected in long-term planning such as the design of the interstate highway system and the placement of military bases further away from populated areas. See also:

Civil defense, Civil defense - Importance, Civil defense - Threat Assessment, Civil defense - Conventional, Civil defense - Nuclear, Civil defense - Biological, Civil defense - Chemical, Civil defense - Information Warfare, Civil defense - Other, Civil defense - Stages, Civil defense - Mitigation, Civil defense - Preparation, Civil defense - Response, Civil defense - Recovery, Civil defense - Implementation, Civil defense - History

Read more here: » Civil defense: Encyclopedia II - Civil defense - Stages

Civil defense - Mitigation. Mitigation is the process of actively preventing the war or the release of nuclear weapons. It includes policy analysis, diplomacy, political measures, and more military responses such as a National Missile Defense and air defense artillery. In the case of counter-terrorism, mitigation would include intelligence gathering and direct action against terrorist groups. Mitigation may also be reflected in long-term planning such as the design of the interstate highway system and the placement of military bases further away from populated areas. See also:

Civil defense, Civil defense - Importance, Civil defense - Threat Assessment, Civil defense - Conventional, Civil defense - Nuclear, Civil defense - Biological, Civil defense - Chemical, Civil defense - Information Warfare, Civil defense - Other, Civil defense - Stages, Civil defense - Mitigation, Civil defense - Preparation, Civil defense - Response, Civil defense - Recovery, Civil defense - Implementation, Civil defense - History, Civil defense - Note

Read more here: » Civil defense: Encyclopedia II - Civil defense - Stages

Some various threats to civilians and civilian life are nuclear, biological, chemical, information warfare (cyberattacks), etc. Each needs to be looked at and studied so that preventative measures can be built into civilian life. Civil defense - Conventional. This would be conventional explosives. Blast sheltering against nuclear blast would pretty much protect against conventional explosives, but not vice versa. Civil defense - Nuclear. The biggest threats from a nuclear attack are effects from blast, fires and radiation. There is also the possibility ...

See also:

Civil defense, Civil defense - Importance, Civil defense - Threat Assessment, Civil defense - Conventional, Civil defense - Nuclear, Civil defense - Biological, Civil defense - Chemical, Civil defense - Information Warfare, Civil defense - Other, Civil defense - Stages, Civil defense - Mitigation, Civil defense - Preparation, Civil defense - Response, Civil defense - Recovery, Civil defense - Implementation, Civil defense - History

Read more here: » Civil defense: Encyclopedia II - Civil defense - Threat Assessment

A Department of Defense (DoD) Directive in 1949 stated that, "Each Military Service is individually responsible for its own Attache System, including coordination with the State Department." From July 1951 to March 1952 the Secretary of Defense, at Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) urging, established a limited Executive Agent System in support of attache operations. This set the precedent for DIA assuming these responsibilities later on. The DoD's Office of Special Operations (OSO) negotiated with the Department of State for opening the th ...

See also:

Defense Attaché System, Defense Attaché System - History, Defense Attaché System - Chronology

Read more here: » Defense Attaché System: Encyclopedia II - Defense Attaché System - History

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

Defense Logistics Agency - Origins of DLA. The origins of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) date back to World War II when America’s huge military buildup required the rapid procurement of vast amounts of munitions and supplies. During the war, the military services began to coordinate more extensively when it came to procurement, particularly procurement of petroleum products, medical supplies, clothing, and other commodities. The main offices of the Army and Navy for each commodity were collocated. After the ...

See also:

Defense Logistics Agency, Defense Logistics Agency - History, Defense Logistics Agency - Origins of DLA, Defense Logistics Agency - Early History 1941-1961, Defense Logistics Agency - Defense Supply Agency 1961-1977, Defense Logistics Agency - Defense Logistics Agency 1977-1990, Defense Logistics Agency - Reorganizing for the 1990s, Defense Logistics Agency - Organization

Read more here: » Defense Logistics Agency: Encyclopedia II - Defense Logistics Agency - History

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

In criminal law these defences can be grouped into 4 categories: Actual innocence; Excuses and Justifications; Procedural defences, and the so-called "Innovative defences." With the exception of actual innocence and automatism, these defences do not argue that the defendant did not commit an actus reus ([[Latin for "guilty act" but the term includes both acts and omissions) which broke the law; but rather, that the defendant should not be held culpable for what occurred. Note that there is also defense against an attacker, see s ...

See also:

Defense legal, Defense legal - Criminal law defences, Defense legal - Civil law defences, Defense legal - Defence against an attacker

Read more here: » Defense legal: Encyclopedia II - Defense legal - Criminal law defences

Black faces three major problems in many variations of the Queen's Gambit Declined (QGD). Development of the Black queen bishop is difficult, as it is often blocked by ...e6. The pawn structure offers White targets, especially the possibility of a minority attack on the queenside in the Exchange variation of the QGD. White often plays Bg5 to pin the black king knight on f6 against the bla ...

See also:

Slav Defense, Slav Defense - General considerations, Slav Defense - Main variations

Read more here: » Slav Defense: Encyclopedia II - Slav Defense - General considerations

Some information partially adapted from the DotA Allstars site introduction/FAQ (written by 28awg) Defense of the Ancients: Allstars is based on the concept of Aeon of Strife which originated from Starcraft, by Blizzard Entertainment. One of the first AoS style maps in Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos was done by a map maker named Eul. However, after the release of Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, Eul did not port the game into the new expansion set. In time, several spin-offs of DotA started circulating on Battle.net (the o ...

See also:

Defense of the Ancients: Allstars, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - History, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Development, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 5.84+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 6+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 6.20+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - 6.30+ and Beyond in development, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Current player trends, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Terminology, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Commands and Modes, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Hero Classifications, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Miscellaneous, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Actions, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Verbal Acknowledgements, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - For consecutive kills, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - For special events, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allusions

Read more here: » Defense of the Ancients: Allstars: Encyclopedia II - Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - History

Players of DotA Allstars (and DotA in general) have developed a list of jargon and terminology that is frequently used during in-game chat sessions and inter-player communication. For DotA terminology (in general), please refer to DotA Jargon. Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Commands and Modes. The following is a list of Dota Allstars commands (adapted from dotaportal.com). These commands are usually typed by the host during the first 45 seconds of each game and is often ...

See also:

Defense of the Ancients: Allstars, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - History, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Development, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 5.84+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 6+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 6.20+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - 6.30+ and Beyond in development, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Current player trends, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Terminology, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Commands and Modes, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Hero Classifications, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Miscellaneous, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Actions, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Verbal Acknowledgements, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - For consecutive kills, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - For special events, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allusions

Read more here: » Defense of the Ancients: Allstars: Encyclopedia II - Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Terminology

Defense of the Ancients: Allstars is based on the concept of Aeon of Strife which originated from Starcraft, by Blizzard Entertainment, and is the first of its kind to introduce custom skills. One of the first AoS style maps in Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos was done by a map maker named Eul. However, after the release of Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, Eul did not port the game into the new expansion set. In time, several spin-offs of DotA started circulating on Battle.net (the official multiplayer gaming server network for Warcraft I ...

See also:

Defense of the Ancients: Allstars, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - History, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Development, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 5.84+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 6+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 6.20+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - 6.30+ and Beyond in development, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Current player trends, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Terminology, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Commands and Modes, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Hero Classifications, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Nouns and Miscellaneous Terms, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Actions, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Verbal Acknowledgements, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - For consecutive kills, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - For special events, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allusions

Read more here: » Defense of the Ancients: Allstars: Encyclopedia II - Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - History

Players of DotA Allstars (and DotA in general) have developed a list of jargon and terminology that is frequently used during in-game chat sessions and inter-player communication. For DotA terminology (in general), please refer to DotA Jargon. Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Commands and Modes. The following is a list of Dota Allstars commands (adapted from dotaportal.com). These commands are usually typed by the host during the first 45 seconds of each game and is often ...

See also:

Defense of the Ancients: Allstars, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - History, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Development, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 5.84+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 6+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - The 6.20+ Series, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - 6.30+ and Beyond in development, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Current player trends, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Terminology, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Commands and Modes, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allstars Hero Classifications, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Nouns and Miscellaneous Terms, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Actions, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Verbal Acknowledgements, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - For consecutive kills, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - For special events, Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Allusions

Read more here: » Defense of the Ancients: Allstars: Encyclopedia II - Defense of the Ancients: Allstars - Terminology

The Defense Support Program replaced the 1960s space-based infrared Missile Defense Alarm System (MiDAS). The first successful launch of MiDAS was May 24, 1960 and there were twelve launches before the DSP program replaced it in 1966. The first launch of a DSP satellite was on 6 November 1970, since when it has become the mainstay of the United States ballistic missile early warning system. For the last 30-odd years they have provided an uninterrupted space-based early warning capability. The original DSP satellite weighed 2,000 pound ...

See also:

Defense Support Program, Defense Support Program - History, Defense Support Program - General characteristics, Defense Support Program - Source:

Read more here: » Defense Support Program: Encyclopedia II - Defense Support Program - History