The fish of the deep sea are among the most elusive and unusual looking creatures on earth. Since many of these fish live in regions where there is no natural illumination, they cannot rely solely on their eyesight for locating prey, mates and avoiding predators; deep sea fish have evolved appropriately to the extreme sub-photic region in which they live. Many deep sea fish are bioluminescent, with extremely large eyes adapted to the dark, and they can have long feelers to help them locate prey or attract mates in the pitch dark of the deep ...

See also:

Deep sea fish, Deep sea fish - Environment, Deep sea fish - Characteristics, Deep sea fish - Endangered Species, Deep sea fish - References and links

Read more here: » Deep sea fish: Encyclopedia II - Deep sea fish - Characteristics

See also:

Marine biology, Marine biology - Overview, Marine biology - Subfields, Marine biology - Related fields, Marine biology - Lifeforms, Marine biology - Microscopic life, Marine biology - Plant life, Marine biology - Other sea life, Marine biology - Fish, Marine biology - Marine mammals, Marine biology - Reefs, Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches, Marine biology - How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms, Marine biology - Famous marine biologists

Read more here: » Marine biology: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches

The ocean is deep, very deep in some places. The deepest recorded measure to date is the Mariana Trench, near the Philippines, in the Pacific Ocean at 10924 m (35838 ft). At such depths, water pressure is extreme and there is no sunlight, but some life still exists. Small flounder (family Soleidae) fish and shrimp were seen by the American crew of the bathyscaphe Trieste when it dove to the bottom in 1960. Other notable deeps include Monterey Canyon, in the eastern Pacific, the Tonga Trench in the southwest at 10,882 m (35,702 ...

See also:

Marine biology, Marine biology - Overview, Marine biology - Subfields, Marine biology - Related fields, Marine biology - Lifeforms, Marine biology - Microscopic life, Marine biology - Plant life, Marine biology - Other sea life, Marine biology - Fish, Marine biology - Marine mammals, Marine biology - Reefs, Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches, Marine biology - How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms, Marine biology - Famous marine biologists

Read more here: » Marine biology: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches

The Cookiecutter shark (also known as the Cigar shark or Luminous shark) is a small rarely-seen shark which often glows green and grows up to 50 cm (20 in) long. It has been found at depths of about 6,000 m (3,300 ft) below the surface of the ocean. The Cookiecutter shark derived its name from its habit of removing small circular chunks of flesh from whales and large fish. It is hypothesized that the shark seizes its much larger prey with its jaws, t ...

Read more here: » Cookiecutter shark: Encyclopedia - Cookiecutter shark

Conodonta Hyperoartia Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Pteraspidomorphi (early jawless fish) Thelodonti Anaspida Cephalaspidomorphi (early jawless fish) Galeaspida Pituriaspida Osteostraci Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Placodermi Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodii Osteichthyes (bony fish) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
Including:

• Fish - Fish ecology
• Fish - Note on usage: fish vs. fishes
• Fish - Fish as food

Read more here: » Fish: Encyclopedia - Fish

Anglerfish is the common name for the 200+ species that comprise the bony fish order Lophiiformes. They are for the most part deep-water fishes, although there are some anglerfish families that have shallow-water representatives, and one family, the frogfishes (family Antennariidae), occurs only in shallow water. Examples of other anglerfish families that have some shallow water species are the monkfish or goosefish, (family Lophiidae) and the batfishes (Family Ogcocephalidae). These families also have deep water representatives. The ...

Including:

• Anglerfish - Predation
• Anglerfish - Reproduction

Read more here: » Anglerfish: Encyclopedia - Anglerfish

Vibrio fischeri is a rod-shaped bacterium found globally in the marine environments. It has bioluminescent properties, and is found predominately in symbiosis with various marine animals, such as the Bobtail squid. It is heterotrophic and moves by means of flagella. Free living vibrios survive on decaying organic matter (see saprophyte). The bacterium is a key research organism for examination of microbial fluorescence and bacterial-animal symbiosis. Vibrio fischeri - Ecology. Planktonic V. fische ...

Including:

• Vibrio fischeri - Ecology
• Vibrio fischeri - Symbiotic relationship
• Vibrio fischeri - Bioluminescence
• Vibrio fischeri - Genetics of bioluminescence
• Vibrio fischeri - List of pseudonyms

Read more here: » Vibrio fischeri: Encyclopedia - Vibrio fischeri

The abyssal zone contains the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of oceans. This zone remains in perpetual darkness, at depths varying from 2,000 to 6,000 meters (6,560 to 19,680 feet). Its permanent inhabitants – for example, the Swallower fish, Tripod fish, Deep-sea angler, and the Deep-sea squid – are able to withstand the immense pressures of the ocean depths, up to 775 kilograms per square centimeter (five tons per square inch). The deep trenches or fissures that plunge down thousands of feet below the ocean floor

Read more here: » Abyssal zone: Encyclopedia - Abyssal zone

Bathylychnops Dolichopteryx Macropinna Opisthoproctus Rhynchohyalus Winteria Barreleyes, also known as spookfish (a name also applied several species of chimaera), are small, deep-sea, odd-looking osmeriform fish comprising the family Opisthoproctidae. Found in tropical-to-temperate waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, the family contains 11 spec ...

Including:

• Barreleye - Physical description
• Barreleye - Life history

Read more here: » Barreleye: Encyclopedia - Barreleye

Anda is an island-municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. The people of Anda generally speak Bolinao. The island is near the Hundred Islands, a popular tourist destination for its caves and beaches. The present mayor of the municipality is Nestor Pulido. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 32,833 people in 6,546 households. Anda Pangasinan - Economy. The town thrives on farming and deep-sea fishing. In the past, progress in the town was sluggish due to ...

Including:

• Anda Pangasinan - Economy
• Anda Pangasinan - Barangays

Read more here: » Anda Pangasinan: Encyclopedia - Anda Pangasinan

Fish can be found in almost all large bodies of water in salt or brackish or fresh water, at depths from just below the surface to several thousand meters. However, hyper-saline lakes like the Great Salt Lake do not support fishes. Some species of fish have been specially bred to be kept and displayed in an aquarium, and can survive in the home environment. Catching fish for the purpose of food or sport is known as fishing. The annual yield from all fisheries worldwide is about 100 million tonnes. Overfishing is a threat to many speci ...

See also:

Fish, Fish - Fish ecology, Fish - Note on usage: fish vs. fishes, Fish - Fish as food

Read more here: » Fish: Encyclopedia II - Fish - Fish ecology

Anglerfish are named for their characteristic method of predation, which involves the use of the modified first spine from the first or spinous dorsal fin. This spine (the illicium) protrudes above the fish's eyes, with a fleshy growth (the esca) at the tip of the spine (the netdevil anglerfish has similar growths protruding from its chin as well). This growth can be wiggled so as to resemble a prey animal, and thus to act as bait to lure other predators close enough for the anglerfish to devour them whole. To accomplish this, the anglerfish ...

See also:

Anglerfish, Anglerfish - Predation, Anglerfish - Reproduction

Read more here: » Anglerfish: Encyclopedia II - Anglerfish - Predation

Lanternfish are well-known for their diel vertical migrations: During daylight hours most species remain within the gloomy bathypelagic zone, between 300–1,200 metres depth; but towards sundown the fish begin to rise upwards into the epipelagic zone, between 10—100 metres depth. The lanternfish are thought to do this in order to avoid predation, and because they are following the diel vertical migrations of zooplankton upon which the lanternfish feed. After a night spent feeding in the surface layers of the water column, the lanternfish ...

See also:

Lanternfish, Lanternfish - Physical description, Lanternfish - Ecology, Lanternfish - Reproduction

Read more here: » Lanternfish: Encyclopedia II - Lanternfish - Ecology

Myctophid morphology is typified by a slender, compressed body covered in small, silvery deciduous cycloid scales (ctenoid in four species), a large bluntly rounded head, large elliptical to round lateral eyes (dorsolateral in Protomyctophum species), and a large terminal mouth with jaws closely set with rows of small teeth. The fins are generally small, with a single high dorsal fin, an adipose fin, and an anal fin—supprted by a cartilaginous plate at its base—originating under or slightly behind the posterior end of the dorsal f ...

See also:

Lanternfish, Lanternfish - Physical description, Lanternfish - Ecology, Lanternfish - Reproduction

Read more here: » Lanternfish: Encyclopedia II - Lanternfish - Physical description

All lanternfish are non-guarding pelagic spawners: That is, they release eggs and milt en masse into the water column, where fertilization takes place. The tiny eggs (0.70–0.90 millimetres in diameter, with a segmented yolk) are made buoyant by lipid droplets; the eggs, and later the hatched larvae (~2.0 millimetres), drift at the mercy of the currents until they have developed. Spawning may continue year-round in some species, but there is a pe ...

See also:

Lanternfish, Lanternfish - Physical description, Lanternfish - Ecology, Lanternfish - Reproduction

Read more here: » Lanternfish: Encyclopedia II - Lanternfish - Reproduction

Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic including plankton, as small as 0.02 micrometers, and phytoplankton, both hugely important as the primary producers of the sea, to the huge cetaceans (or whales) which reach up to a reported 33 meters (109 feet) in length. The habitats studied by marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the abyssal trenches, sometimes 10,000 met ...

See also:

Marine biology, Marine biology - Overview, Marine biology - Subfields, Marine biology - Related fields, Marine biology - Lifeforms, Marine biology - Microscopic life, Marine biology - Plant life, Marine biology - Other sea life, Marine biology - Fish, Marine biology - Marine mammals, Marine biology - Reefs, Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches, Marine biology - How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms, Marine biology - Famous marine biologists

Read more here: » Marine biology: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Overview

The marine ecosystem is large, and thus there are many subfields of marine biology. Most involve studying specializations of particular species. Other subfields study the physical effects of continual immersion in sea water and the ocean in general, adaptation to a salty environment, and the affects of changing various oceanic properties on marine life. A subfield of marine biology studies the relationships between oceans and ocean life, and global weather and environmental i ...

See also:

Marine biology, Marine biology - Overview, Marine biology - Subfields, Marine biology - Related fields, Marine biology - Lifeforms, Marine biology - Microscopic life, Marine biology - Plant life, Marine biology - Other sea life, Marine biology - Fish, Marine biology - Marine mammals, Marine biology - Reefs, Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches, Marine biology - How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms, Marine biology - Famous marine biologists

Read more here: » Marine biology: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Subfields

Marine biology covers a great deal, from the microscopic, including plankton and phytoplankton, which can be as small as 0.02 micrometers and are both hugely important as the primary producers of the sea, to the huge cetaceans (whales) which reach up to a reported 33 meters (109 feet) in length. The habitats studied by marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the abyssal trenches, som ...

See also:

Marine biology, Marine biology - Overview, Marine biology - Subfields, Marine biology - Related fields, Marine biology - Lifeforms, Marine biology - Microscopic life, Marine biology - Plant life, Marine biology - Other sea life, Marine biology - Fish, Marine biology - Marine mammals, Marine biology - Reefs, Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches, Marine biology - How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms, Marine biology - Famous marine biologists

Read more here: » Marine biology: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Overview

Marine biology - Microscopic life. Microscopic life undersea is incredibly varied and still poorly understood. For example, at one end of the scale, the role of viruses in marine ecosystems is barely being explored even in the beginning of the 21st century. The role of phytoplankton is better understood due to their critical position as the most numerous primary producers on Earth. Phytoplankton are categorized into cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae/bacteria), various types of algae: red, green, ...

See also:

Marine biology, Marine biology - Overview, Marine biology - Subfields, Marine biology - Related fields, Marine biology - Lifeforms, Marine biology - Microscopic life, Marine biology - Plant life, Marine biology - Other sea life, Marine biology - Fish, Marine biology - Marine mammals, Marine biology - Reefs, Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches, Marine biology - How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms, Marine biology - Famous marine biologists

Read more here: » Marine biology: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Lifeforms

Reefs comprise some of the densest habitats in the world by number of species per area. They can be incredibly diverse, even cold water reefs. The best-known are tropical reefs which exist in most tropical waters. Reefs are built up by coral and other calcined deposits, usually on top of a rocky outcrop on the ocean floor. Reefs can also grow on other surfaces, which has made it possible to create artificial reefs. Much attention in marine biology is focused on coral reefs and the El Niño weather phenomenon. In 1998, coral reefs expe ...

See also:

Marine biology, Marine biology - Overview, Marine biology - Subfields, Marine biology - Related fields, Marine biology - Lifeforms, Marine biology - Microscopic life, Marine biology - Plant life, Marine biology - Other sea life, Marine biology - Fish, Marine biology - Marine mammals, Marine biology - Reefs, Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches, Marine biology - How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms, Marine biology - Famous marine biologists

Read more here: » Marine biology: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Reefs