December 31

At dawn on December 31, about 6 a.m., Confederate General William J. Hardee struck first, attacking the Union's right flank with the division of Maj. Gen. John P. McCown, before many in Union Brig. Gen. Richard W. Johnson's division had finished their breakfast. (This was the third major battle, after Fort Donelson and Shiloh, in which an early morning attack caught a Union army by surprise.) The 10,000 Confederates who massed on their left attacked like a "tidal wave". Due to McCook's deceptive campfires and the relative inexperience of Gen ...

See also:

Battle of Stones River, Battle of Stones River - Stones River Campaign, Battle of Stones River - Murfreesboro and plans for battle, Battle of Stones River - December 31, Battle of Stones River - January 1 to 3, Battle of Stones River - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Stones River: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Stones River - December 31

1990 (MCMXC) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. 1990 - Events. January 3 - Former leader of Panama Manuel Noriega surrenders to American forces. January 4 - over 300 people were killed in a train accident in Ghotki pakistan. January 7 - The Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public due to safety concerns. January 9 - Lt Gen Bazilio Olara Okello, the man who led the coup against Dr Apolo Milton Obote's governmen ...

Including:

• 1990 - Events
• 1990 - February
• 1990 - March
• 1990 - April
• 1990 - May
• 1990 - June
• 1990 - July
• 1990 - August
• 1990 - September
• 1990 - October
• 1990 - November
• 1990 - December
• 1990 - Births
• 1990 - Deaths
• 1990 - Nobel Prizes
• 1990 - Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
• 1990 - Fields Medalists
• 1990 - Templeton Prize
• 1990 - Right Livelihood Award
• 1990 - Uncertain dates

Read more here: » 1990: Encyclopedia - 1990

1993 (MCMXCIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). 1993 - Events. January 1 - Czechoslovakia divides. Establishment of independent Slovakia and Czech Republic. January 3 - In Moscow, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). January 5 - Washington State executes Westley Allan Do ...

Including:

• 1993 - Events
• 1993 - February
• 1993 - March
• 1993 - April
• 1993 - May
• 1993 - June
• 1993 - July
• 1993 - August
• 1993 - September
• 1993 - October
• 1993 - November
• 1993 - December
• 1993 - Unknown dates
• 1993 - Births
• 1993 - Deaths
• 1993 - February
• 1993 - March
• 1993 - April
• 1993 - May
• 1993 - June
• 1993 - July
• 1993 - August
• 1993 - September
• 1993 - October
• 1993 - November
• 1993 - December
• 1993 - Unknown dates
• 1993 - Nobel Prizes
• 1993 - Templeton Prize
• 1993 - Alternative

Read more here: » 1993: Encyclopedia - 1993

1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. 1931 - Events. January 4 - Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa January 6 - Thomas Edison submits his last patent application. January 22 - Sir Isaac Isaacs sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia January 25 - Mohandas Gandhi released again January 27 - Pierre Laval forms a government in France February 3 - Napier earthquake - mu ...

Including:

• 1931 - Events
• 1931 - April-August
• 1931 - September-December
• 1931 - Undated
• 1931 - Births
• 1931 - January
• 1931 - February-April
• 1931 - May-August
• 1931 - September-December
• 1931 - Month/day unknown
• 1931 - Deaths
• 1931 - Undated
• 1931 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1931: Encyclopedia - 1931

1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). 1928 - Events. January 6-7 - River Thames floods in London - 14 drowned January 7 - Moat at the Tower of London, previously drained in 1843, is completely refilled by a tidal wave January 12 - US murderer Ruth Snyder executed at Ossining January 17 - OGPU arrests Lev Trotsky in Moscow; he assumes a status of passive resistance and is exiled to Turk ...

Including:

• 1928 - Events
• 1928 - June-August
• 1928 - September-December
• 1928 - Unknown dates
• 1928 - Births
• 1928 - January
• 1928 - February
• 1928 - March-April
• 1928 - May-June
• 1928 - July-September
• 1928 - October-December
• 1928 - Unknown date
• 1928 - Deaths
• 1928 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1928: Encyclopedia - 1928

1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. It is equivalent to 2733 a.U.c., and to 1359 AH. 1980 - Events. January 1–April 1 - National steel strike in the United Kingdom. January 1 - Changes to the Swedish Act of Succession creates Victoria of Sweden, Crown Princess over her younger brother. January 4 - American president Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. January 5 - Hewlett-Packard ...

Including:

• 1980 - Events
• 1980 - February
• 1980 - March
• 1980 - April
• 1980 - May
• 1980 - June
• 1980 - July
• 1980 - August
• 1980 - September
• 1980 - October
• 1980 - November
• 1980 - December
• 1980 - Unknown dates
• 1980 - Births
• 1980 - January
• 1980 - February
• 1980 - March
• 1980 - April
• 1980 - May
• 1980 - June
• 1980 - July
• 1980 - August
• 1980 - September
• 1980 - October
• 1980 - November
• 1980 - December
• 1980 - Deaths
• 1980 - January
• 1980 - February
• 1980 - March
• 1980 - April
• 1980 - May
• 1980 - June
• 1980 - July
• 1980 - August
• 1980 - September
• 1980 - October
• 1980 - November
• 1980 - December
• 1980 - Unknown dates
• 1980 - Nobel Prizes
• 1980 - Templeton Prize

Read more here: » 1980: Encyclopedia - 1980

1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. 1983 - Events. January 2 - The musical Annie is performed for the last time after 2,377 shows (Uris Theatre on Broadway, New York City). January 8 - Riot in the Sing Sing prison January 10 - Mafia hitman Roy DeMeo is found dead in a trunk of his own car January 15 - Mafioso Meyer Lansky dies at Mount Sinai hospital January 19 - Klaus B ...

Including:

• 1983 - Events
• 1983 - February
• 1983 - March
• 1983 - April
• 1983 - May
• 1983 - June
• 1983 - July
• 1983 - August
• 1983 - September
• 1983 - October
• 1983 - November
• 1983 - December
• 1983 - Unknown dates
• 1983 - Births
• 1983 - January-March
• 1983 - April-June
• 1983 - July-September
• 1983 - October-December
• 1983 - Deaths
• 1983 - January-March
• 1983 - April-June
• 1983 - July-September
• 1983 - October-December
• 1983 - Nobel Prizes
• 1983 - Templeton Prize

Read more here: » 1983: Encyclopedia - 1983

1998 (MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. 1998 - Events. January 1998 - A massive ice storm, caused by El Niño, strikes New England, southern Ontario and Quebec, resulting in widespread power failures, severe damage to forests, and a number of deaths. January 1 - Smoking is banned in all California bars and restaurants. January 2 - Russia begins to circulate new rubl ...

Including:

• 1998 - Events
• 1998 - February
• 1998 - March
• 1998 - April
• 1998 - May
• 1998 - June
• 1998 - July
• 1998 - August
• 1998 - September
• 1998 - October
• 1998 - November
• 1998 - December
• 1998 - Unknown Dates
• 1998 - Births
• 1998 - Deaths
• 1998 - January-February
• 1998 - March-July
• 1998 - August-December
• 1998 - Unknown date
• 1998 - Nobel Prizes
• 1998 - Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
• 1998 - Fields Medalists
• 1998 - Templeton Prize

Read more here: » 1998: Encyclopedia - 1998

1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Saturday. 1972 - Events. International year of the book January 2 - The Pierre Hotel Heist - Six men rob the safety deposit boxes of the Pierre Hotel in New York City. Loot is at least $4 million. January 4 - Rose Heilbron becomes the first woman judge at the Old Bailey in London. January 5 - President of the United States Richard Nixon orders the development of a space sh ...

Including:

• 1972 - Events
• 1972 - February
• 1972 - March
• 1972 - April
• 1972 - May
• 1972 - June
• 1972 - July
• 1972 - August
• 1972 - September
• 1972 - October
• 1972 - November
• 1972 - December
• 1972 - Unknown dates
• 1972 - Births
• 1972 - January
• 1972 - February
• 1972 - March
• 1972 - April
• 1972 - May
• 1972 - June
• 1972 - July
• 1972 - August
• 1972 - September
• 1972 - October
• 1972 - November
• 1972 - December
• 1972 - Deaths
• 1972 - January
• 1972 - February
• 1972 - March
• 1972 - April
• 1972 - May
• 1972 - June
• 1972 - July
• 1972 - August
• 1972 - September
• 1972 - October
• 1972 - November
• 1972 - December
• 1972 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1972: Encyclopedia - 1972

The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as the saint's day of that saint. The system arose from the very early Christian custom of annual commemoration of martyrs on the date of their death. As the number of recognized saints increased during Late Antiquity and roughly the first half of the Middle Ages, eventually every day of the year had at least one saint who was commemorated on that ...

Including:

• Calendar of saints - January
• Calendar of saints - February
• Calendar of saints - March
• Calendar of saints - April
• Calendar of saints - May
• Calendar of saints - June
• Calendar of saints - July
• Calendar of saints - August
• Calendar of saints - September
• Calendar of saints - October
• Calendar of saints - November
• Calendar of saints - December

Read more here: » Calendar of saints: Encyclopedia - Calendar of saints

1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). 1978 - Events. January 1 - The Copyright Act of 1976 takes effect, making sweeping changes to United States copyright law. January 1 - Air India's Boeing 747 explodes near Bombay - 213 dead. January 4 - Referendum in Chile supports policies of Augusto Pinochet. January 6 - The Hungarian Holy Crown (also known as Stephen of Hungary Crown) returned to Hungary from the U ...

Including:

• 1978 - Events
• 1978 - February
• 1978 - March
• 1978 - April
• 1978 - May
• 1978 - June
• 1978 - July
• 1978 - August
• 1978 - September
• 1978 - October
• 1978 - November
• 1978 - December
• 1978 - Unknown dates
• 1978 - Births
• 1978 - January-May
• 1978 - June-September
• 1978 - October-December
• 1978 - Unknown dates
• 1978 - Deaths
• 1978 - January-June
• 1978 - July-December
• 1978 - Unknown dates
• 1978 - Nobel Prizes
• 1978 - Fields Medalists
• 1978 - Templeton Prize

Read more here: » 1978: Encyclopedia - 1978

1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). 1971 - Events. January 1 - British Divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements goes into effect in the United States. January 3 - BBC Open University begins in the United Kingdom Januar ...

Including:

• 1971 - Events
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - unknown dates
• 1971 - Births
• 1971 - January
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September-
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - Unknown date
• 1971 - Deaths
• 1971 - January
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1971: Encyclopedia - 1971

1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). 1944 - Events. January 4 - The Battle of Monte Cassino begins. January 5 - Murder of Danish playwright Kaj Munk. January 14 - The Soviet troops start the offensive at Leningrad and Novgorod. January 17 - British forces, in Italy, cross the Garigliano River. January 17 - Meat Rationing ends in Australia. January 20 - The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 to ...

Including:

• 1944 - Events
• 1944 - Other events
• 1944 - Unknown dates
• 1944 - Ongoing events
• 1944 - Births
• 1944 - January
• 1944 - February
• 1944 - March
• 1944 - April
• 1944 - May
• 1944 - June-October
• 1944 - November-December
• 1944 - Deaths
• 1944 - January-May
• 1944 - July-August
• 1944 - September-December
• 1944 - Date unknown
• 1944 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1944: Encyclopedia - 1944

1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). 1947 - Events. January 1 - British mines nationalized January 1 - Nigeria gains limited autonomy January 1 - The Canadian Citizenship Act went into effect January 3 - Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time January 10 - United Nations takes control of the free city of Trieste January 15 - Elizabeth Short (the "Black Dahlia") is ...

Including:

• 1947 - Events
• 1947 - February
• 1947 - March-May
• 1947 - June
• 1947 - July
• 1947 - August
• 1947 - September-October
• 1947 - November
• 1947 - December
• 1947 - Unknown dates
• 1947 - Births
• 1947 - January
• 1947 - February
• 1947 - March
• 1947 - April
• 1947 - May
• 1947 - June
• 1947 - July
• 1947 - August
• 1947 - September
• 1947 - October
• 1947 - November
• 1947 - December
• 1947 - Unknown date
• 1947 - Deaths
• 1947 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1947: Encyclopedia - 1947

1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. 1953 - Events. January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. January 12 - Estonian emigres find a government in exile in Oslo January 13 - Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugoslavia January 15 - Georg Dertinger, foreign minister of East Germany, is arrested for spying January 20 - Change of US presidency from Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) ...

Including:

• 1953 - Events
• 1953 - February
• 1953 - March
• 1953 - April
• 1953 - May
• 1953 - June
• 1953 - July
• 1953 - August
• 1953 - September
• 1953 - October
• 1953 - November
• 1953 - December
• 1953 - Births
• 1953 - January
• 1953 - February
• 1953 - March
• 1953 - April
• 1953 - May
• 1953 - June
• 1953 - July
• 1953 - August
• 1953 - October
• 1953 - November
• 1953 - December
• 1953 - Deaths
• 1953 - January—April
• 1953 - May—August
• 1953 - September—December
• 1953 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1953: Encyclopedia - 1953

1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. 1955 - Events. January 7 - Marian Anderson is the first African American singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. January 22 - Pentagon announces plan to develop ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles) armed with nuclear weapons 1955 - February. February 8 - Nikolai Bulganin becomes Soviet Premier. February 12 - US Pre ...

Including:

• 1955 - Events
• 1955 - February
• 1955 - March
• 1955 - April
• 1955 - May
• 1955 - June
• 1955 - July
• 1955 - August
• 1955 - September
• 1955 - October
• 1955 - November
• 1955 - December
• 1955 - Births
• 1955 - January
• 1955 - February
• 1955 - March
• 1955 - April
• 1955 - May
• 1955 - June
• 1955 - July
• 1955 - August
• 1955 - September
• 1955 - October
• 1955 - November
• 1955 - December
• 1955 - Deaths
• 1955 - January
• 1955 - March
• 1955 - April
• 1955 - May
• 1955 - July
• 1955 - August
• 1955 - September
• 1955 - October
• 1955 - November
• 1955 - December
• 1955 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1955: Encyclopedia - 1955

1 Ceres ([ˈsi.riz], Latin Cerēs) was the first asteroid to be discovered. It was discovered on January 1, 1801, by Giuseppe Piazzi. With a diameter of about 950 km it is by far the largest and most massive asteroid in the asteroid belt: It is over half as massive as the rest of the belt put together. 1 Ceres - Name. Ceres was originally named Ceres Ferdinandea after both the mythological figure Ceres (Roman goddess of plants and motherly ...

Including:

• 1 Ceres - Name
• 1 Ceres - Discovery
• 1 Ceres - Physical characteristics
• 1 Ceres - Observations
• 1 Ceres - Trivia
• 1 Ceres - Aspects
• 1 Ceres - External link

Read more here: » 1 Ceres: Encyclopedia - 1 Ceres

1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). 1937 - Events. January 1 - Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua January 11 - The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United States. January 19 - Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds. January 23 - In Moscow, 17 leading Communists go on trial accused of participatin ...

Including:

• 1937 - Events
• 1937 - February
• 1937 - March
• 1937 - April
• 1937 - May
• 1937 - June
• 1937 - July
• 1937 - August
• 1937 - September
• 1937 - October
• 1937 - November
• 1937 - December
• 1937 - Unknown dates
• 1937 - Ongoing events
• 1937 - Births
• 1937 - January
• 1937 - February
• 1937 - March
• 1937 - April
• 1937 - May
• 1937 - June
• 1937 - July
• 1937 - August
• 1937 - September
• 1937 - October
• 1937 - November
• 1937 - December
• 1937 - Deaths
• 1937 - January-March
• 1937 - April-August
• 1937 - September-December
• 1937 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1937: Encyclopedia - 1937

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). 1877 - Events. January 1 - Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act, introduced by United Kingdom Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. January 8 - Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry (Montana) January 20 - Ottoman Turkey rejec ...

Including:

• 1877 - Events
• 1877 - May - August
• 1877 - September - December
• 1877 - Ongoing events
• 1877 - Unknown date
• 1877 - Births
• 1877 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1877: Encyclopedia - 1877

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). 1879 - Events. January - The current constitution of The State of California, US was ratified. January 2 - Fred Spofforth claims the first Hat-trick in test cricket. January 11 - Anglo-Zulu War begins. January 22 - Zulu troops massacre British troops at the Battle of Isandlwana. At Ro ...

Including:

• 1879 - Events
• 1879 - May-December
• 1879 - Unknown dates
• 1879 - Births
• 1879 - January-April
• 1879 - May-December
• 1879 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1879: Encyclopedia - 1879