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December 21 | A Wisdom Archive on December 21 | | December 21 A selection of articles related to December 21 | |
| We recommend this article: December 21 - 1, and also this: December 21 - 2. |
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December 21, December 21 - Births, December 21 - Deaths, December 21 - Events, December 21 - Holidays and observances
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO December 21 | | | |  December 21: Encyclopedia II - List of ship commissionings in 1940 - December
List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 11.
U 147 (Germany): Type IID coastal submarine
List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 28.
U 148 (Germany): Type IID coastal submarine
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See also:List of ship commissionings in 1940, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - January, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 18, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - April, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 6, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 20, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - May, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 28, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - June, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 15, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 27, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - July, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 24, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - August, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 1, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 7, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 20, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 21, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - September, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 4, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 18, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - October, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 2, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 16, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 30, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - November, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 13, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 27, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - December, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 11, List of ship commissionings in 1940 - 28 Read more here: » List of ship commissionings in 1940: Encyclopedia II - List of ship commissionings in 1940 - December |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic In the November 1958 elections, De Gaulle and his supporters (initially organised in the Union pour la Nouvelle République-Union Démocratique du Travail, then the Union des Démocrates pour la Vème République and later still the Union des Démocrates pour la République) won a comfortable majority, in December De Gaulle was elected President by the parliament with 78% of the vote, he was inaugurated in January 1959.
He oversaw tough economic measures to revitalise the country, including the issuing of a new fr ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic In the November 1958 elections, de Gaulle and his supporters (initially organised in the Union pour la Nouvelle République-Union Démocratique du Travail, then the Union des Démocrates pour la Vème République and later still the Union des Démocrates pour la République) won a comfortable majority, in December de Gaulle was elected President by the parliament with 78% of the vote, he was inaugurated in January 1959.
He oversaw tough economic measures to revitalise the country, including the issuing of a new fr ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur With the Algerian conflict behind, De Gaulle was able to achieve his two main objectives: To reform and develop the French economy, and to promote an independent foreign policy and a strong stance of France on the international stage. This was the so-called "politics of grandeur" (politique de grandeur).
Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years.
In the context of a population boom unseen in France since the 18th century, the government under prime minister Georges Pompidou oversaw a rapid transform ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - May 1968 De Gaulle's government, however, was criticized within France, particularly for its heavy-handed style. While the written press and elections were free, the state had a monopoly on television and radio broadcasts (though there existed private stations broadcasting from abroad; see ORTF) and the executive occasionally told public broadcasters the bias that they desired on news. In many respects, society was traditionalistic and repressive. Many factors contributed to a general weariness of sections of the public, particularly the stude ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - May 1968 |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death He retired once again to Colombey-les-deux-Églises, where he died suddenly in 1970, while in the middle of writing his memoirs. In perfect health until then, it was reported that as he had finished watching the evening news on television and was sitting in his armchair he suddenly said "I feel a pain here", pointing to his neck, just seconds before he fell unconscious due to an aneurysmal rupture. Within minutes he was dead. His last wish was also a final slap to the establishment and protocol. He specifically asked to be buried in Colombey ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - Private life Charles De Gaulle married on April 7, 1921 to Yvonne Vendroux ("Tante Yvonne"). They had 3 children: Philippe (1921), Elisabeth (1924), and Anne (1928). Anne had Down syndrome and died at 20.
Charles De Gaulle's grandson, Charles De Gaulle is a member of the European Parliament for the National Front.
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See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - Private life |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect Though controversial throughout his political career, not least among ideological opponents on the left and among overseas strategic partners, De Gaulle continues to command enormous respect within France, where his presidency is seen as a return to political stability and strength on the international stage.
Domestically, for all its flaws, he presided over a return to economic prosperity after an initially sluggish postwar performance, while maintaining much of the social contract evolved in previous decades between employers and la ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - Works
Charles de Gaulle - French editions.
La Discorde Chez l'Ennemi (1924)
Histoire des Troupes du Levant (1931) Written by Major De Gaulle and Major Yvon, with Staff Colonel de Mierry collaborating in the preparation of the final text.
Le Fil de l'Epée (1932)
Vers l'Armée de Métier (1934)
La France et son Armée (1938)
Trois Etudes (1945) (Rôle Historique des Places Fortes; Mobilisation Economique à l'Etranger; Comment Faire une Armée de Métier) followed by th ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - Works |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Changes
12 June 1958 - André Malraux enters the cabinet as Minister of Radio, Television, and Press
14 June 1958 - Guy Mollet becomes Minister of General Civil Servants Status
7 July 1958 - Bernard Chenot enters the cabinet as Minister of Public Health and Population. Jacques Soustelle succeeds Malraux as Minister of Information.
23 July 1958 - Antoine Pinay becomes Minister of Economic Affairs, remaining also Minister of Finance.
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See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years Charles De Gaulle was the third child of a morally conservative but socially progressive Catholic bourgeois family. His father's side of the family was a long line of aristocracy from Normandy and Burgundy which had been settled in Paris for about a century, whereas his mother's side was a family of rich entrepreneurs from the industrial region of Lille in French Flanders. Born in Lille, De Gaulle grew up and was educated in Paris.
Note the name De Gaulle is not a traditional French name with a particule, but a ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career Young Charles De Gaulle chose a military career and spent four years at the École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr (the French equivalent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York or the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst at Camberley in the United Kingdom). He graduated in 1912 and decided to join an infantry regiment when he could have joined an elite corps. During World War I, then Captain De Gaulle was severely wounded at the gruesome Battle of Verdun in March 1916, and left for dead on the battlefield. Still alive, he ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces On June 18, De Gaulle prepared to speak to the French people, via BBC radio, from London. The British Cabinet attempted to block the speech, but was overruled by Churchill. In France, De Gaulle's "Appeal of June 18" could be heard nationwide in the evening. The phrase "France has lost a battle; she has not lost the war", which appeared on posters in Britain at the time, is often incorrectly associated with the BBC broadcast; nevertheless the words aptly capture the spirit of De Gaulle's position. Although only few people actually heard the s ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing De Gaulle's opposition to the proposed constitution failed as the parties of the left supported a weak presidency to prevent any repetition of the Vichy regime. The second draft constitution narrowly approved at the referendum of October 1946 was even less to De Gaulle's liking than the first.
In April 1947 De Gaulle made a renewed attempt at transforming the political scene with the creation of the Rassemblement du Peuple Français (Rally of the French People, or RPF), but the movement lost impetus after initial success. In May 1953 he withdrew aga ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic The Fourth Republic was tainted by political instability, its failures in Indochina and its inability to resolve the Algerian question.
On May 13, 1958, the settlers seized the government buildings in Algiers, attacking what they saw as French government weakness in the face of demands among the Arab majority for Algerian independence. A "Committee of Civil and Army Public Security" was created under the presidency of General Jacques Massu, a Gaullist sympathiser. General Raoul Salan, Commander-in-Chief in Algeria, announced on radio that the Army h ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry, 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Changes
12 June 1958 - André Malraux enters the cabinet as Minister of Radio, Television, and Press
14 June 1958 - Guy Mollet becomes Minister of General Civil Servants Status
7 July 1958 - Bernard Chenot enters the cabinet as Minister of Public Health and Population. Jacques Soustelle succeeds Malraux as Minister of Information.
23 July 1958 - Antoine Pinay becomes Minister of Economic Affairs, remaining also Minister of Finance.
...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958–1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government, 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry, 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry, 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years Charles de Gaulle was the third child of a morally conservative but socially progressive Catholic bourgeois family. His father's side of the family was a long line of aristocracy from Normandy and Burgundy which had been settled in Paris for about a century, whereas his mother's side was a family of rich entrepreneurs from the industrial region of Lille in French Flanders. Born in Lille, de Gaulle grew up and was educated in Paris.
Note that the "de" in de Gaulle is not a nobiliary particle, although the de Gaulle family were an ancie ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career Young Charles de Gaulle chose a military career and spent four years at the École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr (the French equivalent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York or the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst at Camberley in the United Kingdom). He graduated in 1912 and decided to join an infantry regiment when he could have joined an elite corps. During World War I, then Captain de Gaulle was severely wounded at the gruesome Battle of Verdun in March 1916, and left for dead on the battlefield. Still alive, he ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces On June 18, de Gaulle prepared to speak to the French people, via BBC radio, from London. The British Cabinet attempted to block the speech, but was overruled by Churchill. In France, de Gaulle's "Appeal of June 18" could be heard nationwide in the evening. The phrase "France has lost a battle; she has not lost the war", which appeared on posters in Britain at the time, is often incorrectly associated with the BBC broadcast; nevertheless the words aptly capture the spirit of de Gaulle's position. Although only few people actually heard the s ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing De Gaulle's opposition to the proposed constitution failed as the parties of the left supported a weak presidency to prevent any repetition of the Vichy regime. The second draft constitution narrowly approved at the referendum of October 1946 was even less to de Gaulle's liking than the first.
In April 1947 de Gaulle made a renewed attempt at transforming the political scene with the creation of the Rassemblement du Peuple Français (Rally of the French People, or RPF), but the movement lost impetus after initial success. In May 1953 he withdrew aga ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic The Fourth Republic was tainted by political instability, its failures in Indochina and its inability to resolve the Algerian question.
On May 13, 1958, the settlers seized the government buildings in Algiers, attacking what they saw as French government weakness in the face of demands among the Arab majority for Algerian independence. A "Committee of Civil and Army Public Security" was created under the presidency of General Jacques Massu, a Gaullist sympathiser. General Raoul Salan, Commander-in-Chief in Algeria, announced on radio that the Army h ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic |
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| | | | | December 21: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur With the Algerian conflict behind, de Gaulle was able to achieve his two main objectives: To reform and develop the French economy, and to promote an independent foreign policy and a strong stance of France on the international stage. This was the so-called "politics of grandeur" (politique de grandeur).
Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years.
In the context of a population boom unseen in France since the 18th century, the government under prime minister Georges Pompidou oversaw a rapid transform ...
See also:Charles de Gaulle, Charles de Gaulle - 1890–1912: Formative years, Charles de Gaulle - 1912–1940: Military career, Charles de Gaulle - 1940–1945: The Free French Forces, Charles de Gaulle - 1946–1958: The desert crossing, Charles de Gaulle - 1958: The collapse of the Fourth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1958—1962: Founding of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur, Charles de Gaulle - Thirty glorious years, Charles de Gaulle - The fourth nuclear power, Charles de Gaulle - China, Charles de Gaulle - Second round, Charles de Gaulle - The Six Day War, Charles de Gaulle - Nigerian Civil War, Charles de Gaulle - Vive le Québec Libre!, Charles de Gaulle - No to Britain, Charles de Gaulle - May 1968, Charles de Gaulle - 1969 - Retirement, Charles de Gaulle - 1970 - A humble death, Charles de Gaulle - Private life, Charles de Gaulle - Retrospect, Charles de Gaulle - Footnote, Charles de Gaulle - Works, Charles de Gaulle - French editions, Charles de Gaulle - English translations, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Second Government 21 December 1945 - 26 January 1946, Charles de Gaulle - De Gaulle's Third Ministry 9 June 1958 - 8 January 1959 Read more here: » Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - Charles de Gaulle - 1962–1968 Politics of grandeur |
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