In Greek legend, Orpheus was the chief representative of the arts of song and the lyre, and of great importance in the religious history of Greece. The mythical figure of Orpheus was borrowed by the Greeks from their Thracian neighbours; the Thracian "Orphic Mysteries", rituals of unknown content, were named after him. Orpheus - Overview. The name Orpheus does not occur in Homer or Hesiod, but he was known in the time of Ibycus (c. 530 BC). Pindar (522—442 BC) speaks of him as “the father of song ...

Including:

• Orpheus - Overview
• Orpheus - Etymology
• Orpheus - Genealogy
• Orpheus - The Argonautic expedition
• Orpheus - Death of Eurydice
• Orpheus - Death of Orpheus
• Orpheus - Orphic poems and rites
• Orpheus - The post-classical Orpheus
• Orpheus - Spoken-word myths - audio files

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Kālidāsa (कालिदास) is arguably India's greatest Sanskrit poet and dramatist, his title Kavikulaguru ('Preceptor of All Poets') bearing testimony to his stature. Known to be an ardent worshipper of Shiva, he wrote his plays and poetry largely based around Hindu mythology and philosophy. His name means literally Kali's slave. Kālidāsa - The date of Kalidasa. The exact dates of Kalidasa's life are disputed. These range from the 1st century BC to the 5th Century AD. ...

Including:

• Kālidāsa - The date of Kalidasa
• Kālidāsa - His Life
• Kālidāsa - His Death
• Kālidāsa - His Plays
• Kālidāsa - His Poems
• Kālidāsa - Kalidasa in Movies and Plays

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In 1920 Gumilyov co-founded the All-Russia Union of Writers. Gumilyov made no secret of his anti-communist views. He also crossed himself in public and didn't care to dissimulate his contempt for half-literate Bolsheviks. On August 3, 1921 he was arrested by Cheka on allegation that he was a monarchist. Most historians believe that it was one of the first entirely fabricated cases by Cheka. On August 24 Petrograd Cheka decreed execution of all 61 participants of Tagantsev Conspiracy, including Nikolai Gumilev. The exact date ...

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Nikolay Gumilyov, Nikolay Gumilyov - Early life and poems, Nikolay Gumilyov - Guild of Poets, Nikolay Gumilyov - War experience, Nikolay Gumilyov - Later poems and death

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In December 1893, Unter den Linden in Berlin held an exhibition of Munch's work, showing, among other pieces, six paintings entitled Study for a Series: Love. This began a cycle he later called the Frieze of Life — A Poem about Life, Love and Death. Frieze of Life motifs are steeped in atmosphere such as The Storm, Moonlight and Starry Night. Other motifs illuminate the nocturnal side of love, such as Rose and Amelie and Vampire. In Death in the Sickroom (1893), he depicts his ...

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Edvard Munch, Edvard Munch - Biography, Edvard Munch - Frieze of Life — A Poem about Life Love and Death, Edvard Munch - Trivia

Read more here: » Edvard Munch: Encyclopedia II - Edvard Munch - Frieze of Life — A Poem about Life Love and Death

When the WWI started, Gumilyov rushed to Russia and enthusiastically joined a corps of elite cavalry. For his bravery he was invested with two St. George crosses (December 24, 1914 and January 5, 1915). His war poems were assembled in the collection The Quiver (1916). During the Russian Revolution, Gumilyov served in the Russian expedition corps in Paris. Despite advice to the contrary, he rapidly returned to Petrograd. There he published several new collections, Tabernacle and Bonfire, and finally divorced Akhmat ...

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Nikolay Gumilyov, Nikolay Gumilyov - Early life and poems, Nikolay Gumilyov - Guild of Poets, Nikolay Gumilyov - War experience, Nikolay Gumilyov - Later poems and death

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In 1910, Gumilyov fell under the spell of the Symbolist poet and philosopher Vyacheslav Ivanov and absorbed his views on poetry at the evenings held by Ivanov in his celebrated "Turreted House". His wife Anna Akhmatova accompanied him to Ivanov's parties as well. Gumilyov and Akhmatova married on April 25. On September 18, 1912, their child Lev was born. He would become one of the most popular historians in Russia. Dissatisfied with the vague mysticism of Russian Symbolism, then prevalent in the Russian poetry, Gumilyov and Sergei Gor ...

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Nikolay Gumilyov, Nikolay Gumilyov - Early life and poems, Nikolay Gumilyov - Guild of Poets, Nikolay Gumilyov - War experience, Nikolay Gumilyov - Later poems and death

Read more here: » Nikolay Gumilyov: Encyclopedia II - Nikolay Gumilyov - Guild of Poets

Nikolai was born in Kronstadt, into a family of a naval physician Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilev (1836—1920) and Anna Ivanovna L'vova (1854—1942). He studied at the gymnasium of Tsarskoe Selo, where the Symbolist poet Innokenty Annensky was his teacher. Later, Gumilev admitted that it was Annensky's influence that turned his mind to writing poetry. His first publication were verses I run from cities into forest (Russian: Я в лес бежал из городов) on September 8, 1902. In 1 ...

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Nikolay Gumilyov, Nikolay Gumilyov - Early life and poems, Nikolay Gumilyov - Guild of Poets, Nikolay Gumilyov - War experience, Nikolay Gumilyov - Later poems and death

Read more here: » Nikolay Gumilyov: Encyclopedia II - Nikolay Gumilyov - Early life and poems

A large number of Greek religious poems in hexameter were attributed to Orpheus, as they were to similar miracle-man figures like Bakis, Musaeus, Abaris, Aristeas, Epimenides, and the Sybil. Of this vast literature, only two examples survive whole: a set of hymns composed at some point in the 2nd or 3rd century AD, and an Orphic Argonautica composed somewhere between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. Earlier Orphic literature, which may date back as far as the 6th century BC, survives only in ...

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Orpheus, Orpheus - Overview, Orpheus - Etymology, Orpheus - Genealogy, Orpheus - The Argonautic expedition, Orpheus - Death of Eurydice, Orpheus - Death of Orpheus, Orpheus - Orphic poems and rites, Orpheus - The post-classical Orpheus, Orpheus - Spoken-word myths - audio files

Read more here: » Orpheus: Encyclopedia II - Orpheus - Orphic poems and rites

There is no definitive version of his collected works (or diwan); editions vary from 573 to 994 poems. In Iran, his collected works have come to be used as an aid to popular divination. Only since the 1940s has a sustained scholarly attempt - by Mas'ud Farzad, Qasim Ghani and others in Iran - been made to authenticate his work, and remove errors introduced by later copyists and censors. However, the reliability of such work has been questioned (Michael Hillmann in 'Rahnema-ye Ketab' No. 13 (1971), "Kusheshha-ye Jadid dar Shenak ...

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Hafez, Hafez - Life, Hafez - Hafez folk tales, Hafez - After death; collected works, Hafez - After death; influence, Hafez - Hafez in contemporary Persian Iranian culture, Hafez - One of his poems

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According to a Late Antique summary of Aeschylus's lost play Bassarids, Orpheus at the end of his life disdained the worship of all gods save the sun, whom he called Apollo. One early morning he ascended Mount Pangaion (where Dionysus had an oracle) to salute his god at dawn, but was torn to death by Thracian Maenads for not honoring his previous patron, Dionysus. Here his death is analogous with the death of Dionysus, to whom theref ...

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Orpheus, Orpheus - Overview, Orpheus - Etymology, Orpheus - Genealogy, Orpheus - The Argonautic expedition, Orpheus - Death of Eurydice, Orpheus - Death of Orpheus, Orpheus - Orphic poems and rites, Orpheus - The post-classical Orpheus, Orpheus - Spoken-word myths - audio files

Read more here: » Orpheus: Encyclopedia II - Orpheus - Death of Orpheus

Born on December 12th, 1863, Løten, Norway, Munch grew up in Christiania (now Oslo). He was related to painter Jacob Munch (1776 – 1839) and historian Peter Andreas Munch (1810 – 1863). After the death of his mother, Laura Cathrine Bjølstad, of tuberculosis in 1868, Munch was raised by his father, Christian Munch, until 1889 when his father died. Christian Munch instilled in his children a deep-rooted fear of hell by repeatedly telling them that if they sinned, in any way, they would be doomed to hell without chance of pardon. While Mu ...

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Edvard Munch, Edvard Munch - Biography, Edvard Munch - Frieze of Life — A Poem about Life Love and Death, Edvard Munch - Trivia

Read more here: » Edvard Munch: Encyclopedia II - Edvard Munch - Biography

The name Orpheus does not occur in Homer or Hesiod, but he was known in the time of Ibycus (c. 530 BC). Pindar (522—442 BC) speaks of him as “the father of songs”. From the 6th century BC onwards, Orpheus was considered one of the chief poets and musicians of antiquity, and the inventor or perfector of the lyre. By dint of his music and singing, he could charm the wild beasts, coax the trees and rocks into dance, even arrest the course of rivers. As one of the pioneers of civilization, he is said to have taught mankind th ...

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Orpheus, Orpheus - Overview, Orpheus - Etymology, Orpheus - Genealogy, Orpheus - The Argonautic expedition, Orpheus - Death of Eurydice, Orpheus - Death of Orpheus, Orpheus - Orphic poems and rites, Orpheus - The post-classical Orpheus, Orpheus - Spoken-word myths - audio files

Read more here: » Orpheus: Encyclopedia II - Orpheus - Overview

In the Divine Comedy Dante sees the shade of Orpheus along with those of numerous other "virtuous pagans" in Limbo. This story of Orpheus and Eurydice has been the subject of operas and cantatas through the history of western classical music: Jacopo Peri's "Euridice" (1600) Claudio Monteverdi's Orfeo (1609) Louis-Nicolas Clerambault's "Orphee" (1710) Christoph Willibald Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice (1762) Johann Gottlieb Naumann's Orfeo ed Euridice (1785) Frie ...

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Orpheus, Orpheus - Overview, Orpheus - Etymology, Orpheus - Genealogy, Orpheus - The Argonautic expedition, Orpheus - Death of Eurydice, Orpheus - Death of Orpheus, Orpheus - Orphic poems and rites, Orpheus - The post-classical Orpheus, Orpheus - Spoken-word myths - audio files

Read more here: » Orpheus: Encyclopedia II - Orpheus - The post-classical Orpheus

Very little credible information is known about Hafez's life, particularly its early part - there is a great deal of more or less mythical anecdote. Judging from his poetry, he must have had a good education, or else found the means to educate himself. Scholars generally agree on the following: His father Baha-ud-Din is said to have been a coal merchant who died when Hafez was a child, leaving him and his mother in debt. It seems probable that he met with Attar of Shiraz, a somewhat disreputable sch ...

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Hafez, Hafez - Life, Hafez - Hafez folk tales, Hafez - After death; collected works, Hafez - After death; influence, Hafez - Hafez in contemporary Persian Iranian culture, Hafez - One of his poems

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Without the beloved’s face, the rose is not pleasant. Without wine, spring is not pleasant. The border of the sward and the air of the garden Without the tulip cheek is not pleasant. The dancing of the cypress, and the rapture of the rose, Without the one thousand songs is not pleasant. With the beloved, sugar of lip, rose of body, Without kiss and embrace is not pleasant. Every picture that reasons’s hand depicteth, Save the picture of the idol is not pleasant. Hafez! the soul is a despicable coin:< ...

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Hafez, Hafez - Life, Hafez - Hafez folk tales, Hafez - After death; collected works, Hafez - After death; influence, Hafez - Hafez in contemporary Persian Iranian culture, Hafez - One of his poems

Read more here: » Hafez: Encyclopedia II - Hafez - One of his poems

But the most famous story in which he figures is that of his wife Eurydice. Eurydice is sometimes known as Agriope. While fleeing from Aristaeus, she was bitten by a serpent which brought her to her death. Distraught, Orpheus played such sad songs and sang so mournfully that all the nymphs and gods wept and gave him advice. Orpheus went down to the lower world and by his music softened the heart of Hades and Persephone (the only person to ever do so), who agreed to allow Eurydice to return with him to earth. But the condition was attached th ...

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Orpheus, Orpheus - Overview, Orpheus - Etymology, Orpheus - Genealogy, Orpheus - The Argonautic expedition, Orpheus - Death of Eurydice, Orpheus - Death of Orpheus, Orpheus - Orphic poems and rites, Orpheus - The post-classical Orpheus, Orpheus - Spoken-word myths - audio files

Read more here: » Orpheus: Encyclopedia II - Orpheus - Death of Eurydice

Not much acclaimed in his own day and often exposed to the reproaches of orthodoxy, he greatly influenced subsequent Persian poets, and left his mark on such important Western writers as Goethe. His work was first translated into English in 1771 by William Jones. Few English translations of Hafiz have been truly successful. His work was written in what is now a dialect presenting archaic acceptations of some words, and teasing out the original meaning needs some care and scholarship in order to assign to each word a literal or symbolic meaning. Indeed, Hafiz often uses images, metaphores and allusions that imply ...

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Hafez, Hafez - Life, Hafez - Hafez folk tales, Hafez - After death; collected works, Hafez - After death; influence, Hafez - Hafez in contemporary Persian Iranian culture, Hafez - One of his poems

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In addition to his plays, Kalidasa wrote two surviving epic poems Raghuvamsha (Dynasty of Raghu) and Kumarasambhava (Birth of the War God), as well as the lyrical Meghaduta (Cloud Messenger) and Ritusamhāra (The Exposition on the Seasons). Kalidasa has also been credited with many minor poems and hymns. But these are generraly trated by scholras as works of other p ...

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Kālidāsa, Kālidāsa - The date of Kalidasa, Kālidāsa - His Life, Kālidāsa - His Death, Kālidāsa - His Plays, Kālidāsa - His Poems, Kālidāsa - Kalidasa in Movies and Plays

Read more here: » Kālidāsa: Encyclopedia II - Kālidāsa - His Poems

As in life he is a mystery at its end. Legend has it that he was murdered by a courtesan in Sri Lanka during the reign of Kumaradasa. But this king reigned in the 6th century AD and hence this seems to be improbable. ...

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Kālidāsa, Kālidāsa - The date of Kalidasa, Kālidāsa - His Life, Kālidāsa - His Death, Kālidāsa - His Plays, Kālidāsa - His Poems, Kālidāsa - Kalidasa in Movies and Plays

Read more here: » Kālidāsa: Encyclopedia II - Kālidāsa - His Death

Three famous plays written by Kalidasa are Mālavikāgnimitra (Mālavikā and Agnimitra), Vikramuurvashiiya (Pertaining to Vikrama and Urvashi)and Abhignānashākuntala (The Recognition of Sakuntala). The latter is the most famous, and was the first to be translated into English and German. Malavikagnimitra is his first work tells the story of King Agnimitra, who falls in love with the picture of an exiled servant girl named Malavika. When the queen discovers her husbands passion ...

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Kālidāsa, Kālidāsa - The date of Kalidasa, Kālidāsa - His Life, Kālidāsa - His Death, Kālidāsa - His Plays, Kālidāsa - His Poems, Kālidāsa - Kalidasa in Movies and Plays

Read more here: » Kālidāsa: Encyclopedia II - Kālidāsa - His Plays

The exact dates of Kalidasa's life are disputed. These range from the 1st century BC to the 5th Century AD. Kalidasa's play Mālavikāgnimitra has as its hero the second Sunga king Agnimitra. This king is known to have ruled around 170 BC. So Kalidasa had to be after him. The Aihole Prashasti of 634 AD, compares the skill of its composer to Kalidasa's. This then becomes the latest date for Kalidasa. In addition, the Indian tradition associa ...

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Kālidāsa, Kālidāsa - The date of Kalidasa, Kālidāsa - His Life, Kālidāsa - His Death, Kālidāsa - His Plays, Kālidāsa - His Poems, Kālidāsa - Kalidasa in Movies and Plays

Read more here: » Kālidāsa: Encyclopedia II - Kālidāsa - The date of Kalidasa

After having struggled with depression and alcoholism for a long time, he committed suicide on May 9th, 1976. Bjorneboe was described in his Aftenposten obituary as: "For 25 years Jens Bjørneboe was a center of unrest in Norwegian cultural life: Passionately concerned with contemporary problems in nearly all their aspects, controversial and with the courage to be so, with a conscious will to carry things to extremes. He was not to be pigeonholed. He dropped in on many philosophical and political movements, but couldn't settle down in ...

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Jens Bjørneboe, Jens Bjørneboe - Early life, Jens Bjørneboe - Literary career, Jens Bjørneboe - Death and legacy, Jens Bjørneboe - Bibliography, Jens Bjørneboe - Novels, Jens Bjørneboe - Plays, Jens Bjørneboe - Poems, Jens Bjørneboe - Essay collections

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