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De Beers | A Wisdom Archive on De Beers | | De Beers A selection of articles related to De Beers | |
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De Beers, De Beers - History, De Beers - Marketing, De Beers - Retail joint venture
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO De Beers | | | |  De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Economy of Botswana - Private Sector Development and Foreign InvestmentBotswana seeks to diversify its economy away from minerals, the earnings from which have levelled off. In 1998-99, non-mineral sectors of the economy grew at 8.9%, partially offsetting a slight 4.4% decline in the minerals sector. Foreign investment and management have been welcomed in Botswana.
External investment in Botswana has grown fitfully. In the early 1990s, two American companies, Owens Corning and H.J. Heinz, made major investments in production facilities in Botswana. In 1997, the St. Paul Group purchased Botswana Insurance ...
See also:Economy of Botswana, Economy of Botswana - Overview, Economy of Botswana - Mining, Economy of Botswana - Tourism, Economy of Botswana - Agriculture, Economy of Botswana - Private Sector Development and Foreign Investment Read more here: » Economy of Botswana: Encyclopedia II - Economy of Botswana - Private Sector Development and Foreign Investment |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Synthetic diamond - Manufacturing technologies There are two main methods to produce synthetic diamond. The original method is High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) and is still the most widely used method because of its relative low cost. It uses large presses that can weigh a couple of hundred tons to produce a pressure of 5 GPa at 1,500 degrees Celsius to reproduce the conditions that created natural diamond inside the Earth billions of years ago. The second method, using chemical vapor deposition or CVD, was invented in the 1980s, and is basically a method creating a carbon plasma on top of ...
See also:Synthetic diamond, Synthetic diamond - History, Synthetic diamond - Manufacturing technologies, Synthetic diamond - High pressure high temperature HPHT, Synthetic diamond - Chemical vapor deposition CVD, Synthetic diamond - Synthetic diamond types, Synthetic diamond - HPHT diamond grit, Synthetic diamond - HPHT polycrystalline compact diamond PCD, Synthetic diamond - HPHT large single crystal diamond, Synthetic diamond - CVD polycrystalline diamond, Synthetic diamond - CVD single crystal diamond, Synthetic diamond - Applications, Synthetic diamond - Synthetic gems, Synthetic diamond - Notes Read more here: » Synthetic diamond: Encyclopedia II - Synthetic diamond - Manufacturing technologies |
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| | | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Diamond - Gemological characteristics The use of diamonds as gemstones of decorative value is the most familiar use to most people today, and is also the earliest use, with decorative use of diamonds stretching back into antiquity. The dispersion of white light into a rainbow of colors, known in the trade as fire, is the other primary characteristic of gem diamonds, and has been highly prized throughout history. Over time, especially since around 1900, experts in the field of gemology have developed methods of characterizing diamonds and other gemstones based on th ...
See also:Diamond, Diamond - Material properties, Diamond - Mechanical properties, Diamond - Electromagnetic properties, Diamond - Media, Diamond - Natural history, Diamond - Formation, Diamond - Surfacing, Diamond - Gemological characteristics, Diamond - Carat, Diamond - Clarity, Diamond - Color, Diamond - Cut, Diamond - Cleaning, Diamond - History, Diamond - Record-holding diamonds, Diamond - The diamond industry, Diamond - Gem diamond industry, Diamond - Industrial diamond industry, Diamond - Diamond supply chain, Diamond - Synthetics simulants and enhancements, Diamond - Symbolism Read more here: » Diamond: Encyclopedia II - Diamond - Gemological characteristics |
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| | | | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Jan Smuts - Trials and Tribulations
Jan Smuts - Construction Begins.
A new nation required a new Prime Minister. Smuts knew that he wasn't in the running, being too young and hot-headed. On the other hand, Botha was a front-runner and devoted his time to lobbying politicians, accordingly. This allowed Smuts a consolation. Although the Act of Union had been signed, the Transvaal still had another six months of independence, and, with Botha concentrating ...
See also:Jan Smuts, Jan Smuts - Youth, Jan Smuts - Climbing the Ladder, Jan Smuts - The Boer War, Jan Smuts - Under the British Crown, Jan Smuts - Trials and Tribulations, Jan Smuts - Construction Begins, Jan Smuts - A New Party, Jan Smuts - The Hatter's Tea Party, Jan Smuts - Schism, Jan Smuts - Soldier and Statesman, Jan Smuts - Second World War, Jan Smuts - After the War, Jan Smuts - Miscellaneous, Jan Smuts - Footnotes Read more here: » Jan Smuts: Encyclopedia II - Jan Smuts - Trials and Tribulations |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Fann Wong - Showbiz career
Fann Wong - Early days: TV stardom in Singapore.
Fann Woon Fong created her stage name Fann Wong by combining her parents' surnames (Fann and Wong, respectively). Born to middle-class parents in Singapore, Fann shared a hectic childhood with three siblings (an elder sister and a younger brother and sister). At the tender age of 16, she won a beauty contest organised by Her World, a Singapore fashion magazine. She started a very successful modelling career in Singapore, and sustained it by basing herself in ...
See also:Fann Wong, Fann Wong - Showbiz career, Fann Wong - Early days: TV stardom in Singapore, Fann Wong - Late 90s: ascendance of regional popularity, Fann Wong - 2003: Hollywood, Fann Wong - Recent years, Fann Wong - Fan base, Fann Wong - Filmography, Fann Wong - Movies, Fann Wong - Telemovies, Fann Wong - TV dramas, Fann Wong - Shows hosted, Fann Wong - Autobiographical documentaries, Fann Wong - Others, Fann Wong - Discography, Fann Wong - Solo albums, Fann Wong - Soundtracks, Fann Wong - Singles/Compilations, Fann Wong - Publications, Fann Wong - Prominent awards and nominations, Fann Wong - Endorsements, Fann Wong - Ambassadorial duties, Fann Wong - Contact Fann Wong's management Read more here: » Fann Wong: Encyclopedia II - Fann Wong - Showbiz career |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - South African Customs Union There was considerable unrest in Cape Colony in the period from 1878 to 1885. In this short period of time there were chronic troubles with the Bastuos which prompted the Cape to give them back to the imperial authorities as well as a series of native disturbances which were followed by the First Boer War of 1881 and the Bechuanaland disturbances of 1884. In spite of these drawbacks, the development of the country continued. The diamond industry was flourishing. A conference was held in London in 1887 for "promoting a closer union between th ...
See also:History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Development of modern conditions, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Origin of the Afrikander Bond, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Hofmeyr, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes and Dutch sentiment, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - South African Customs Union, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Diamonds and railways, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes as Prime Minister, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Movement for commercial federation, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Schreiner's policy Read more here: » History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - South African Customs Union |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes as Prime Minister In 1889 Sir Henry Loch was appointed high commissioner and governor of Cape Colony after succeeding Sir Hercules Robinson. In 1890 Sir Gordon Sprigg, the premier of the colony, resigned, and a government under Rhodes was formed. Prior to the formation of this ministry, and while Sir Gordon Sprigg was still in office, Hofmeyr had approached Rhodes and offered to put him in office as a Bond nominee, but the offer was declined. When Rhodes was invited to take office after the downfall of the Sprigg ministry, however, he asked the Bond leaders t ...
See also:History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Development of modern conditions, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Origin of the Afrikander Bond, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Hofmeyr, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes and Dutch sentiment, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - South African Customs Union, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Diamonds and railways, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes as Prime Minister, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Movement for commercial federation, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Schreiner's policy Read more here: » History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes as Prime Minister |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Movement for commercial federation With the development of railways and the increase in trade between Cape Colony and the Transvaal, politicians in both places began to debate forming a closer relationship. While acting as Premier of Cape Colony, Rhodes endeavoured to bring about the friendly gesture of commercial federation among the states and colonies of South Africa by means of a customs union. He hoped to established both a commercial and a railway union, which is illustrated by a speech he gave in 1894 in Cape Town:
With full affection for the flag which I ...
See also:History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Development of modern conditions, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Origin of the Afrikander Bond, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Hofmeyr, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes and Dutch sentiment, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - South African Customs Union, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Diamonds and railways, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes as Prime Minister, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Movement for commercial federation, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Schreiner's policy Read more here: » History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Movement for commercial federation |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - South African Jews - History The Jewish history of South Africa began, indirectly, some time before the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope, by the participation of certain astronomers and cartographers in the Portuguese discovery of the sea-route to India. There were Jews among the directors of the Dutch East India Company, which for 150 years administered the colony at the Cape of Good Hope. Jewish cartographers in Portugal, members of the wealthy and influential classes, assisted Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama who first sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 and 1497. Portugal's Jews were still free until the P ...
See also:South African Jews, South African Jews - History, South African Jews - Jewish immigration from Lithuania, South African Jews - Second Anglo-Boer War:1899-1902, South African Jews - From Independence through World War II, South African Jews - Apartheid era, South African Jews - South African Jews and Israel, South African Jews - South African Jewish moderation and liberalism, South African Jews - Anti-Apartheid activities, South African Jews - Focused on internal Jewish communal issues, South African Jews - Support of the National Party and Apartheid, South African Jews - Today, South African Jews - Jewish education in South Africa Read more here: » South African Jews: Encyclopedia II - South African Jews - History |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Hofmeyr The Cape legislative assembly passed an act in 1882 that gave members the right to speak in Dutch on the floor of the House if they so desired. The intent of the act was liberal, but the moment of its introduction was inopportune, and its effect was to give additional stimulus to the actions of the Bond. It also allowed a number of Dutchmen to be elected to the House. The Dutchmen were poorly educated and would not have been elected if they were req ...
See also:History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Development of modern conditions, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Origin of the Afrikander Bond, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Hofmeyr, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes and Dutch sentiment, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - South African Customs Union, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Diamonds and railways, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes as Prime Minister, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Movement for commercial federation, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Schreiner's policy Read more here: » History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Hofmeyr |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Diamond - History Diamonds are thought to have been first recognized and mined in India, where significant alluvial deposits of the stone could then be found. The earliest written reference can be found in the Sanskrit text Arthasastra, which was completed around 296 BCE, describes diamond's hardness, luster, and dispersion. Diamonds quickly became associated with divinity, being used to decorate religious icons, and were believed to bring good fortune to those who carried them. Ownership was restricted among various castes by color, with only kings being al ...
See also:Diamond, Diamond - Material properties, Diamond - Mechanical properties, Diamond - Electromagnetic properties, Diamond - Media, Diamond - Natural history, Diamond - Formation, Diamond - Surfacing, Diamond - Gemological characteristics, Diamond - Carat, Diamond - Clarity, Diamond - Color, Diamond - Cut, Diamond - Cleaning, Diamond - History, Diamond - Record-holding diamonds, Diamond - The diamond industry, Diamond - Gem diamond industry, Diamond - Industrial diamond industry, Diamond - Diamond supply chain, Diamond - Synthetics simulants and enhancements, Diamond - Symbolism Read more here: » Diamond: Encyclopedia II - Diamond - History |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Bishop's Stortford - Education The county council (Hertfordshire) is responsible for education. Being in England, Bishop's Stortford follows the English schools model of primary, secondary, and further education. There are 13 primary and 5 secondary schools (two of which are single sex). The town does not have any further education colleges for post 16 education, all post 16 education is recieved at the secondary schools in the form of sixth form.
There is also an independent school, the Bishop's Stortford College[1], which covers the whol ...
See also:Bishop's Stortford, Bishop's Stortford - History and naming, Bishop's Stortford - Politics, Bishop's Stortford - Economy, Bishop's Stortford - Transportation, Bishop's Stortford - Rail, Bishop's Stortford - Road, Bishop's Stortford - Air, Bishop's Stortford - Bus, Bishop's Stortford - Famous inhabitants, Bishop's Stortford - Education, Bishop's Stortford - Climate Read more here: » Bishop's Stortford: Encyclopedia II - Bishop's Stortford - Education |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Economy of Botswana - Mining Two large mining companies, Debswana (formed by the government and South Africa's De Beers in equal partnership) and Bamangwato Concessions, Ltd. (BCL, also with substantial government equity participation) operate in the country.
Since the early 1980s, the country has been the world's largest producer of gem diamonds. Four large diamond mines have opened since independence. De Beers prospectors discovered diamonds in northern Botswana in the early 1970s. The first mine began production at Orapa in 1972, followed by the smaller mine a ...
See also:Economy of Botswana, Economy of Botswana - Overview, Economy of Botswana - Mining, Economy of Botswana - Tourism, Economy of Botswana - Agriculture, Economy of Botswana - Private Sector Development and Foreign Investment Read more here: » Economy of Botswana: Encyclopedia II - Economy of Botswana - Mining |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Diamond - The diamond industry The diamond industry can be broadly separated into two basically distinct categories: one dealing with gem-grade diamonds and another for industrial-grade diamonds. While a large trade in both types of diamonds exists, the two markets act in dramatically different ways.
Diamond - Gem diamond industry.
A large trade in gem-grade diamonds exists. Unlike precious metals such as gold or platinum, gem diamonds do not trade as a commodity: there is a substantial mark-up in the sale of diamonds, and there is not ...
See also:Diamond, Diamond - Material properties, Diamond - Mechanical properties, Diamond - Electromagnetic properties, Diamond - Media, Diamond - Natural history, Diamond - Formation, Diamond - Surfacing, Diamond - Gemological characteristics, Diamond - Carat, Diamond - Clarity, Diamond - Color, Diamond - Cut, Diamond - Cleaning, Diamond - History, Diamond - Record-holding diamonds, Diamond - The diamond industry, Diamond - Gem diamond industry, Diamond - Industrial diamond industry, Diamond - Diamond supply chain, Diamond - Synthetics simulants and enhancements, Diamond - Symbolism Read more here: » Diamond: Encyclopedia II - Diamond - The diamond industry |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Development of modern conditions At the time of the beginning of the diamond industry, all of South Africa was experiencing depressed economic conditions. Ostrich-farming was in its infancy, and agriculture had only been lightly developed. The Boers, except those in the immediate vicinity of Cape Town, lived in primitive conditions. They only traded limitedly with the Colony for durable goods. Even the British colonists were far from wealthy. The diamond industry was therefore considerably attractive, especially to colonists of British origin. It was also a means to demonst ...
See also:History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Development of modern conditions, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Origin of the Afrikander Bond, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Hofmeyr, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes and Dutch sentiment, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - South African Customs Union, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Diamonds and railways, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes as Prime Minister, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Movement for commercial federation, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Schreiner's policy Read more here: » History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Development of modern conditions |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - South African Jews - Second Anglo-Boer War:1899-1902 Jews fought on both sides during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). Some of the most notable fights during the three years' Boer war — such as the Gun Hill incident before the Siege of Ladysmith — involved Jewish soldiers like Major Karri Davies. Nearly 2,800 Jews fought on the British side and the London Spectator counted that 125 were killed. (Jewish Encyclopedia)
Around 300 Jews served among the Boers during the second Boer War: those who had citizenship rights were conscripted along with other burghers ("citi ...
See also:South African Jews, South African Jews - History, South African Jews - Jewish immigration from Lithuania, South African Jews - Second Anglo-Boer War:1899-1902, South African Jews - From Independence through World War II, South African Jews - Apartheid era, South African Jews - South African Jews and Israel, South African Jews - South African Jewish moderation and liberalism, South African Jews - Anti-Apartheid activities, South African Jews - Focused on internal Jewish communal issues, South African Jews - Support of the National Party and Apartheid, South African Jews - Today, South African Jews - Jewish education in South Africa Read more here: » South African Jews: Encyclopedia II - South African Jews - Second Anglo-Boer War:1899-1902 |
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| | | | | De Beers: Encyclopedia II - Material properties of diamond - Toughness Unlike hardness, which only denotes resistance to scratching, diamond's toughness or tenacity is only fair to good. Toughness relates to its ability to resist breakage from falls or impacts: due to diamond's perfect and easy cleavage, it is vulnerable to breakage. Ballas and carbonado diamond are exceptional, as they are polycrystalline and therefore much tougher than single-crystal diamond; they are used for deep-drilling bits and other demanding industrial applications. Particular cuts of diamonds are more prone to breakage—such as marqu ...
See also:Material properties of diamond, Material properties of diamond - Hardness and crystal structure, Material properties of diamond - Toughness, Material properties of diamond - Optical properties, Material properties of diamond - Electrical properties, Material properties of diamond - Thermal properties, Material properties of diamond - Composition and color Read more here: » Material properties of diamond: Encyclopedia II - Material properties of diamond - Toughness |
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