The De Beers Group is a Johannesburg- and London-based diamond mining and trading corporation. It has historically held a near-total monopoly in the diamond trade, although recent Israeli interests have captured 20% of the market. In 1994 De Beers was charged by the United States Justice Department with antitrust violations for conspiring to fix prices for industrial diamonds. On 14 July 2004 De Beers pleaded guilty to the charges and paid a $10 million fine. The plea has enabled De Beers to trade directly in the United States diamond ...

Including:

• De Beers - History
• De Beers - Marketing
• De Beers - Retail joint venture

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De Beers was founded on 13 March 1888 by Cecil John Rhodes. In the 20th century the Oppenheimer family became the major shareholders. Sir Ernest Oppenheimer, his son Harry Oppenheimer and his grandson Nicky Oppenheimer have been chairmen of the company. Also see Alex Oppenheimer, heir and relative. The company's name comes from Johannes Nicholas de Beer and Diederik Arnoldus de Beer, two Afrikaner farmers on whose farm, called Vooruitzicht, near the confluence of the Orange River and the Vaal River, diamonds were discovered. The broth ...

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De Beers, De Beers - History, De Beers - Marketing, De Beers - Retail joint venture

Read more here: » De Beers: Encyclopedia II - De Beers - History

There are large coal, copper, nickel and uranium deposits in the region. One of the largest diamond mines in the world is located at Orapa in the Makgadikgadi, North-Eastern Kalahari. Kalahari Desert - Resettlements. In 2002, the Botswanan government forced all the Bushmen from their lands within the borders of that country and "resettled" them in fixed encampments. The government has given several different justifications for their action: that it was for purposes of nature conservation; that it wa ...

See also:

Kalahari Desert, Kalahari Desert - Climate, Kalahari Desert - Game Reserves, Kalahari Desert - Ancestral land, Kalahari Desert - Kalahari minerals, Kalahari Desert - Resettlements, Kalahari Desert - Diamond mining

Read more here: » Kalahari Desert: Encyclopedia II - Kalahari Desert - Kalahari minerals

A cartel is a group of legally independent producers whose goal it is to fix prices, to limit supply and to limit competition. Cartels are prohibited by antitrust laws in most countries; however, they continue to exist nationally and internationally, formally and informally. Note that a single entity that holds a monopoly by this definition cannot be a cartel, though it may be guilty of abusing said monopoly in other ways. As such, it is inaccurate to describe (f ...

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The Coronation Crown of George IV was the coronation crown of King George IV of the United Kingdom. It was used in the coronation in 1821. It has remained unworn since 1823. Coronation Crown of George IV - Origins. As the Prince of Wales and as Prince Regent George had been an extravagant figure, with controversial artistic tastes. When he became king George planned an innovation in British coronations. Instead of having separate coronation and state crowns, he decided to have one crown with which h ...

Including:

• Coronation Crown of George IV - Origins
• Coronation Crown of George IV - Design
• Coronation Crown of George IV - Usage

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Sir Anthony John Charles Meyer, Bt., (October 27, 1920 – December 24, 2004) was a British soldier, diplomat, and Conservative Party politician, best known for standing against Margaret Thatcher for the party leadership in 1989. He was passionately in favour of the European Union, and this and other policies led to him becoming increasingly marginalised in Thatcher's Conservative Party. Meyer's Hamburg, Germany-born Jewish grandfather, Carl Frederick Meyer, migrated to Britain in the late 19th century, when he worked for the R ...

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Diamond is one of the two best known forms (or allotropes) of carbon, whose hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelry (the other equally well known allotrope is graphite). Diamonds are specifically renowned as a mineral with superlative physical qualities - they make excellent abrasives because they can only be scratched by other diamonds, which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain luster. About 130 million carats (26,000 kg) are mined annually ...

Including:

• Diamond - Material properties
• Diamond - Mechanical properties
• Diamond - Electromagnetic properties
• Diamond - Media
• Diamond - Natural history
• Diamond - Formation
• Diamond - Surfacing
• Diamond - Gemological characteristics
• Diamond - Carat
• Diamond - Clarity
• Diamond - Color
• Diamond - Cut
• Diamond - Cleaning
• Diamond - History
• Diamond - Record-holding diamonds
• Diamond - The diamond industry
• Diamond - Gem diamond industry
• Diamond - Industrial diamond industry
• Diamond - Diamond supply chain
• Diamond - Synthetics simulants and enhancements
• Diamond - Symbolism

Read more here: » Diamond: Encyclopedia - Diamond

Andrea Palladio (November 30, 1508 – August 19, 1580), or Andrea di Pietro della Gondola, was an architect born in Padua, Italy. Apprenticed as a stonecutter in Padua when he was 13, he broke his contract after only 18 months and fled to the nearby town of Vicenza. In Vicenza, he became an assistant in the leading workshop of stonecutters and masons. The Palladian style is named after him, a style which adhered to classical Roman principles, as opposed to the rich ornamentation of the Renaissance. Palladio designed many churches, villas, and p ...

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City (2001 Census) City (2004 estimate) 16,541 (but see note) 19,056 Latitude: Longitude: City of Yellowknife Yellowknife (62°27′N 114°21′W MST) is the capital of Canada's Northwest Territories, and the only city in the territory, with a population of over 19,000 as of 2004. Located on the north shore of Great Slave Lake on the west side of Yellowknife Bay near the outlet of the Yellowknife River, Yellowknife and its surrounding waterbodies were named after ...

Including:

• Yellowknife Northwest Territories - History
• Yellowknife Northwest Territories - Culture
• Yellowknife Northwest Territories - Regional Mines
• Yellowknife Northwest Territories - Community profile

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An advertising agency or ad agency is a service business dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising (and sometimes other forms of promotion) for their clients. An ad agency is independent from the client and provides a outside point of view to the effort of selling the client's products or services. An agency can also handle overall marketing and branding strategies and sales promotions for its clients. Typical ad agency clients include businesses and corporations, non-profit organizations and government agencies. Agencies may be hired to produce single ads or, more commonly, ongoi ...

Including:

• Advertising agency - Agency personnel
• Advertising agency - Famous advertising agencies

Read more here: » Advertising agency: Encyclopedia - Advertising agency

List of diamond mines - Africa. Botswana Damtshaa diamond mine Jwaneng diamond mine Letlhakane diamond mine Orapa diamond mine South Africa Baken diamond mine Cullinan diamond mine (previously Premier mine) Finsch diamond mine Kimberley mine Koffiefontein mine The Oaks diamond mine Venetia diamond mine Other African locations Catoca diamo ...

See also:

List of diamond mines, List of diamond mines - List of diamond mines, List of diamond mines - Africa, List of diamond mines - Asia, List of diamond mines - North America, List of diamond mines - Oceania, List of diamond mines - List of diamond mining companies

Read more here: » List of diamond mines: Encyclopedia II - List of diamond mines - List of diamond mines

See also: Crystallographic defects in diamond Known to the Ancient Greeks as adamas ("untameable" or "unconquerable") and sometimes called adamant, diamond is the hardest known naturally occurring material, scoring 10 on the old Mohs scale of mineral hardness. The material boron nitride, when in a form structurally identical to diamond, is nearly as hard as diamond; a currently hypothetical material, beta carbon nitride, may also be as hard or harder in one form. Furthermore, it has been shown 1 2 that ultrahard fullerit ...

See also:

Material properties of diamond, Material properties of diamond - Hardness and crystal structure, Material properties of diamond - Toughness, Material properties of diamond - Optical properties, Material properties of diamond - Electrical properties, Material properties of diamond - Thermal properties, Material properties of diamond - Composition and color

Read more here: » Material properties of diamond: Encyclopedia II - Material properties of diamond - Hardness and crystal structure

Bernt Carlsson joined the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League when he was sixteen, studied economics at Stockholm University and, upon graduation, went into Sweden's foreign ministry. Carlsson was assistant to the Minister of Commerce in 1967 and, three years later, was detached to become international secretary of the ruling Social Democratic Party of Sweden in 1970. Concurrent with his position in the party, Prime Minister, Olof Palme (assas ...

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Bernt Carlsson, Bernt Carlsson - Evolution to international diplomacy, Bernt Carlsson - Reclaiming Namibia for the UN, Bernt Carlsson - The prime target?, Bernt Carlsson - Memorial

Read more here: » Bernt Carlsson: Encyclopedia II - Bernt Carlsson - Evolution to international diplomacy

Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - Return to South Africa. Smuts returned to South Africa to much acclaim. News of his achievements in Europe had reached Cape Town, and he was feted by local academics as an example of South African intellectual agility. Despite the plaudits, Smuts did not excel as he was expected to. He practised as a barrister, but his abrasive manner and shyness won him no friends amongst clients or jurists. Without work in law, he sought it elsewhere. The most notable of his occupations wa ...

See also:

Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - In Cape Town, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - Return to South Africa, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - Cecil Rhodes, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - Starting Afresh, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - To Johannesburg, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - A New Direction, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - Working for Uncle Paul, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - Crisis and Opportunity, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - Reinvigorating the Dutch, Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - Fighting for Peace

Read more here: » Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder: Encyclopedia II - Jan Smuts/Climbing the Ladder - In Cape Town

In 1866, Erasmus Jacobs found a small white pebble on the banks of the Orange River, on the farm De Kalk, near Hopetown. The pebble turned out to be a 21.25 carat (4.25 g) diamond. In 1871, an even larger 83.50 carat (16.7 g) diamond was found on the slopes of Colesberg Kopje, and led to the first diamond rush into the area. As miners arrived in their thousands, the hill disappeared, and became known as the Big Hole. A town, New Rush, was formed in the area, and was renamed to Kimberley on 5 June 1873, after the British Secretary of S ...

See also:

Kimberley South Africa, Kimberley South Africa - History, Kimberley South Africa - External link

Read more here: » Kimberley South Africa: Encyclopedia II - Kimberley South Africa - History

Known as "Natty", he was the son of Lionel de Rothschild (1808-1879) and Charlotte Rothschild (née von Rothschild), grandson of Nathan Mayer Rothschild after whom he was named, and the great-grandson of Mayer Amschel Rothschild founder of the dynasty. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was a friend of the Prince of Wales, but left without taking a degree. In 1864 h ...

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Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1st Baron Rothschild, Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1st Baron Rothschild - Life and family, Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1st Baron Rothschild - Baron and first Jewish member of House of Lords, Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1st Baron Rothschild - Work, Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1st Baron Rothschild - Prominent English Rothschild family members

Read more here: » Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1st Baron Rothschild: Encyclopedia II - Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1st Baron Rothschild - Life and family

South African Jews - South African Jews and Israel. When the Afrikaner-dominated National Party came to power in 1948 it did not adopt an anti-Jewish policy. In fact, during that year, the modern State of Israel won its independence from Britain, and the Afrikaners identified with Israel and admired its resistance to British rule. South Africa's Prime Minister, D. F. Malan, was reputedly the first foreign head of state to visit Israel. This began a long history of cooperation between Israel and South Africa on ma ...

See also:

South African Jews, South African Jews - History, South African Jews - Jewish immigration from Lithuania, South African Jews - Second Anglo-Boer War:1899-1902, South African Jews - From Independence through World War II, South African Jews - Apartheid era, South African Jews - South African Jews and Israel, South African Jews - South African Jewish moderation and liberalism, South African Jews - Anti-Apartheid activities, South African Jews - Focused on internal Jewish communal issues, South African Jews - Support of the National Party and Apartheid, South African Jews - Today, South African Jews - Jewish education in South Africa

Read more here: » South African Jews: Encyclopedia II - South African Jews - Apartheid era

The disastrous end of the Boer War of 1881 had repercussions that spread throughout South Africa. One of the most important results was the first Afrikander Bond congress that was held in 1882 at Graaf Reinet. The bond developed to include both the Transvaal, the Orange Free State, and Cape Colony. Each country had a provincial committee with district committees, and branches were distributed through South Africa. Later on, the Bond in the Cape Colony dissociated itself from its Republican branches. The policy of the Bond is best summarised ...

See also:

History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Development of modern conditions, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Origin of the Afrikander Bond, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Hofmeyr, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes and Dutch sentiment, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - South African Customs Union, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Diamonds and railways, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Rhodes as Prime Minister, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Movement for commercial federation, History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Schreiner's policy

Read more here: » History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 - Origin of the Afrikander Bond

List of advertising slogans - Airlines. "A Symbol of Freedom" - Southwest Airlines "Catch Our Smile" - PSA "Delta gets you there. We're ready to fly" "Delta is ready when you are." "Enjoy our company" - Sabena "Fly me!" - National Airlines "Fly the friendly skies" - United Airlines, 1966–1997, Leo Burnett "It's time to fly" - United Airlines "I wish they all could be Caledonia girls" - Caledonia Airlines "Making the sky the b ...

See also:

List of advertising slogans, List of advertising slogans - Communications Broadcasting & Publishing, List of advertising slogans - Electronics, List of advertising slogans - Computing, List of advertising slogans - Recordings, List of advertising slogans - Fashion, List of advertising slogans - Clothing, List of advertising slogans - Makeup, List of advertising slogans - Perfume, List of advertising slogans - Jewelry, List of advertising slogans - Miscellaneous/Unsorted, List of advertising slogans - Finance, List of advertising slogans - Food and drink, List of advertising slogans - Household, List of advertising slogans - Personal Care, List of advertising slogans - Recreation Entertainment and Travel, List of advertising slogans - Tobacco, List of advertising slogans - Stop smoking aids, List of advertising slogans - Transport, List of advertising slogans - Airlines, List of advertising slogans - Automobiles, List of advertising slogans - Automobile Parts and Accessories, List of advertising slogans - Car Rental, List of advertising slogans - Petroleum, List of advertising slogans - Government Military, List of advertising slogans - Social Public Service, List of advertising slogans - Politics/Advocacy, List of advertising slogans - Education, List of advertising slogans - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » List of advertising slogans: Encyclopedia II - List of advertising slogans - Transport

Settlers first made their homes in Bishop's Stortford over 250,000 years ago, although there was nothing significant until it became a small Roman settlement on the Roman road of Stane Street between St Albans and Colchester. After the Roman empire broke down, the small town was abandoned. A new Saxon development grew up. At that time, the settlement was known as Estereford, probably because a family called Estere owned or controlled the river crossing around which the settlement was based. Over time, this became Stortford. In 1060, W ...

See also:

Bishop's Stortford, Bishop's Stortford - History and naming, Bishop's Stortford - Politics, Bishop's Stortford - Economy, Bishop's Stortford - Transportation, Bishop's Stortford - Rail, Bishop's Stortford - Road, Bishop's Stortford - Air, Bishop's Stortford - Bus, Bishop's Stortford - Famous inhabitants, Bishop's Stortford - Education, Bishop's Stortford - Climate

Read more here: » Bishop's Stortford: Encyclopedia II - Bishop's Stortford - History and naming