Membership in the Klan is secret, and the Klan, like many fraternal organizations, has signs members can use to recognize one another. A member may use the acronym AYAK (Are you a Klansman?) in conversation to surreptitiously identify himself to another potential member. The response AKIA (A Klansman I am) completes the greeting. Throughout its varied history, the Klan has coined many words [45] beginning with "KL" including:

"All The Way" is a nationalist and patriotic newspaper. The official organ of The Nationalist Movement is published monthly at Learned, Mississippi. Correspondents include Travis Golie, Barry Hackney and Gerald McManus. It was founded in June, 1987. Richard Barrett has served as Editor, since its founding. In 1996, the publication migrated to the Internet, appearing in both print and on-line versions, and, in 2003, in full-color, eight- ...

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Nationalist Movement, Nationalist Movement - Forsyth County Covenant, Nationalist Movement - Lawsuits, Nationalist Movement - All The Way, Nationalist Movement - Present Day Nationalist Movement

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In modern India, the discussion of Indo-Aryan migration is charged politically and religiously. Supporters of migration are faced with several accusations. The major one is that the British Raj and European Indologists from the 19th century to the present day promoted the Aryan Invasion hypothesis in support of Eurocentric notions of white supremacy. Assertions that the highly advanced proto-Hindu Vedic culture could not have had its roo ...

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Aryan invasion theory, Aryan invasion theory - Origin of the theory, Aryan invasion theory - Racial aspects of the theory, Aryan invasion theory - Role in Imperialism and Nazism, Aryan invasion theory - Later developments, Aryan invasion theory - Political and religious issues, Aryan invasion theory - Modern Theory, Aryan invasion theory - Literature

Read more here: » Aryan invasion theory: Encyclopedia II - Aryan invasion theory - Political and religious issues

While the classical "Aryan invasion" scenario – the idea that a wave of Vedic Aryan invaders were the cause of the Indus Valley Civilization's destruction – has fallen out of favor, the majority of archaeologists would not dispute that the Sanskrit language and Hindu religion have some external sources in addition to internal ones. Sanskrit and other Indic languages are clearly related to the Iranian languages which historically have occupied much of Central Asia. However, even as early as the Rig-Veda (1500-1200 BCE), Sanskrit contains ...

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Aryan invasion theory, Aryan invasion theory - Origin of the theory, Aryan invasion theory - Racial aspects of the theory, Aryan invasion theory - Role in Imperialism and Nazism, Aryan invasion theory - Later developments, Aryan invasion theory - Political and religious issues, Aryan invasion theory - Modern Theory, Aryan invasion theory - Literature

Read more here: » Aryan invasion theory: Encyclopedia II - Aryan invasion theory - Modern Theory

1909: On February 12, the National Negro Committee was formed. Founders included Ida Wells-Barnett, W.E.B. DuBois, Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villiard, William English Walling. 1910: The NAACP began court fights with the Pink Franklin case. It involved a black farmhand, who killed a policeman in self-defense when the officer broke into his home at 3 a.m. to arrest him on a civil charge. 1913: The NAACP protested President Woodrow Wilson's official introduction of segr ...

See also:

NAACP, NAACP - Organization, NAACP - History, NAACP - Fighting Jim Crow, NAACP - Desegregation, NAACP - The 1990s: Crisis and restored strength, NAACP - Critics and supporters, NAACP - Bush declines to speak to the NAACP, NAACP - Timeline, NAACP - Influential court cases, NAACP - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » NAACP: Encyclopedia II - NAACP - Timeline

The Mitchell Trio, during the time that John Denver was with them, recorded the heavily satirical song "Your Friendly, Liberal, Neighborhood Ku-Klux-Klan," both a comical and savage statement against the movement. Talk show host Jerry Springer has had Klan members on his program The Jerry Springer Show numerous times. The animated series South Park often pokes fun at the Klan. A repeated joke has one or more characters wearing an ill-fitting sheet as a ghost costume, which comes ...

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Ku Klux Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Overview, Ku Klux Klan - The first Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Creation, Ku Klux Klan - Activities, Ku Klux Klan - Klan salute, Ku Klux Klan - Decline and suppression, Ku Klux Klan - The second Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Creation, Ku Klux Klan - Activities, Ku Klux Klan - Political influence, Ku Klux Klan - Decline, Ku Klux Klan - Later Ku Klux Klans, Ku Klux Klan - Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Ku Klux Klan - The Ku Klux Klan today, Ku Klux Klan - Ku Klux Klan vocabulary, Ku Klux Klan - The Ku Klux Klan in popular culture, Ku Klux Klan - Notes

Read more here: » Ku Klux Klan: Encyclopedia II - Ku Klux Klan - The Ku Klux Klan in popular culture

Although often still discussed in contemporary American politics as representing the quintessential "fringe" end of the far-right spectrum, today the group only exists in the form of a number of very isolated, scattered "supporters" that probably do not number more than a few thousand. In a 2002 report on "Extremism in America", the Anti-Defamation League wrote "Today, there is no such thing as the Ku Klux Klan. Fragmentation, decentralization and decline have continued unabated." However, they also noted that the "need for justification runs deep in the disaffected and is unlikely to disappear, rega ...

See also:

Ku Klux Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Overview, Ku Klux Klan - The first Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Creation, Ku Klux Klan - Activities, Ku Klux Klan - Klan salute, Ku Klux Klan - Decline and suppression, Ku Klux Klan - The second Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Creation, Ku Klux Klan - Activities, Ku Klux Klan - Political influence, Ku Klux Klan - Decline, Ku Klux Klan - Later Ku Klux Klans, Ku Klux Klan - Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Ku Klux Klan - The Ku Klux Klan today, Ku Klux Klan - Ku Klux Klan vocabulary, Ku Klux Klan - The Ku Klux Klan in popular culture, Ku Klux Klan - Notes

Read more here: » Ku Klux Klan: Encyclopedia II - Ku Klux Klan - The Ku Klux Klan today

The Klan's first incarnation began in late 1865 or early 1866 in Pulaski, Tennessee. It was founded as a social organization, but quickly its main purpose became to resist Reconstruction in the wake of the American Civil War, and it focused as much on intimidating "carpetbaggers" and "scalawags" as on putting down the Freedmen. It quickly adopted violent methods, and was involved in a wave of 1,300 murders of Republican voters in 1868. A rapid reaction set in, with the Klan's leadership disowning it, and Southern elites seeing the Klan as an ...

See also:

Ku Klux Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Overview, Ku Klux Klan - The first Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Creation, Ku Klux Klan - Activities, Ku Klux Klan - Klan salute, Ku Klux Klan - Decline and suppression, Ku Klux Klan - The second Klan, Ku Klux Klan - Creation, Ku Klux Klan - Activities, Ku Klux Klan - Political influence, Ku Klux Klan - Decline, Ku Klux Klan - Later Ku Klux Klans, Ku Klux Klan - Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Ku Klux Klan - The Ku Klux Klan today, Ku Klux Klan - Ku Klux Klan vocabulary, Ku Klux Klan - The Ku Klux Klan in popular culture, Ku Klux Klan - Notes

Read more here: » Ku Klux Klan: Encyclopedia II - Ku Klux Klan - Overview

Edwin Edwards was born in rural Avoyelles Parish, near Marksville to a family of Cajun sharecroppers. He graduated from Louisiana State University law school at age 21 and began practicing law in Crowley, Louisiana. His career was helped by his being bilingual and articulate in English and Cajun French. He entered politics, being elected to the Crowley City Council in 1954. He was a member of the Democratic Party, which in that era had a virtual monopoly in Louisiana. After serving in the Louisiana State Senate, Edwards was elected to ...

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Edwin Edwards, Edwin Edwards - Background, Edwin Edwards - Gubernatorial Campaigns and Terms 1971-1987, Edwin Edwards - Gubernatorial Campaign and Term 1991-1995, Edwin Edwards - Indictment and Conviction

Read more here: » Edwin Edwards: Encyclopedia II - Edwin Edwards - Background

Some controversy has arisen over the years relating to the fact that Irving not only never received a history degree, but never graduated from University. Critics at times attempted to devalue Irving's work on this basis, but neutral scholars pointed out, if nothing else, his value as an archivist. After the Dresden book Irving continued writing, including some works of revisionist history. In 1964, he wrote The Mare’s Nest, an account of the German secret weapons projects and the Allied intelligence countermeasures against i ...

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David Irving, David Irving - Early life, David Irving - The Destruction of Dresden, David Irving - Historian, David Irving - Revisionist, David Irving - Holocaust denial and libel suit, David Irving - Persona non grata, David Irving - Current activities, David Irving - Arrest in Austria, David Irving - Recent Past, David Irving - Irving bibliography

Read more here: » David Irving: Encyclopedia II - David Irving - Historian

Congress had amended Title VII once before, in 1972, when it broadened the coverage of the Act. It was moved to overhaul Title VII in 1991 and to harmonize it with Section 1981 jurisprudence, by a series of Supreme Court decisions: Patterson v. McLean Credit Union, 491 U.S. 164 (1989), which held that an employee could not sue for damages caused by racial harassment on the job, because even if the employer's conduct were discriminatory, the employer had not denied the employee the "same right . . . to make and enforce contracts ...

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Civil Rights Act of 1991, Civil Rights Act of 1991 - Predecessors of the Act, Civil Rights Act of 1991 - Impetus for the Act, Civil Rights Act of 1991 - Changes made by the Act, Civil Rights Act of 1991 - External sources

Read more here: » Civil Rights Act of 1991: Encyclopedia II - Civil Rights Act of 1991 - Impetus for the Act

The BNP and the Front National have co-operated on numerous occasions. Jean-Marie Le Pen visited the UK in 2004 to assist launching the BNP's European Parliament campaign [48], and Nick Griffin repaid the favour by sending a delegation of BNP officials to the FN's annual 'First of May Joan of Arc parade' in Paris last year [49]. National Democrats (Sweden) The BNP also has links with Sweden's National Democrat Party (Nationaldemokraterna). In the run-up to the 2004 European Parliament election campaign, Nick ...

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British National Party, British National Party - History and overview, British National Party - Policies, British National Party - Allegations of racism, British National Party - Allegations of neo-Nazism, British National Party - Criminal records and extreme or violent affiliation of some BNP organizers, British National Party - Electoral strategy, British National Party - Electoral performance, British National Party - Opposition to the BNP, British National Party - Affiliated parties, British National Party - Previous British National Parties

Read more here: » British National Party: Encyclopedia II - British National Party - Affiliated parties

The BNP's policies have been rejected by a majority of the voters in most places where its candidates have stood for election, although its share of the vote has increased in recent years in many of the areas in which they have stood. The BNP is condemned by all sections of the mainstream media, including right-wing newspapers, such as the Sun and Daily Mail, which share some of the party's concerns over immigration. Representatives of the three major mainstream political parties all condemn the BNP, although the party has taken counc ...

See also:

British National Party, British National Party - History and overview, British National Party - Policies, British National Party - Allegations of racism, British National Party - Allegations of neo-Nazism, British National Party - Criminal records and extreme or violent affiliation of some BNP organizers, British National Party - Electoral strategy, British National Party - Electoral performance, British National Party - Opposition to the BNP, British National Party - Affiliated parties, British National Party - Previous British National Parties

Read more here: » British National Party: Encyclopedia II - British National Party - Opposition to the BNP

As the 1991 governor's race drew near, many of Edwards' friends encouraged him to abandon his planned comeback, believing that he had no chance to win. After Edwards' loss in 1987, a journalist for the Shreveport Journal wrote that the only way Edwin Edwards could ever be elected again was to run against Adolf Hitler. These words turned out to be prophetic. In the 1991 primary, Edwards discovered his opponent to be none other than David Duke, the highly controversial former Ku Klux Klan leader who had habitually worn a Nazi SS uniform to class during his days at Louisiana State University. ...

See also:

Edwin Edwards, Edwin Edwards - Background, Edwin Edwards - Gubernatorial Campaigns and Terms 1971-1987, Edwin Edwards - Gubernatorial Campaign and Term 1991-1995, Edwin Edwards - Indictment and Conviction

Read more here: » Edwin Edwards: Encyclopedia II - Edwin Edwards - Gubernatorial Campaign and Term 1991-1995

(this list excludes internal group disputes, such as the feuds between former members of N.W.A., A Tribe Called Quest, EPMD and the Fugees) MC Lyte vs Antoinette: Antoinette was an aspiring female rapper who, presumably in order to attract attention, went after the leading female rapper of the time. The two traded insults for a year or two. Lyte's response was also fueled by claims that her rival had stolen the beat from Top Billin, by Audio Two (which included her relative, Milk D). Tim Dog vs N ...

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Hip hop rivalries, Hip hop rivalries - East Coast vs. West Coast, Hip hop rivalries - Nas vs Jay-Z, Hip hop rivalries - Eminem vs Benzino, Hip hop rivalries - Boogie Down Productions vs the Juice Crew, Hip hop rivalries - LL Cool J vs. Kool Moe Dee, Hip hop rivalries - LL Cool J vs Canibus and the Refugee Camp, Hip hop rivalries - Ja Rule vs 50 Cent, Hip hop rivalries - 50 Cent vs The Game, Hip hop rivalries - Other known rivalries not necessarily chronological order

Read more here: » Hip hop rivalries: Encyclopedia II - Hip hop rivalries - Other known rivalries not necessarily chronological order

Neoconservatism - Great Depression and World War II. "New" conservatives initially approached this view from the political left, especially in reponse to key developments in modern American history. The forerunners of neoconservativism were generally liberals or socialists who strongly supported the Second World War, and who were influenced by the Depression-era ideas of former New Dealers, trade unionists, and Trotskyists, particularly those who followed the political ideas of Max Shachtman (A number of f ...

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Neoconservatism, Neoconservatism - Neoconservative: Definition and views, Neoconservatism - Usage and general views, Neoconservatism - Overview of Neoconservative views, Neoconservatism - Distinctions from other Conservative movements, Neoconservatism - Shortcomings and criticism of the term Neoconservative, Neoconservatism - Pejorative use, Neoconservatism - History and origins of neoconservatism, Neoconservatism - Great Depression and World War II, Neoconservatism - Drift away from New Left and Great Society, Neoconservatism - Left-wing roots of Neoconservative organizations?, Neoconservatism - Reagan and the Neoconservatives, Neoconservatism - Neoconservativism under George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, Neoconservatism - Administration of George W. Bush, Neoconservatism - China spy plane incident, Neoconservatism - September 11 2001, Neoconservatism - Bush Doctrine, Neoconservatism - Impact of 2003 Iraq War on Neoconservative philosophy and influence, Neoconservatism - Criticism of neoconservatism, Neoconservatism - Jacobinism Bolshevism, Neoconservatism - Conflict with libertarian conservatives, Neoconservatism - Disagreement with Business Lobby fiscal conservatives, Neoconservatism - Friction with Paleoconservatism, Neoconservatism - Neoconservatism Judaism and Dual Loyalty, Neoconservatism - Related Publications and Institutions, Neoconservatism - Institutions, Neoconservatism - Publications, Neoconservatism - References in Popular Culture

Read more here: » Neoconservatism: Encyclopedia II - Neoconservatism - History and origins of neoconservatism

Two prominent Arab activists, Ali Abunimah and Hussein Ibish, have written an open letter regarding Shamir's Anti-semitism being unhelpful to the Palestinian cause. They cite a number of 'serious concerns' about Shamir's Anti-semitism, including this passage: The Jewish supremacy forces and the greed worshippers united again to crucify Christ. The US, this New Rome, again gives hand and agrees to become the executioner. Now ...

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Israel Shamir, Israel Shamir - Career, Israel Shamir - Shamir's own account, Israel Shamir - Shamir's account questioned, Israel Shamir - Shamir's response, Israel Shamir - Career, Israel Shamir - Shamir's controversial views, Israel Shamir - Jewish-Christian relations, Israel Shamir - Anti-Semitic Stereotypes, Israel Shamir - On Holocaust Denial, Israel Shamir - On Religion and the Palestine Conflict, Israel Shamir - Opposition to migration, Israel Shamir - Links with the Far-Right, Israel Shamir - Accusations of anti-Semitism, Israel Shamir - Bibliography, Israel Shamir - Books, Israel Shamir - Translations

Read more here: » Israel Shamir: Encyclopedia II - Israel Shamir - Accusations of anti-Semitism

Irving soon dropped out of college and went to Germany, where he worked as a steelworker in a Thyssen steel works in the Ruhr area and first learned German. He then moved to Spain (which was at the time under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco) where he worked as a clerk at an airbase near Madrid. Establishing contacts with Europe’s far right in 1962 he wrote a series of thirty-seven articles on the Allied bombing campaign, Wie Deutschlands Städte Starben, for the German right-wing journal Neue Illustrierte. These served a ...

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David Irving, David Irving - Early life, David Irving - The Destruction of Dresden, David Irving - Historian, David Irving - Revisionist, David Irving - Holocaust denial and libel suit, David Irving - Persona non grata, David Irving - Current activities, David Irving - Arrest in Austria, David Irving - Recent Past, David Irving - Irving bibliography

Read more here: » David Irving: Encyclopedia II - David Irving - The Destruction of Dresden

Many people have disputed Shamir's account of his career and background.[4] [5][6] Israel Shamir - Shamir's own account. The following account comes from his home page[7]: Shamir was born in Novosibirsk, Siberia, in 1950. A grandson of a professor of mathematics and a descendant of a Rabbi from Tiberias, Palestine, he studied at the School of the Academy of Sciences, and read Math and Law at Novosibirsk University. In 1969, he moved to Israel, served as paratrooper in the army and fought in the 1973 ...

See also:

Israel Shamir, Israel Shamir - Career, Israel Shamir - Shamir's own account, Israel Shamir - Shamir's account questioned, Israel Shamir - Shamir's response, Israel Shamir - Career, Israel Shamir - Shamir's controversial views, Israel Shamir - Jewish-Christian relations, Israel Shamir - Anti-Semitic Stereotypes, Israel Shamir - On Holocaust Denial, Israel Shamir - On Religion and the Palestine Conflict, Israel Shamir - Opposition to migration, Israel Shamir - Links with the Far-Right, Israel Shamir - Accusations of anti-Semitism, Israel Shamir - Bibliography, Israel Shamir - Books, Israel Shamir - Translations

Read more here: » Israel Shamir: Encyclopedia II - Israel Shamir - Career

Irving was born in Essex, England. His father John James Cawdell Irving was a commander in the Royal Navy, his mother Beryl an illustrator. During the Second World War, his father was an officer aboard the light cruiser HMS Edinburgh. On May 2, 1942, while escorting Convoy QP11 in the Barents Sea, she was sunk by the German U-456. Irving's father survived, but after the incident cut off all ties with his wife and their children. Irving first gained notoriety as a student at Imperial College London, where he studied physics. He ...

See also:

David Irving, David Irving - Early life, David Irving - The Destruction of Dresden, David Irving - Historian, David Irving - Revisionist, David Irving - Holocaust denial and libel suit, David Irving - Persona non grata, David Irving - Current activities, David Irving - Arrest in Austria, David Irving - Recent Past, David Irving - Irving bibliography

Read more here: » David Irving: Encyclopedia II - David Irving - Early life

Neoconservatives have often been singled out for criticism by opponents of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, many of whom see this invasion as a neoconservative initiative. Neoconservatism - Jacobinism Bolshevism. The "traditional" conservative Claes Ryn has argued that neoconservatives are "a variety of neo-Jacobins." Ryn asserts that true conservatives deny the existence of a universal political and economic philosophy and model that is suitable for all societies and cultures, and believe that a society's institu ...

See also:

Neoconservatism, Neoconservatism - Neoconservative: Definition and views, Neoconservatism - Usage and general views, Neoconservatism - Overview of Neoconservative views, Neoconservatism - Distinctions from other Conservative movements, Neoconservatism - Shortcomings and criticism of the term Neoconservative, Neoconservatism - Pejorative use, Neoconservatism - History and origins of neoconservatism, Neoconservatism - Great Depression and World War II, Neoconservatism - Drift away from New Left and Great Society, Neoconservatism - Left-wing roots of Neoconservative organizations?, Neoconservatism - Reagan and the Neoconservatives, Neoconservatism - Neoconservativism under George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, Neoconservatism - Administration of George W. Bush, Neoconservatism - China spy plane incident, Neoconservatism - September 11 2001, Neoconservatism - Bush Doctrine, Neoconservatism - Impact of 2003 Iraq War on Neoconservative philosophy and influence, Neoconservatism - Criticism of neoconservatism, Neoconservatism - Jacobinism Bolshevism, Neoconservatism - Conflict with libertarian conservatives, Neoconservatism - Disagreement with Business Lobby fiscal conservatives, Neoconservatism - Friction with Paleoconservatism, Neoconservatism - Neoconservatism Judaism and Dual Loyalty, Neoconservatism - Related Publications and Institutions, Neoconservatism - Institutions, Neoconservatism - Publications, Neoconservatism - References in Popular Culture

Read more here: » Neoconservatism: Encyclopedia II - Neoconservatism - Criticism of neoconservatism

Despite anti-racism's successes, however, some people feel that racism is still a powerful force in Western societies. Proponents of the stronger forms of anti-racism point to ongoing differences in quality of life among different races and say that rooting out discriminatory attitudes and practices is a requirement of simple justice. Thus, they argue that racism still drives such phenomena as the drug war, the prison system, ongoing segregation of housing, racial profiling, police brutality, U.S. imperialism, and possibly the immigration re ...

See also:

Anti-racism, Anti-racism - Precursors of anti-racism, Anti-racism - Origins of modern anti-racism, Anti-racism - The revival of anti-racism in the United States, Anti-racism - Anti-racism's influence, Anti-racism - Controversies, Anti-racism - Anti-racist organisations

Read more here: » Anti-racism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-racism - Controversies