A Wisdom Archive on cysts

Chloracne is an acne-like eruption of blackheads, cysts, and pustules associated with over-exposure to certain halogenic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. The lesions are most frequently found on the cheeks, behind the ears, in the armpits and groin region. The condition was first described in German industrial workers in 1897 by Von Bettman, and was initially believed to be caused by exposure to toxic chlorine (hence the name "chloracne"). It was only in the mid-1950s that chloracne was associated with aromatic hydrocarbons[1]. The substances that may cause chloracn ... Including:

• Chloracne - Etiology and progression
• Chloracne - Treatment
• Chloracne - Related conditions
• Chloracne - Notable cases

Read more here: » Chloracne: Encyclopedia - Chloracne

Chlorine dioxide is used in the disinfection of water and bleaching of flour and wood pulp. It can also be used for air disinfection, and was the principal agent used in the decontamination of buildings in the United States after the 2001 anthrax attacks. It is effective against viruses, bacteria and protozoa – including the cysts of Giardia and the oocysts of Cryptosporidium. This distinguishes it from chlorine, which has been used for more than a century as the standard water disinfectant. Chlorine dioxide was introduced as a drinking water disinfectant on a large scale in 1956, when Brussels, Belgium, c ...

Read more here: » Chlorine dioxide: Encyclopedia II - Chlorine dioxide - Uses

Infection has two stages: Toxoplasmosis - Acute toxoplasmosis. During acute toxoplasmosis, symptoms are often flu-like: swollen lymph nodes, or muscle aches and pains that last for a month or more. Rarely, a patient with a fully functioning immune system may develop eye damage from toxoplasmosis. Young children and immunocomprimised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those taking certain types of chemotherapy, or persons who have recently received an organ transplant, may develop severe toxoplasmosis. This can cause damage to the brain or the eyes. Only a small percentage of infected newborns ...

Read more here: » Toxoplasmosis: Encyclopedia II - Toxoplasmosis - Symptoms

The disease exists both in an autosomal recessive and an autosomal dominant form. The autosomal dominant form, called ADPKD (autosomal dominant PKD or "Adult-onset PKD") is much more common but less severe. In 85% of patients, ADPKD is caused by mutations in the gene PKD1 (chromosomal locus 16p13.3-p13.1); in 15% of patients mutations in PKD2 (chromosomal locus 4q21-q23) are causative. The recessive form, called ARPKD (autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease) is the less common variant, mutations in th ...

Read more here: » Polycystic kidney disease: Encyclopedia II - Polycystic kidney disease - Genetics

Medical treatment of PCOS used to be directed mainly at the symptoms (ovarian and adrenal suppression, and anti-androgen therapy) and restoring ovulation. Some medications used for these purposes are: Oral contraceptives (ovarian suppression) - since these cause regular menstruation, they reduce the risk of endometrial carcinoma Spironolactone or finasteride (anti-androgen therapy) - reduce the excessive hair growth by blocking the effects of male hormones Clomiphene citrate and/or human chorionic go ...

Read more here: » Polycystic ovary syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Polycystic ovary syndrome - Treatment

In the past several years, the "work-up" process has become quite formalized. It generally consists of screening mammography, diagnostic mammography, and biopsy when necessary. After a screening mammogram, some women may have areas of concern which can't be resolved with only the information available from the screening mammogram. They would then be called back for a "diagnostic mammogram". This phrase essentially means a problems solving mammogram. During this session, the radiologist will be monitoring each of the additional films as they are taken to determine the cause of the abnormal appearance. U ...

Read more here: » Mammography: Encyclopedia II - Mammography - Work-up process

Asymptomatic human infections are usually diagnosed by finding cysts shed with the stool. Various flotation or sedimentation procedures have been developed to recover the cysts from fecal matter and stains help to visualize the isolated cysts for microscopic examination. Since cysts are not shed constantly, a minimum of 3 stools should be examined. In symptomatic infections, the motile form (the trophozoite) can often be seen in fresh feces. Serological tests exist and most individuals (whether with symptoms or not) will test positive for th ...

Read more here: » Entamoeba histolytica: Encyclopedia II - Entamoeba histolytica - Diagnosis of Human Illness

Chlorine dioxide is a reddish-yellow gas which is one of several known oxides of chlorine. Chlorine dioxide is relatively stable in the gas and liquid states, but can explode easily. Practically, it is never handled in its pure form. Chlorine dioxide - Uses. Chlorine dioxide is used in the disinfection of water and bleaching of flour and wood pulp. It can also be used for air disinfection, and was the principal agent used in the decontamination of buildings in the United States after the 2001 anthra ... Including:

• Chlorine dioxide - Uses
• Chlorine dioxide - Preparation

Read more here: » Chlorine dioxide: Encyclopedia - Chlorine dioxide