Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Road Race Men. Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Road Race Women. Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Team Time Trial Men. ...

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Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Road Cycling, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Road Race Men, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Road Race Women, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Team Time Trial Men, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Track Cycling, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Individual Pursuit Men, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Team Pursuit Men, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Sprints Men, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - 1000m Time Trial Men, Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Points Race Men

Read more here: » Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia II - Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Road Cycling

Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's 1000 m Individual Time Trial. Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's Sprint. Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's 4000 m Individual Pursuit. Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's 4000 m Team Pursuit. ...

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Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Medals, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Track cycling events, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's 1000 m Individual Time Trial, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's Sprint, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's 4000 m Individual Pursuit, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's 4000 m Team Pursuit, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Road cycling events, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's Individual Road Race, Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 km Team Time Trial

Read more here: » Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia II - Cycling at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Track cycling events

World Cycling Championship - World Cycling Champions. World Cycling Championship - World Sprint Champions. World Cycling Championship - World Time-Trial Champions. † David Millar won the race, but later confessed having used Epogen. Therefore the UCI decided to grant the title to second-placed Rogers. World Cycling Championship - Country wins:. Belgium, 29 winsSee also:

World Cycling Championship, World Cycling Championship - Palmares, World Cycling Championship - World Cycling Champions, World Cycling Championship - World Sprint Champions, World Cycling Championship - World Time-Trial Champions, World Cycling Championship - Country wins:

Read more here: » World Cycling Championship: Encyclopedia II - World Cycling Championship - Palmares

The valves are typically operated by a camshaft, which is a rod with a series of projecting cams (lobes), each with a carefully calculated profile designed to push the valve open by the required degree at the right moment and to hold it open as required as the camshaft rotates. Between the valve stem and the cam is a tappet, a cam follower, which accommodates variations in the line of contact of the cam. In older engine designs, the cam shaft was in the crankcase and its motion transmitted by a push rod and a rocker arm, the entire ch ...

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Four-stroke cycle, Four-stroke cycle - Valve train, Four-stroke cycle - Desmodromic valve timing, Four-stroke cycle - Pneumatic Valve Springs, Four-stroke cycle - Output limit

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The amount of power output generated by a 4-stroke engine is ultimately limited by piston speed, due to material strength. Because pistons and connecting rods are accelerated and decelerated very quickly, the material is only physically strong enough to withstand limited velocities. Both physical breakage and the piston ring flutter can occur, resulting in power loss or even engine destruction. Piston flutter occurs when the piston rings are changing directions so quickly that they can be forced away from the cylinder walls, ...

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Four-stroke cycle, Four-stroke cycle - Valve train, Four-stroke cycle - Desmodromic valve timing, Four-stroke cycle - Pneumatic Valve Springs, Four-stroke cycle - Output limit, Four-stroke cycle - Bibliography

Read more here: » Four-stroke cycle: Encyclopedia II - Four-stroke cycle - Output limit

Early studies of cycles are found in Vedic, Buddhist and Christian sacred books. Pythagoras' study of music and Ptolemy's motion of the planets were early scientific studies of cycles; see also interval cycle and song cycle. Early studies of cycles were generally related to astronomical, astrological and weather and climatic cycles. Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Newton and Einstein contributed to ever refined un ...

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Cycle studies, Cycle studies - History, Cycle studies - Astronomy, Cycle studies - Social sciences

Read more here: » Cycle studies: Encyclopedia II - Cycle studies - History

The amount of power output generated by a 4-stroke engine is ultimately limited by piston speed, due to material strength. Because pistons and connecting rods are accelerated and decelerated very quickly, the material is only physically strong enough to withstand limited velocities. Both physical breakage and the piston ring flutter can occur, resulting in power loss or even engine destruction. Piston ring flutter occurs when the piston rings are changing directions so quickly that they can be forced away from their seat on the ring land and the cylinder walls, resulting in a loss of cylinder sealing a ...

See also:

Four-stroke cycle, Four-stroke cycle - Valve train, Four-stroke cycle - Desmodromic valve timing, Four-stroke cycle - Pneumatic Valve Springs, Four-stroke cycle - Output limit, Four-stroke cycle - Bibliography

Read more here: » Four-stroke cycle: Encyclopedia II - Four-stroke cycle - Output limit

Although weather changes from one summer to the next and from one winter to the next, the astronomical cycles that cause seasonal changes may to a fairly good approximation undergo identical repetitions. But astronomers also concern themselves with cycles like the 11-year sunspot cycle, in which the length of one cycle may differ from the next by an amount that cannot be neglected even over a short run of just a few cycles. Our understanding of weather cycles being attributable to annual and monthly astronomical motions was extended b ...

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Cycle studies, Cycle studies - History, Cycle studies - Astronomy, Cycle studies - Social sciences

Read more here: » Cycle studies: Encyclopedia II - Cycle studies - Astronomy

Another important calendar for the Maya was the Venus cycle. The Maya were excellent astronomers, and could calculate the Venus cycle extremely accurately. There are six pages in the Dresden Codex (one of the Maya codices) devoted to the accurate calculation of the location of Venus. The Maya were able to achieve such accuracy by careful observation over many years. The Venus cycle was especially important because the Maya believed it was associated with war and used it to divine good times for coronations and war. Maya rulers planned for wars to begin when Venus rose. The Maya also possibly tracked other planets’ movements, i ...

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Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Venus cycle

In languages such as Eiffel, assertions are part of the design process, in others, such as C and Java they are only used to check assumptions at run-time. In both cases they can be checked for validity at run-time, but can usually also be suppressed. Assertion computing - Assertions in design by contract. Assertions can be a form of documentation: they can describe the state part of the code expects to find before it runs (its preconditions), and the state the code expects to result in when it is finished ...

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Assertion computing, Assertion computing - Usage, Assertion computing - Assertions in design by contract, Assertion computing - Assertions for run-time checking, Assertion computing - Assertions during the development cycle, Assertion computing - Static Assertions, Assertion computing - Disabling assertions, Assertion computing - Comparison with error handling

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Main article: Time in physics Time is currently one of the few fundamental quantities (quantities which cannot be defined via other quantities because there is nothing more fundamental known at present). Thus, similar to definition of other fundamental quantities (like space and mass), time is defined via measurement. Currently, the standard time interval (called conventional second, or simply second) is defined as 9 192 631 770 oscillations of a hyperfine ...

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Time, Time - Philosophy of time, Time - Contemporary theses in the philosophy of time, Time - Time in physics, Time - Measurement, Time - Present day standards, Time - Chronology, Time - Psychology, Time - Use of time, Time - General units of time, Time - Special units of time, Time - Time measurement and horology, Time - Theory and study of time

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Time - Present day standards. The standard unit for time is the SI second, from which larger units are defined like the minute, hour, and day. Because they do not use the decimal system, and because of the occasional need for a leap-second, the minute, hour, and day are "non-SI" units, but are officially accepted for use with the International System. There are no fixed ratios between seconds (or days) on the one hand and months and years on the other hand -- months and years having significant vari ...

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Time, Time - Philosophy of time, Time - Contemporary theses in the philosophy of time, Time - Time in physics, Time - Measurement, Time - Present day standards, Time - Chronology, Time - Psychology, Time - Use of time, Time - General units of time, Time - Special units of time, Time - Time measurement and horology, Time - Theory and study of time

Read more here: » Time: Encyclopedia II - Time - Measurement

Different people may judge identical lengths of time quite differently. Time can "fly"; that is, a long period of time can seem to go by very quickly. Likewise, time can seem to "drag," as in when one performs a boring task. The psychologist Jean Piaget called this form of time perception "lived time". Time appears to go fast when sleeping, or, to put it differently, time seems not to have passed while asleep. Time also appears to pass more quickly as one gets older. For example, a day for a child seems to last longer than a day for a ...

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Time, Time - Philosophy of time, Time - Contemporary theses in the philosophy of time, Time - Time in physics, Time - Measurement, Time - Present day standards, Time - Chronology, Time - Psychology, Time - Use of time, Time - General units of time, Time - Special units of time, Time - Time measurement and horology, Time - Theory and study of time

Read more here: » Time: Encyclopedia II - Time - Psychology

Main article: Philosophy of space and time; Ontology In ancient thought, Zeno's paradoxes challenged the conception of infinite divisibility, and eventually led to the development of calculus. Parmenides (of whom Zeno was a follower) believed that time, motion, and change were illusions, basing this on a rather interesting argument. More recently, McTaggart held a similar belief. Newton believed time and space form a container for events, which is as real as the objects it contains. In contrast, Leibniz believed that time and space are a conceptual apparatus de ...

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Time, Time - Philosophy of time, Time - Contemporary theses in the philosophy of time, Time - Time in physics, Time - Measurement, Time - Present day standards, Time - Chronology, Time - Psychology, Time - Use of time, Time - General units of time, Time - Special units of time, Time - Time measurement and horology, Time - Theory and study of time

Read more here: » Time: Encyclopedia II - Time - Philosophy of time

Tidal flows are of profound importance in navigation and very significant errors in position will occur if tides are not taken into account. Tidal heights are also very important; for example many rivers and harbours have a shallow "bar" at the entrance which will prevent boats with significant draught from entering at certain states of the tide. Tidal flow can be found by looking at a tidal chart or tidal stream atlas for the area of interest. Tidal charts come in sets, each diagram of the set covering a single hour between on ...

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Tide, Tide - Tidal terminology, Tide - Timing, Tide - Tidal physics, Tide - Tidal amplitude and cycle time, Tide - Tidal lag, Tide - Alternative explanation, Tide - Tides & fluids, Tide - Tides and navigation, Tide - Other tides

Read more here: » Tide: Encyclopedia II - Tide - Tides and navigation

Ignoring external forces, the ocean's surface defines a geopotential surface or geoid, where the gravitational force is directly towards the centre of the Earth and there is no net lateral force and hence no flow of water. Now consider the effect of added external, massive bodies such as the Moon and Sun. These massive bodies have strong gravitational fields that diminish with distance in space. It is the spatial differences in these fields that deform the geoid shape. This deformation has a fixed orientation relative to the influenci ...

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Tide, Tide - Tidal terminology, Tide - Timing, Tide - Tidal physics, Tide - Tidal amplitude and cycle time, Tide - Tidal lag, Tide - Alternative explanation, Tide - Tides & fluids, Tide - Tides and navigation, Tide - Other tides

Read more here: » Tide: Encyclopedia II - Tide - Tidal physics

The maximum water level is called "high tide" or "high water" and the minimum level is "low tide" or "low water". High water occurs as two bulges in the height of the oceans; one bulge faces the moon and the other, on the opposite side of the earth, faces away from the moon. For an explanation see below under Tidal physics. There are two low waters positioned at about 90° of longitude from the high waters. At any given point on the ocean, there are normally two high tides and two low tides each day. The common names of the two high tides ar ...

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Tide, Tide - Tidal terminology, Tide - Timing, Tide - Tidal physics, Tide - Tidal amplitude and cycle time, Tide - Tidal lag, Tide - Alternative explanation, Tide - Tides & fluids, Tide - Tides and navigation, Tide - Other tides

Read more here: » Tide: Encyclopedia II - Tide - Tidal terminology

Neither the Tzolkin nor the Haab system numbered the years. The combination of a Tzolkin date and a Haab date was enough to identify a date to most people's satisfaction, as such a combination didn't occur again for another 52 years, well above life expectancy. Because the two calendars were based on 260 days and 365 days respectively, the whole cycle would repeat itself every 52 Haab years exactly. This period was known as a Calendar Round. The end of the Calendar Round was a period of unrest and bad luck among the Maya, as they waited in expectation to see if the ...

See also:

Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Calendar Round

With the development of the place-notational Long Count calendar (believed to have been inherited from other Mesoamerican cultures), the Maya had an elegant system within which events could be recorded in a linear relationship to one another, and also with respect to the calendar ("linear time") itself. In theory, this system could readily be extended to delineate any length of time desired, by simply adding to the number of higher-order place markers used (and thereby generating an ever-increasing sequence of day-multiples, each day in the ...

See also:

Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time

Since Calendar Round dates can only distinguish within 18980 days, equivalent to around 52 solar years, the cycle repeats roughly once each lifetime, and thus, a much more refined method of dating was needed if their history was to be recorded accurately. The Long Count employs the use of number series, roughly base 20 and is constructed by counting whole number of days alone. The Mayan name for a day was kin; twenty of these kins are known as a uinal; eighteen uinals make one tun; twenty tuns are known as ...

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Maya calendar, Maya calendar - General overview, Maya calendar - Maya concepts of time, Maya calendar - Tzolk'in, Maya calendar - Divination, Maya calendar - Origin of the Tzolkin, Maya calendar - Haab, Maya calendar - Wayeb, Maya calendar - Calendar Round, Maya calendar - Long Count, Maya calendar - Calculating Long Count dates, Maya calendar - Calculating the Tzolkin date portion, Maya calendar - Calculating the Haab date portion, Maya calendar - End of the world?, Maya calendar - Venus cycle

Read more here: » Maya calendar: Encyclopedia II - Maya calendar - Long Count

The Indian months are listed below. Shaka and Chaitradi Vikram (UP, Rajasthan etc) start with Chaitra, Kartikadi Vikram (Gujarat, Maharashtra) start in Kartika. The nakshatras are divisions of ecliptic, each 13d 20m, starting from 0 Aries. The purnima of each month is synchronized with a nakshatra. ...

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Samvat, Samvat - Months and Approximate Correspndence, Samvat - The time cycles in India, Samvat - Date Conversion, Samvat - Variations

Read more here: » Samvat: Encyclopedia II - Samvat - Months and Approximate Correspndence