A wide variety of drugs are used in modern anaesthetic practice. Many are rarely used outside of anaesthesia, although others are used commonly by all disciplines. Some of the prominent ones include: local anaesthetics general anaesthetics inhalational anaesthetics volatile anaesthetics desflurane sevoflurane isoflurane halothane enflurane methoxyflurane nitrous oxide xenon intravenous anaesthetics

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Including:

Albert Calmette - Research on tuberculosis

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In the context of biology, poisons are substances that cause injury, illness, or death to organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale. Some poisons are also toxins, usually referring to naturally produced substances, such as the bacterial proteins that cause tetanus and botulism. A distinction between the two terms is not always observed, even among scientists. Animal toxins that are delivered subcutaneously (e.g. by sting or bite) are also called venom. In normal usage, a poisonou ...

Including:

Poison - Biological poisoning Poison - Poisoning in children
Poison - Background Poison - Management
Poison - By mechanism
Poison - Corrosives T54 Poison - Metabolic poisons energy Poison - Neurotoxins T44 Poison - Teratogens birth defects Poison - Mutagens DNA damage Poison - Carcinogens cancer
Poison - By source
Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons Poison - Organic poisons Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins
Poison - Famous poisonings
Poison - Confirmed poisonings Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings
Poison - Poisons in crime fiction
Poison - Novels Poison - Plays Poison - Films
Poison - Poison in other literary works
Poison - Novels

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A blowgun or blowpipe is a simple weapon consisting of a small tube for firing light projectiles, or darts. The wielder blows into one end, forcing the dart out the other. Sometimes, for increased effectiveness, the dart is tipped with a poison, most famously curare. Many cultures have used this weapon, but various indigenous rain forest tribes in South America and South East Asia are the best known wielders. Blowguns are very rarely used by these tribes as actual weapons, they are used ...

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An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR) is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine receptor - Classification. Like other transmembrane receptors, acetylcholine receptors are classified according to their "pharmacology", or according to their relative affinities and sensitivities to different molecules. Although all acetylcholine receptors, by definition, respond to acetylcholine, they respond to other molecules as well. < ...

Including:

Acetylcholine receptor - Classification Acetylcholine receptor - Receptor types Acetylcholine receptor - Role in health and disease

Read more here: » Acetylcholine receptor: Encyclopedia - Acetylcholine receptor

Darts are missile weapons, designed to fly such that a sharp, often weighted point will strike first. They can be distinguished from javelins by fletching (i.e., feathers on the tail) and a shaft that is shorter and/or more flexible, and from arrows by the fact that they are not of the right length to use with a normal bow. The term has been used to describe an extremely wide variety of projectiles, from heavy spear-like ammunition for siege engines or atlatls to tiny poisoned needles for use in blowguns. Dart mis ...

Including:

Dart missile - Prehistory
Dart missile - Construction Dart missile - Operation Dart missile - Atlatl Dart missile - Replacement by the arrow Dart missile - Reconstructions
Dart missile - Other traditional darts
Dart missile - Thrown darts Dart missile - Kestrosphendone Dart missile - Siege engines Dart missile - Blow darts Dart missile - Rope dart Dart missile - Swiss arrow
Dart missile - Modern darts Dart missile - In religion

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Surgery (from the Greek cheirourgia meaning "hand work") is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. Surgeons are medical practitioners who specialize in surgery. A surgery can also refer to the place where surgery is performed, or simply the office of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian. Surgery - History of surgery. The earliest known surgical procedure is trepanation, also known as trephinning or trepanning, in wh ...

Including:

Surgery - History of surgery Surgery - Development of modern surgery Surgery - Diseases that can be treated by surgery Surgery - Common surgical procedures Surgery - Noted surgeons

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Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups. Major causes are stroke, trauma, poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), botulism, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Paralysis may be localized, or generalized, or it may follow a certain pattern. For example, localized paralysis occurs in Bell's palsy where one side of the face may be paralysed due to inflammation of the facial nerve on that side. Patients with stroke may be weak throughout their body (glo ...

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Huaorani - Worldview. In the animist Huaorani worldview, there is no distinction between the physical and spiritual worlds and spirits are present throughout the world. The Huaorani once believed that the entire world was a forest (and used the same word, ömë, for both ) and the Oriente’s rainforest remains the essential basis of their physical and cultural survival. For them, the forest is home, while the outside world is unsafe: Living in the forest offers protection from the witchcraft and attacks o ...

See also:

Huaorani, Huaorani - Name, Huaorani - Subdivision, Huaorani - Technology, Huaorani - Culture, Huaorani - Worldview, Huaorani - Weapons, Huaorani - Marriage, Huaorani - Recent history, Huaorani - Indigenist political reorganization, Huaorani - Land rights, Huaorani - Sources

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Dr. No - The search for James Bond. Because James Bond was not that well known in 1961, the producers Cubby Broccoli and Harry Saltzman originally sought to have a big name star as James Bond. Cary Grant was chosen for the role, but was not selected due to his commitment of only one feature film. Other actors purported to have been considered for the role include Patrick McGoohan (on the strength of his portrayal of spy John Drake in the TV series Danger Man), James Mason, and David Niven (who would later play an unofficial version of the character in th ...

See also:

Dr. No, Dr. No - The novel, Dr. No - Plot summary, Dr. No - Comic strip adaptation, Dr. No - The film, Dr. No - The search for James Bond, Dr. No - Themes, Dr. No - Plot summary, Dr. No - Cast & characters, Dr. No - Crew, Dr. No - Soundtrack, Dr. No - Vehicles & gadgets, Dr. No - Locations, Dr. No - Trivia, Dr. No - Comic book adaptation, Dr. No - Popular culture

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Orthostatic hypotension is a common cause of low blood pressure, resulting from a sudden change in body position. Reduced blood volume, called hypovolæmia, can also cause hypotension and often results from the use of diuretics or vasodilators such as nitric oxide or furosemide. It has been recorded as a side-effect of certain forms of anesthesia, such as curare, in which event it is often treated by the anesthesiologist. Another -- albeit rare -- form, is "post prandial hypotension," which occurs 30-75 minutes af ...

See also:

Hypotension, Hypotension - Causes, Hypotension - Indicators, Hypotension - Symptoms

Read more here: » Hypotension: Encyclopedia II - Hypotension - Causes

Before surgery, the anaesthesiologist or nurse anaesthetist will do a preanaesthetic evaluation to determine which drugs (including dosages), additional invasive monitors and/or analgesic therapies he or she will use. In this interview the anaesthesiologist will ask for the patient's age, weight, medical history, current medications, previous anesthetics, and other factors relevant to administering anesthesia. Often, the patient will fill in this information on a separate form when he comes to the hospital for his pre-operative evaluation. D ...

See also:

General anaesthesia, General anaesthesia - Preanaesthetic Evaluation, General anaesthesia - Monitoring, General anaesthesia - Administration of General Anaesthetic, General anaesthesia - Muscle Relaxation, General anaesthesia - Airway management

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The earliest known surgical procedure is trepanation, also known as trephinning or trepanning, in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the skull, leaving the membrane around the brain intact. A trepanned cranium found near Kiev, Ukraine, is the oldest yet found, dating back to 7300-6220 BC. Trepanation attempts to address health problems that relate to abnormal intracranial pressure, and has been found in cultures around the world. Modern surgery has b ...

See also:

Surgery, Surgery - History of surgery, Surgery - Development of modern surgery, Surgery - Diseases that can be treated by surgery, Surgery - Common surgical procedures, Surgery - Noted surgeons

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Some of the earliest evidence of advanced tool use includes remnants of an early type of dart, which can be considered the ancestor of arrows as well as bows (see Operation). Reconstructions of this system have a range of over one hundred yards (meters) and can penetrate several inches of oak. This technology was used worldwide from the Upper Palaeolithic (late Solutrean, ca. 18,000-16,000 BC) until the development of archery made it obsolete (see Replacement). See also:

Dart missile, Dart missile - Prehistory, Dart missile - Construction, Dart missile - Operation, Dart missile - Atlatl, Dart missile - Replacement by the arrow, Dart missile - Reconstructions, Dart missile - Other traditional darts, Dart missile - Thrown darts, Dart missile - Kestrosphendone, Dart missile - Siege engines, Dart missile - Blow darts, Dart missile - Rope dart, Dart missile - Swiss arrow, Dart missile - Modern darts, Dart missile - In religion

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Molecular biology has shown that the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors belong to distinct protein superfamilies. The nAChRs are ion channels, and, like other members of the "cys-loop" ligand-gated ion channel superfamily, are composed of five protein subunits arranged like staves around a barrel. The subunit composition is highly variable across different tissues. Each channel contains two alpha subunits, a beta, a gamma, and a delta. Binding of acetylcholine to the N termini of each of the alpha subunits results in activation of the ...

See also:

Acetylcholine receptor, Acetylcholine receptor - Classification, Acetylcholine receptor - Receptor types, Acetylcholine receptor - Role in health and disease

Read more here: » Acetylcholine receptor: Encyclopedia II - Acetylcholine receptor - Receptor types

Contact or absorption of poisons can cause rapid death or impairment. Agents that act on the nervous system can paralyze in seconds or less, and include both biologically derived neurotoxins and so-called nerve gases, which may be synthesized for warfare or industry. Inhaled or ingested cyanide as used as method of execution on US gas chambers almost instantly starves the body of energy by poisoning mitochondria and the synthesis of ATP. Intravenous injection of an unnaturally high concentration of potassium chloride, such as in the executio ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Biological poisoning

ICD-10 codes have been provided where available. Poison - Corrosives T54. Corrosives mechanically damage biological systems on contact. Both the sensation and injury caused by contact with a corrosive resembles a burn injury. Strong inorganic acids, such as concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid or hydrochloric acid, destroy any biological tissue with which they ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - By mechanism

The novel marks the first time a number of James Bond signature elements are used. It's the first novel in which Bond uses his signature Walther PPK handgun and also the first time Major Boothroyd (a.k.a. Q, the armourer) appears, although Bond's first gadget was in the previous novel, From Russia with Love. The plot of the novel and the film are very similar, only differing when elements from the previous novels are referenced, primarily From Russia with Love and Live and Let Die. See also:

Dr. No, Dr. No - The novel, Dr. No - Plot summary, Dr. No - Comic strip adaptation, Dr. No - The film, Dr. No - The search for James Bond, Dr. No - Themes, Dr. No - Plot summary, Dr. No - Cast & characters, Dr. No - Crew, Dr. No - Soundtrack, Dr. No - Vehicles & gadgets, Dr. No - Locations, Dr. No - Trivia, Dr. No - Comic book adaptation, Dr. No - Popular culture

Read more here: » Dr. No: Encyclopedia II - Dr. No - The novel

Poison - Background. Poisoning is the fourth most common cause of accidents in children. Children less than 5 years of age and adolescent are prone to poisoning. Accidental ingestions are most common in children less than 5 years old. Adolescent ingestions are a result of suicidal attempts or experimentation with illicit drugs. Self poisoning in a child older than 5 years old should be considered intentional! 90% of all poisonings occur at home, the most common site being the kitchen and the bathroom. Accidental ...

See also:

Poison, Poison - Biological poisoning, Poison - Poisoning in children, Poison - Background, Poison - Management, Poison - By mechanism, Poison - Corrosives T54, Poison - Metabolic poisons energy, Poison - Neurotoxins T44, Poison - Teratogens birth defects, Poison - Mutagens DNA damage, Poison - Carcinogens cancer, Poison - By source, Poison - Non-radioactive inorganic poisons, Poison - Organic poisons, Poison - Naturally produced poisons and toxins, Poison - Famous poisonings, Poison - Confirmed poisonings, Poison - Suspected or rumoured poisonings, Poison - Poisons in crime fiction, Poison - Novels, Poison - Plays, Poison - Films, Poison - Poison in other literary works, Poison - Novels

Read more here: » Poison: Encyclopedia II - Poison - Poisoning in children

Around the time of World War II, there was a great increase of inter-clan killings, resulting in the deaths of as many as 60% of the Huaorani. These killings were apparently revenge for a number of deaths that most likely resulted from the introduction of outside diseases. The Huaorani were also immensely hostile to outsiders on their land (mostly prospectors for foreign oil companies and their Quechua employees), resulting in the tribe being misnamed "Aucas ...

See also:

Huaorani, Huaorani - Name, Huaorani - Subdivision, Huaorani - Technology, Huaorani - Culture, Huaorani - Worldview, Huaorani - Weapons, Huaorani - Marriage, Huaorani - Recent history, Huaorani - Indigenist political reorganization, Huaorani - Land rights, Huaorani - Sources

Read more here: » Huaorani: Encyclopedia II - Huaorani - Recent history