Cumae

Cumae (Cuma, in Italian) is an ancient Greek settlement lying to the northwest of Naples in the Italian region of Campania. The settlement is believed to have been founded in the 8th century BC by Greeks from the city of Cuma and Chalkis in Euboea upon the earlier dwellings of indigenous, Iron-Age peoples whom they supplanted. Eusebius placed Cumae's Greek foundation at 1050 BC. Its name comes from the Greek word Kymé, meaning wave - perhaps in reference to the big wav ...

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The Cimmerian Sibyl, was the prophetic priestess presiding over the Apollonian Oracle at Cimmerium in Italy, near Lake Avernus (i.e. Cumae). This sibyl may have been a doublet for the Cumaean since the designation Cimmerian refers to priestesses who lived underground near Lake Avernus. An oracular shrine dedicated to Apollo, as at Delphi, stood on the Acropolis of Cumae. An underground Roman road ran from the southeastern part of Cuma ...

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Capua (modern Santa Maria Capua Vetere) was the chief ancient city of Campania, and one of the most important towns of ancient Italy, situated 25 km (16 mi) north of Neapolis, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain. Capua - History. The name of Capua comes from the Etruscan, Capue. The meaning remains unknown. Its foundation is attributed by Cato the Elder to the Etruscans, and the date given as about 260 years before it was "taken" by Rome. If this be referred, not to its capture ...

Including:

• Capua - History
• Capua - Remains
• Capua - Amphitheatre
• Capua - Miscellaneous

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Avernus was an ancient name for a crater near Cumae (Cuma), Italy in the Region of Campania north of Naples. Within the crater is Lake Avernus (Lago d'Averno). It was believed to be the entrance to the underworld, and is portrayed as such in the Aeneid of Virgil. In later times, the word was simply an alternate name for the underworld. On the shores of the Lake is the grotto of the Cumaean Sybil and the entrance to a long tunnel (Grotta di Cocceio, ca. 800 meters) leading toward Cumae, where her sanctuary was located. There are also t

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In Roman mythology, Achates was a close friend of Aeneas. He accompanied him throughout his adventures, and led him to the Sibyl of Cumae, remarkable for, and a perennial type of, fidelity. The Royal Navy (United Kingdom) named the HMS Achates, an A class destroyer sunk during World War II, after the mythical character Achates. Virgil I, 188, 312; VI, 34, 158. ...

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The Cumaean Sibyl was the priestess presiding over the Apollonian oracle at Cumae, a Greek colony located near Naples, Italy. The word Sibyl comes (via Latin) from the ancient Greek word sibylla, meaning prophetess. There were many Sibyls in the ancient world, but because of the importance of the Cumaean Sibyl in the legends of early Rome, she became one of the most noted and famous, often simply referred to as The Sibyl. In the art of Michelangelo (shown to the right) and other painters, her powerful presence overshadows every other Sibyl, even her younger an ...

Including:

• Cumaean Sibyl - The cave at Cumae
• Cumaean Sibyl - Ancient Roman prophecies
• Cumaean Sibyl - Medieval Christianity
• Cumaean Sibyl - Literature
• Cumaean Sibyl - Stories recounted in Virgil's Æneid
• Cumaean Sibyl - Stories recounted in Ovid's Metamorphoses

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 - Ranked  - Density Campania is a region of Southern Italy, bordering on Lazio to the north-west, Molise to the north, Puglia to the north-east, Basilicata to the east, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The region covers 13,595 km² and has a population of 5.7 million. The name derives from Latin, as it was called by Romans Campania felix ("fortunate countryside"), a name that is shared by the French province of Champagne.< ...

Including:

• Campania - History
• Campania - Demographics

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Publius Vergilius Maro (October 15, 70 BC–19 BC), known in English as Virgil or Vergil, is a Latin poet, the author of the Eclogues, the Georgics and the Aeneid, the last being an epic poem of twelve books that became the Roman Empire's national epic. Virgil - Life. Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul (Gaul south of the Alps; present-day northern Italy). Virgil was of non-Roman Italian ancestry, which he alluded to and defended in the < ...

Including:

• Virgil - Life
• Virgil - Early works
• Virgil - Composition of the Aeneid and death
• Virgil - Later views of Virgil
• Virgil - Mysticism and hidden meanings
• Virgil - Virgil's name in English
• Virgil - List of works
• Virgil - Bibliography

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The word sibyl comes (via Latin) from the Greek word sibylla, meaning prophetess. The earlier oracular seeresses known as the sibyls of antiquity prophesied at certain holy sites, probably all of pre-Indo-European origin, under the divine influence of a deity, originally one of the chthonic earth-goddesses. Later in antiquity, sibyls wandered from place to place. The mark of a Sibyl possessed with the second sight is the gift to be able to ...

Including:

• Sibyl - The number of Sibyls
• Sibyl - The later Sibyls
• Sibyl - Sibylline books

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Hades (Greek: ᾍδης - Hadēs or Ἅιδης - Háidēs) ("unseen") means both the ancient Greek abode of the dead and the god of that underworld. The word originally referred to just the god; haidou, its genitive, was short for "the house of Hades", and eventually the nominative, too, came to designate the abode of the dead. (A related Hebrew word, She'Ol, for the abode ...

Including:

• Hades - Hades: the place
• Hades - Hades: the entity
• Hades - Worship
• Hades - Hades in art
• Hades - Persephone
• Hades - Orpheus and Eurydice
• Hades - Minthe and Leuce
• Hades - Theseus and Pirithous
• Hades - Heracles
• Hades - Other names
• Hades - Usages in the New Testament
• Hades - Other usages
• Hades - Hades in Neopaganism

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The Sibylline Books or Sibyllae were a collection of oracular utterances, set out in Greek hexameters, purchased from a sibyl by the semi-legendary last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, and consulted at momentous crises through the history of the Republic and the Empire. The Sibylline Books should not be confused with the so-called Sibylline Oracles, twelve books of pretended prophesies, written after the fact, or Vaticinia ex eventu (compare additions to the Book of Daniel); t ...

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The Aeneid is a Latin epic written by Virgil in the 1st century BCE (between 29 and 19 BCE) that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who traveled to Italy where he became the ancestor of the Romans. It is written in dactylic hexameter. Roman Mythology Jupiter Mars Quirinus Divus Julius Divus Augustus Juno Vesta Minerva Mercury Vulcan Ceres Venus Diana Lares Fortun ...

Including:

• Aeneid - Form and tradition
• Aeneid - Influence
• Aeneid - Story
• Aeneid - Context
• Aeneid - The history of the Aeneid

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Both the Latin and Greek Churches mention a holy martyr Juliana in their lists of saints. The oldest historical notice of her is found in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum for 16 February, her place of birth being given as Cumae in Campania ("In Campania Cumbas, natale Julianae"). It is true that the reference is contained only in the single chief manuscript of the above-named martyrology (the Codex Epternacensis). It is nevertheless clear that the notice is certainly authentic, from a letter of Saint Gregory the Gr ...

See also:

Juliana of Nicomedia, Juliana of Nicomedia - Historical background, Juliana of Nicomedia - The Legend, Juliana of Nicomedia - Later History, Juliana of Nicomedia - Literature, Juliana of Nicomedia - External References

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Caesar was elected quaestor by the Assembly of the People in 70 BC, at the age of 30, as stipulated in the Roman cursus honorum. This office brought with it membership in the senate. He drew the lots and was assigned with a quaestorship in Hispania Ulterior, a Roman province roughly situated in modern Portugal and southern Spain. As an administrative and financial officer, the trip was largely uneventful, but while in Hispania he had the now famous encounter with a statue of Alexander the Great. Perhaps because of his weakened emotion ...

See also:

Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

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The history of the island is for the most part that of its two principal cities, Chalcis and Eretria. Both cities were Ionian settlements from Attica, and their importance in early times is shown by their numerous colonies in Magna Graecia and Sicily, such as Cumae, Rhegium and Naxos, and on the coast of Macedonia. In this way they opened new trade routes to the Greeks, and extended the field of western civilization. How great their commerce was is shown by the fact that the Euboic scale of weights and measures was in use in Athens un ...

See also:

Euboea, Euboea - Geography, Euboea - History, Euboea - Historic population, Euboea - Economics, Euboea - Transportation, Euboea - Communications, Euboea - Television, Euboea - Provinces, Euboea - Municipalities and communities, Euboea - Persons, Euboea - Sporting teams

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The tale of the rex Nemorensis is told in a number of ancient sources. The Latin name of the priesthood is given by Suetonius who mentions in passing in his account of Caligula: Nemorensi regi, quod multos iam annos poteretur sacerdotio, ualidiorem aduersarium subornauit: "He caused the king of Nemi, who had held his priesthood for many years, to be supplanted by a stronger adversary." Ovid, also, gives a poetic account of the priesthood of Nemi in his Fasti, book III, noting that the lake of Nemi was "sacred to antique ...

See also:

Rex Nemorensis, Rex Nemorensis - A priest who slew his predecessor, Rex Nemorensis - Ancient sources of the story, Rex Nemorensis - More recent interpretations

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When king Tarquin was approached by the Cumaean Sibyl, she offered him nine books of prophecy at an exorbitant price. Tarquin refused abruptly, and the Sibyl proceeded to burn three of the nine. She then offered him the remaining books, but at the same price. Tarquin hesitated, but refused again. The Sibyl then burned three more books and again offered Tarquin the three remaining Sibylline Books at the original price. At last Tarquin accepted. The books were consulted at many portentous moments in Roman history. For example, when Hannibal de ...

See also:

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus - Reign, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus - Deposition

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In the course of its history, the Latin alphabet was adapted for use for new languages, some of which had phonemes which were not used in languages previously written with this alphabet, and therefore extensions were created as needed. These take the form of modified symbols by changing the shape or adding diacritics, by joining several letters together as ligatures, or by completely new forms. These new forms are given a place in the alphabet by defining a collating sequence. This is language dependent as shown in the pertinent section below. See also:

Latin alphabet, Latin alphabet - Overview, Latin alphabet - Letters of the alphabet, Latin alphabet - Extensions, Latin alphabet - Other letters, Latin alphabet - Ligatures, Latin alphabet - Diacritics, Latin alphabet - Evolution, Latin alphabet - Medieval and later developments, Latin alphabet - Spread of the Latin alphabet, Latin alphabet - Collating sequence with extensions

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The Waste Land - Writing. Eliot probably started work on the poem that was to become The Waste Land late 1920 or early in 1921. On 7 February, 1921, Wyndham Lewis told Sidney Schiff that he had seen a new long poem of Eliot's, in four parts, and marking a new departure in style. In May that year, Eliot told John Quinn that he wanted to finish a long poem that was still incomplete. Richard Aldington in his book of memoirs Life for Life's Sake relates that "a year or so" before Eliot read him t ...

See also:

The Waste Land, The Waste Land - Composition history, The Waste Land - Writing, The Waste Land - Editing, The Waste Land - Publishing history, The Waste Land - The Manuscript Drafts of the Poem, The Waste Land - Structure, The Waste Land - Style, The Waste Land - Sources, The Waste Land - Critical reception, The Waste Land - Bibliography

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Due to the long-term diglossy between Latin and Greek, Medieval Greek borrowed various linguistic elements from the Latin language, part of which survived in Modern Greek. A number of Latin words and popular phrases can be traced in Medieval Greek are the following (bold marking signifies assimilation to the language and survival to Modern Greek): Common phrases: άνω φηλικίσιμε! < Annos Felicissimos! βαίνε < Bene (Venisti!) του βίκας! < tu vincas! ιν μούλτος άννος! < i ...

See also:

Medieval Greek, Medieval Greek - History, Medieval Greek - Evolution from Hellenistic to Medieval Koine, Medieval Greek - Vocabulary, Medieval Greek - Phonology

Read more here: » Medieval Greek: Encyclopedia II - Medieval Greek - Vocabulary