The culture of human beings can be defined as follows: One common understanding of culture is to see it as consisting of three elements: values, social norms, and artifacts. Values are ideas about what is important. Norms are expectations of how people ought to behave. Each human culture has different methods, often called laws and legal systems, of describing and enforcing its norms, though there are unwritten expectations and informal sanctions too. Artifacts – things, or material culture – derive from the culture's value ...

Including:

Culture of human beings - Language Culture of human beings - Race and ethnicity Culture of human beings - Religion
Culture of human beings - Animism Culture of human beings - Mysticism Culture of human beings - Polytheism Culture of human beings - Monotheism
Culture of human beings - Humanism Culture of human beings - Society

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Culture of human beings, Culture of human beings - Language, Culture of human beings - Race and ethnicity, Culture of human beings - Religion, Culture of human beings - Animism, Culture of human beings - Mysticism, Culture of human beings - Polytheism, Culture of human beings - Monotheism, Culture of human beings - Humanism, Culture of human beings - Society

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The faculty of speech may be a defining feature of humanity, probably predating phylogenetic separation of the modern population. (See Proto-World language, Origins of language.) Language is central to the communication between humans. The Hebrew word for "animal" (behemah) means "mute", defining humans as the "speaking animal" (animal loquens), though some scientists argue that non-human animals are able to use language too, and that non-human primates are able to learn human sign language [1] [2] (pdf), a subject of ongoing controversy among linguists. Language can be central to the sen ...

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Culture of human beings, Culture of human beings - Language, Culture of human beings - Race and ethnicity, Culture of human beings - Religion, Culture of human beings - Animism, Culture of human beings - Mysticism, Culture of human beings - Polytheism, Culture of human beings - Monotheism, Culture of human beings - Humanism, Culture of human beings - Society

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In some animistic worldviews found in hunter-gatherer cultures, the human being is often regarded as on a roughly equal footing with animals, plants, and natural forces. Therefore, it is morally imperative to treat these agents with respect. In this worldview, humans are considered a denizen, or part, of nature, rather than superior to or separate from it. In such societies, ritual is considered essential for survival as it wins the favor of the spirits of one's source of food, shelter, and fertility and wards off malevolent spirits. In more ...

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Animism, Animism - Overview, Animism - Origins, Animism - Plant souls, Animism - Object souls, Animism - Animism and death, Animism - Evil spirits, Animism - Differences between animism and religion, Animism - Animism and the origin of religion, Animism - Animism and mythology, Animism - Animism in philosophy, Animism - Tylor, Animism - List of phenomena believed to lead to animism, Animism - The new animism

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In most countries, animals are chattel - property. They have no rights, including a right to life or bodily integrity, save that it is a crime to be "cruel" to them in many jurisdictions. One notable exception is Rhode Island, which in 2001 became the first state to pass a law recasting "animal owners" as "animal guardians" in animal legislation. Although described by some as a mere "feel good" exercise, others believe that viewing animals legally as living, feeling beings instead of property has been a "huge step in promoting human c ...

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Speciesism, Speciesism - Terminology, Speciesism - Reasons why animals and people have different status at present, Speciesism - Supporters and critics, Speciesism - Cultural views, Speciesism - Animal status around the world, Speciesism - Animal legal rights proposals, Speciesism - In science fiction

Read more here: » Speciesism: Encyclopedia II - Speciesism - Animal status around the world

For treatments of the vampire legend in fiction, see Vampire fiction. Vampires are mythical or folkloric creatures, typically held to be the re-animated corpses of human beings and said to subsist on human and/or animal blood (hematophagy), often having unnatural powers, heightened bodily functions, and/or the ability to physically transform. Some cultures have myths of non-human vampires, such as demons or animals like bats, dogs, and spiders. Vampires are often described as having a variety of additional powers and character traits, extremely variable in different traditions, and are a frequent subject ...

Including:

Vampire - Etymology Vampire - Vampires in ancient cultures Vampire - Folk beliefs in vampires
Vampire - Slavic vampires Vampire - Romanian vampires Vampire - Roma and vampires Vampire - Other Old World vampires Vampire - New World Vampire - Asia and the Pacific
Vampire - Eighteenth century vampire controversy Vampire - Contemporary belief in vampires Vampire - Traits of vampires Vampire - Natural phenomena that propagate the vampire myth
Vampire - Pathology and vampirism Vampire - Finding vampires in graves Vampire - Vampire bats
Vampire - Vampires in fiction Vampire - Sources

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Twins, triplets and multiple births occur with to varying degrees in most animal species, although the term is most applicable to species in the Placentalia subclass. A multiple birth, for human beings, results when more than one human baby is born from a single pregnancy. Multiple birth - Classification. The most common form of human multiple birth is twins (two babies), but cases of triplets (three), quadruplets (four), quintuplets (five), sextuplets (six), septuplets (seven), and octuplets (eight) have a ...

Including:

Multiple birth - Classification Multiple birth - Human multiple births
Multiple birth - Causes and frequency Multiple birth - Risks Multiple birth - Cultural aspects Multiple birth - List of famous multiple births Multiple birth - Fictional multiple births

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The term breast, also known by the Latin mamma in anatomy, refers to the upper ventral region of an animal's torso, particularly that of mammals, including human beings. In addition, the breasts are parts of a female mammal's body which contain the organs that secrete milk used to feed infants. This article focuses on human female breasts, but it should be noted that male humans also have breasts (although usually less prominant) and are born with the main milk ducts intact. While the mammary glands ...

Including:

Breast - Anatomy of the female breast
Breast - Lymphatic drainage
Breast - Function Breast - Size shape and composition Breast - Development Breast - Terminology Breast - Cultural status Breast - Disorders of the breasts
Breast - Infections and inflammations Breast - Benign breast disease Breast - Malignant breast disease

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A whip is a tapered flexible length of either a single cord or plaited (braided) leather or other material, commonly with a stiff handle. Whips are used to produce a loud sharp sound—a "crack"—to drive or direct livestock or harnessed animals. When rapidly shaken at the base, whips "crack" and make a loud noise because their tails have broken the sound barrier. Other devices made of straps and used to strike human beings or animals as a means of control or punishment or torture are sometimes also called whips—though they do not crack. These may include riding crops, hor ...

Including:

Whip - Stock whips Stockwhips Whip - Florida stockwhip Whip - Signal whips Whip - Snake whips Whip - Crops and horse whips Whip - Popular Culture

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Crash test dummies are full-scale replicas of human beings, weighted and articulated to simulate the behavior of a human body in a vehicle mishap, and instrumented to record as much data as possible on variables such as speed of impact, crushing force, bending, folding, or torque of the body, and deceleration rates during a collision. In modern times, they remain indispensable in the development of new makes and models of all types of vehicles, from family sedans to fighter aircraft. This article focuses on the role of crash test dumm ...

Including:

Crash test dummy - The need for testing Crash test dummy - Cadaver testing Crash test dummy - Volunteer testing Crash test dummy - Animal testing Crash test dummy - Dummy evolution Crash test dummy - The Hybrid III family Crash test dummy - The test process Crash test dummy - Hybrid's successors Crash test dummy - The future of the dummy Crash test dummy - Crash test dummies in popular culture

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The indigenous peoples of Australia can be classified into hundreds of language groups and clans. For this reason it is incorrect to classify any attribute as universal to them as a whole. However, almost all the belief systems found seem to be what can be considered a polytheistic, animistic religion. The following are individual religious stories from a plethora of cultures across the continent. Where possible, the ...

Read more here: » Australian Aboriginal mythology: Encyclopedia - Australian Aboriginal mythology

The idea of speciesism is used mostly by advocates of animal rights, who believe that it is irrational or morally wrong, and who disapprove of anthropocentric ethics or discrimination against non-human animals by human beings. Ingrid Newkirk, the founder of PETA, writes: ""How dare you compare my ancestors' subjugation to the subjugation of cows prodded down the slaughter line to their deaths?!" I can, because it is right to do so and wrong to reject the concept ... Generally speaking, mustn't rhinos think that rhino sufferin ...

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Speciesism, Speciesism - Terminology, Speciesism - Reasons why animals and people have different status at present, Speciesism - Supporters and critics, Speciesism - Cultural views, Speciesism - Animal status around the world, Speciesism - Animal legal rights proposals, Speciesism - In science fiction

Read more here: » Speciesism: Encyclopedia II - Speciesism - Supporters and critics

The term "animal product" in a vegan context refers to material derived from non-human animals for human use or consumption. Human breast milk, for example, is acceptable when used for human babies, but by comparison, when a human being drinks a cow's milk, it is regarded as the consumption of an "animal product." Animal products include meat (including poultry and edible marine fish and shellfish), eggs, dairy products, fur, leather, wool, pearls, mother of pearl, and byproducts such as gelatin, lanolin, rennet, and whey as well as items derived fro ...

See also:

Veganism, Veganism - Definition, Veganism - Animal products, Veganism - Motivation, Veganism - Ethics, Veganism - Health, Veganism - Environmental considerations, Veganism - Sexual and feminist motives, Veganism - Vegan cuisine, Veganism - Similar diets and lifestyles, Veganism - Vegan nutrition, Veganism - Cultural aspects, Veganism - Criticism and controversy, Veganism - Ethical criticism, Veganism - Health criticism, Veganism - Notes

Read more here: » Veganism: Encyclopedia II - Veganism - Animal products

A key sexual behavior throughout the entire animal kingdom is the seeking of a sex partner. Humans are no exception to this rule. A sexual encounter can be the result of the sending signals indicating readiness for sex, and being receptive to reciprocal signals. Or, it might be the result of years of planning, through the use of cultural rituals such as courtship and marriage. Human sexual behavior - The search for a partner. Before having sex wi ...

See also:

Human sexual behavior, Human sexual behavior - Sexuality and sensuality, Human sexual behavior - Desire and fantasy, Human sexual behavior - Sexual relationships, Human sexual behavior - Norms and rules, Human sexual behavior - Danger of causing pregnancy and how to avoid, Human sexual behavior - Danger of sexually transmitted diseases and how to avoid, Human sexual behavior - Seeking a partner, Human sexual behavior - The search for a partner, Human sexual behavior - Encounters between potential partners, Human sexual behavior - Personal prerequisites to having sex with someone, Human sexual behavior - No prerequisites, Human sexual behavior - Blood test as a prerequisite for sex, Human sexual behavior - Dating as a prerequisite for sex, Human sexual behavior - Falling in love as a prerequisite for sex, Human sexual behavior - Marriage as a prerequisite for sex, Human sexual behavior - Sex acts and practices, Human sexual behavior - Different-gender sexual practices, Human sexual behavior - Same-gender sexual practices, Human sexual behavior - Legal issues

Read more here: » Human sexual behavior: Encyclopedia II - Human sexual behavior - Seeking a partner

A key sexual behavior throughout the entire animal kingdom is the seeking of a sex partner. Humans are no exception to this rule. A sexual encounter can be the result of the sending signals indicating readiness for sex, and being receptive to reciprocal signals. Or, it might be the result of years of planning, through the use of cultural rituals such as courtship and marriage. Human sexual behavior - The search for a partner. Before having sex wi ...

See also:

Human sexual behavior, Human sexual behavior - Sexuality and sensuality, Human sexual behavior - Desire and fantasy, Human sexual behavior - Sexual relationships, Human sexual behavior - Norms and rules, Human sexual behavior - Danger of causing pregnancy and how to avoid, Human sexual behavior - Danger of sexually transmitted diseases and how to avoid, Human sexual behavior - Seeking a Partner, Human sexual behavior - The search for a partner, Human sexual behavior - Encounters between potential partners, Human sexual behavior - Personal prerequisites to having sex with someone, Human sexual behavior - No prerequisites, Human sexual behavior - Blood test as a prerequisite for sex, Human sexual behavior - Dating as a prerequisite for sex, Human sexual behavior - Falling in love as a prerequisite for sex, Human sexual behavior - Marriage as a prerequisite for sex, Human sexual behavior - Sex acts and practices, Human sexual behavior - Different-gender sexual practices, Human sexual behavior - Same-gender sexual practices, Human sexual behavior - Legal issues

Read more here: » Human sexual behavior: Encyclopedia II - Human sexual behavior - Seeking a Partner

Typically, sexual attraction refers to a person being drawn to another in order to have a sexual relationship. The concrete meaning of a sexual relationship differs across cultures and history. Because human social behavior is often highly complex, a sexual relationship may entail one which, at its beginning, has little or no sexual behavior, and only after a period of time, which can be a courtship period, o ...

See also:

Sexual attraction, Sexual attraction - Sexual attraction in animals, Sexual attraction - Common elements of sexual attraction in humans, Sexual attraction - Factors determining sexual attraction to human females, Sexual attraction - Factors determining sexual attraction to human males, Sexual attraction - Personality and sexual attractiveness, Sexual attraction - Other aspects

Read more here: » Sexual attraction: Encyclopedia II - Sexual attraction - Common elements of sexual attraction in humans

Typically, sexual attraction refers to a person being drawn to another in order to have a sexual relationship. The concrete meaning of a sexual relationship differs across cultures and history. Because human social behavior is often highly complex, a sexual relationship may entail one which, at its beginning, has little or no sexual behavior, and only after a period of time, which can be a courtship period, o ...

See also:

Sexual attraction, Sexual attraction - Sexual attraction in animals, Sexual attraction - Common elements of sexual attraction in humans, Sexual attraction - Factors determining sexual attraction to human females, Sexual attraction - Factors determining sexual attraction to human males, Sexual attraction - Other aspects

Read more here: » Sexual attraction: Encyclopedia II - Sexual attraction - Common elements of sexual attraction in humans

Coprophagous insects consume and redigest the feces of large animals; these feces contain substantial amounts of semi-digested food. (Herbivore digestive systems are especially inefficient.) Many species exist, the most famous probably being the scarab, sacred in ancient Egypt, and the most ubiquitous being the fly. Pigs, like the above insects, will eat the feces of herbivores that leave a significant amount of semidigested matter. In certain cultures it was common for poor families to collect horse feces to feed their pigs. Pigs are ...

See also:

Coprophagia, Coprophagia - Evolved coprophagia, Coprophagia - Theories on Dogs, Coprophagia - Humans

Read more here: » Coprophagia: Encyclopedia II - Coprophagia - Evolved coprophagia

The long standing importance of the Ankh, and its deep symbolism to the dynastic Egyptians, lead to it being gradually adopted by the very early Christian church in Egypt (which eventually became the Coptic Church). This is highly significant, as it is almost certainly the genesis of the cross, as the central thematic symbol of the Christian religion. A kind of cross, the ankh, had long been a central religous symbol. It was non-anthropormorphic, not even animal-like. The gods had all been animal faced-human figures. Anknaton's benevolent su ...

See also:

Ankh, Ankh - Origins, Ankh - Usage and importance of dynastic ankh, Ankh - Origin of the Christian Cross traces back to Ankh in Egypt, Ankh - The Ankh in pop culture

Read more here: » Ankh: Encyclopedia II - Ankh - Origin of the Christian Cross traces back to Ankh in Egypt

Hunting can be an important tool for wildlife management. Hunting gives resource managers a valuable tool to control populations of some species that might otherwise exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other wildlife species, and in some instances, that of human health and safety [2]. Hunting reduces the annual crop of new animals and birds to allow the remaining animals sufficient feed and shelter to survive. Some environmentalists assert that introducing appropriate predator animals would achieve th ...

See also:

Hunting, Hunting - History, Hunting - Ancient roots, Hunting - Hunting in pastoral and agricultural societies, Hunting - Modern sport hunting, Hunting - National hunting traditions, Hunting - Shikar India, Hunting - Safari, Hunting - United Kingdom, Hunting - United States, Hunting - Wildlife management, Hunting - A Variety of Hunting methods, Hunting - Trophy hunting, Hunting - Economics of hunting, Hunting - Depictions in popular culture

Read more here: » Hunting: Encyclopedia II - Hunting - Wildlife management