Culture of fear is a term proposed in a variety of sociological theses, which argue that feelings of fear and anxiety predominate in contemporary public discourse and relationships, changing how we relate to one another as individuals and as democratic agents. Though each of these theses may provide different accounts for the sources and consequences of the trend they seek to describe, most share the basic claim that this is a relatively new phenomenon with important and potentially harmful implications. Culture of fear ...

Including:

• Culture of fear - Variations on the thesis
• Culture of fear - Constructed fear
• Culture of fear - Emergent fear
• Culture of fear - Lack of fear
• Culture of fear - Case studies

Read more here: » Culture of fear: Encyclopedia - Culture of fear

Several different social commentators have offered a Culture of Fear thesis, each with a distinctive emphasis. They may be categorised along a spectrum, from those which consider the phenomenon to be consciously directed - a deliberate policy of scaremongering - to those which treat it as arising spontaneously out of historical developments, as a reflexive response to other changes in human society. ...

See also:

Culture of fear, Culture of fear - Variations on the thesis, Culture of fear - Constructed fear, Culture of fear - Emergent fear, Culture of fear - Lack of fear, Culture of fear - Case studies

Read more here: » Culture of fear: Encyclopedia II - Culture of fear - Variations on the thesis

Fear is an unpleasant feeling of perceived risk or danger, whether it be real or imagined. Fear also can be described as a feeling of extreme dislike to some conditions/objects, such as: fear of darkness, fear of ghosts, etc. It is one of the basic emotions. Acceptance Anger Anticipation Boredom Disgust Envy Fear Guilt Hate Hope Joy Jealousy Love Remorse
Including:

• Fear - Degrees of fear
• Fear - Distrust
• Fear - Paranoia
• Fear - Terror
• Fear - Expression
• Fear - Facial
• Fear - Cause of fear

Read more here: » Fear: Encyclopedia - Fear

Political bias has been a feature of the mass media since its birth with the invention of the printing press. The expense of early printing equipment restricted media production to a limited number of people. Historians have found that publishers often served the interests of large or powerful social groups. John Milton's pamphlet Areopagitica, a Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing, published in 1644, wa ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - History of bias in the mass media

Almost all issues in security are related to money and cost. Implementing security measures, even ineffective ones, costs money. This money could be used for other purposes including, but not limited to, effective security measures. It is also likely to create restrictions on people and behaviour, since the activity needed for effective theatre often goes hand in hand with intrusions into liberty and privacy, or simply disru ...

See also:

Security theatre, Security theatre - Definition of security theatre, Security theatre - Disadvantages of security theatre, Security theatre - Benefits of security theatre, Security theatre - Examples of security theatre, Security theatre - Avoiding security theatre, Security theatre - Notes

Read more here: » Security theatre: Encyclopedia II - Security theatre - Disadvantages of security theatre

"Liberal media" is a common phrase used in American political discourse to express the view that the American media generally has a liberal bias. The expression is frequently used by critics of the network news shows of CBS, ABC, and NBC, as well as major newspapers and newswires, especially the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Boston Globe, and Washington Post, as well as the Associated Press. People who use the phrase "liberal bias" believe that liberal biases are evident in both the choice (what stories are favored, or "played," ...

See also:

Media bias in the United States, Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show liberal bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples, Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show conservative bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples, Media bias in the United States - Opposing views, Media bias in the United States - History, Media bias in the United States - Conclusion, Media bias in the United States - Organizations monitoring bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples/Sources, Media bias in the United States - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias in the United States: Encyclopedia II - Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show liberal bias

The term was coined by Stanley Cohen in 1972 to describe media coverage of Mods and Rockers in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. A factor in moral panic is the deviancy amplification spiral, the phenomenon defined by media critics as an increasing cycle of reporting on a category of antisocial behavior or other undesirable events. While the term moral panic is relatively recent, many social scientists point to the Middletown studies, first conducted in 1925, as containing the first in-depth study of this phenomenon. In these stu ...

See also:

Moral panic, Moral panic - Origins, Moral panic - Examples

Read more here: » Moral panic: Encyclopedia II - Moral panic - Origins

Examples of bias in America are almost as old as newspapers, and predate the United States. In 1728 Benjamin Franklin, writing under the pseudonym "Busy-Body", wrote an article for the American Weekly Mercury advocating the printing of more paper money. He did not mention that his own printing company hoped to get the job of printing the money. It is an indication of the complexity of the issue of bias when we note that, even though he stood to profit by printing the money, Franklin also seems to have genuinely believed that printing more money would stimulate trade. As his biographer Walter Isaacson points ou ...

See also:

Media bias in the United States, Media bias in the United States - History, Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show liberal bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples, Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show conservative bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples, Media bias in the United States - Bias in the comics, Media bias in the United States - Opposing views, Media bias in the United States - Conclusion, Media bias in the United States - Organizations monitoring bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples/Sources, Media bias in the United States - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias in the United States: Encyclopedia II - Media bias in the United States - History

H5N1 is a type of avian influenza virus (bird flu virus) that has mutated[7] through antigenic drift into dozens of highly pathogenic varieties, but all currently belonging to genotype Z of avian influenza virus H5N1. Genotype Z emerged through reassortment in 2002 from earlier highly pathogenic genotypes of H5N1[8] that first appeared in China in 1996 in birds and i ...

See also:

H5N1, H5N1 - Transmission and infection, H5N1 - Global spread, H5N1 - Preparations for a potential influenza pandemic, H5N1 - Technical, H5N1 - Terminology, H5N1 - H5N1 virus structure

Read more here: » H5N1: Encyclopedia II - H5N1 - Technical

Fear can be described by different terms in accordance with its relative degrees. Fear covers a number of terms - terror, fright, paranoia, horror, persecution complex and dread. Fear - Distrust. A mild stage of fear, more like caution than fear. A lack of trust in an object or person. For example, having distrust in a rickety old bridge across a 10,000ft drop. < ...

See also:

Fear, Fear - Degrees of fear, Fear - Distrust, Fear - Paranoia, Fear - Terror, Fear - Expression, Fear - Facial, Fear - Cause of fear

Read more here: » Fear: Encyclopedia II - Fear - Degrees of fear

According to Reporters Without Borders, [5] the media in the United States are neither as good nor as bad as some with other views suggest. American media are ranked in the top twenty percent of nations, on the same level as media in Belgium, and only slightly below media in Canada, the Czech Republic, France, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, far below media in most European countries, but well above media in most Asian countries. According to Noam Chomsky, American commercial media encourage controversy within a narrow range of opinion, in order to give the impression of open de ...

See also:

Media bias in the United States, Media bias in the United States - History, Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show liberal bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples, Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show conservative bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples, Media bias in the United States - Bias in the comics, Media bias in the United States - Opposing views, Media bias in the United States - Conclusion, Media bias in the United States - Organizations monitoring bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples/Sources, Media bias in the United States - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias in the United States: Encyclopedia II - Media bias in the United States - Conclusion

Media bias is studied at schools of journalism, university departments (including Media studies, Cultural studies and Peace studies) and by many independent watchdog groups from various parts of the political spectrum. In the United States, many of these studies focus on issues of a conservative/liberal balance in the media. Other focuses include international differences in reporting, as well as bias in reporting of par ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias

One technique used to avoid bias is the "point/counterpoint" or "round table," an adversarial format in which representatives of opposing views comment on an issue. This approach theoretically allows diverse views to appear in the media. However, the person organizing the report still has the responsibility to choose people who really represent the breadth of opinion, to ask them non-prejudicial questions, and to edit or arbitrate their comments fairly. When done carelessly, a point/counterpoint can be as unfair as a simple biased report, by ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - Efforts to correct bias

Mass media, despite its ability to project worldwide, is limited in its cross-ethnic compatibility by one simple attribute -- language. Ethnicity, being largely developed by a divergence in geography, language, culture, genes and similarly, point of view, has the potential to be countered by a common source of information. Therefore, language, in the absence of translation, comprises a barrier to a worldwide community of debate and opinion, although it is also true that media within any given society may be split along class, political or regional lines. Furthermore, if the language is translated, the translator has ro ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - Role of language in media bias

The apparent bias of media is not always specifically political in nature. The news media tend to appeal to a specific audience, which means that stories that affect a large number of people on a global scale often receive less coverage in some markets than local stories, such as a public school shootings, a celebrity wedding, a plane crash, or similarly glamorous or shocking stories. For example, the deaths of millions of people in an ethnic conflict in Africa might be afforded scant mention in American media, while the shooting of five peo ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - Other influences

One technique used to avoid bias is the "point/counterpoint" or "round table," an adversarial format in which representatives of opposing views comment on an issue. This approach theoretically allows diverse views to appear in the media. However, the person organizing the report still has the responsiblity to choose people who really represent the breadth of opinion, to ask them non-prejudicial questions, and to edit or arbitrate their comments fairly. When done carelessly, a point/counterpoint can be as unfair as a simple biased report, by ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - Efforts to correct bias

Media bias towards religion is most obvious in countries where the media is controlled by the state, which is in turn dominated by a particular religion. In these instances, bias against other faiths can be explicit and virulent. But even in countries with freedom of religion and a free press, the dominant religion exerts some amount of influence on the media. In nations where Christianity is the majority faith, reporters tend to focus on the activities of the Christian community, to the exclusion of other faiths. But the opposite may ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - Media Bias and Religion

Many news organizations reflect or are perceived to reflect in some way the viewpoint of the geographic, ethnic, and national population that they primarily serve. Media within countries is sometimes seen as being sycophantic or unquestioning about the country's government. Western media is often criticized in the rest of the world (including eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East) as being pro-Western with regard to a variety of political, cultural and economic issues. Al Jazeera has been frequently cri ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint

Mainstream media organizations accused of slanted reporting often go to great lengths to defend their objectivity. In addition, some individuals maintain that there exists in the media a conservative bias, precise opposite to constant claims. Eric Alterman, author of What Liberal Media? The Truth About Bias and the News is one of those who argues against any significant liberal bias. Reviewer John Moe sums up Alterman's views: "The conservatives in the newspapers, television, talk radio, and the Republican party ar ...

See also:

Media bias in the United States, Media bias in the United States - History, Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show liberal bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples, Media bias in the United States - Claims that media in the United States show conservative bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples, Media bias in the United States - Bias in the comics, Media bias in the United States - Opposing views, Media bias in the United States - Conclusion, Media bias in the United States - Organizations monitoring bias, Media bias in the United States - Examples/Sources, Media bias in the United States - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias in the United States: Encyclopedia II - Media bias in the United States - Opposing views

Weblogs, or blogs, have become over the past few years a formidable screening tool against inaccuracies published by the big medias. Astute readers will look at the blogger's collective rant to discover the multiple facets of a news item, many not mentionned in the original article. Paradoxically, it is the overt and clearly stated bias of blogs that makes them look more honest, and therefore attractive, to readers. As their readership increases, the big media channels cannot ignore their influence and are forced to adapt. With incidents like the "rathergate" affair, blogs have alr ...

See also:

Media bias, Media bias - Types of bias, Media bias - Studies and theories of media bias, Media bias - Efforts to correct bias, Media bias - Blogs and media bias, Media bias - History of bias in the mass media, Media bias - Role of language in media bias, Media bias - National and ethnic viewpoint, Media bias - Media Bias and Religion, Media bias - Other influences, Media bias - Bibliography

Read more here: » Media bias: Encyclopedia II - Media bias - Blogs and media bias