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cryptography

A Wisdom Archive on cryptography

cryptography

A selection of articles related to cryptography

More material related to Cryptography can be found here:
YouTube Videos
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Cryptography
Index of Articles
related to
Cryptography
cryptography, Cryptography, Cryptography - Cryptanalysis, Cryptography - History of cryptography, Cryptography - Other topics, Cryptography - Public key cryptography, Cryptography - Secure communications, Cryptography - Symmetric key cryptography, Cryptography - Terminology, Topics in cryptography — an analytical list of articles and terms., Books on cryptography — an annotated list of suggested readings., List of cryptographers — an annotated list of cryptographers., Important publications in cryptography — some cryptography papers in computer science., Open problems in cryptography, List of cryptography topics — an alphabetical list of cryptography articles., Snake oil

ARTICLES RELATED TO cryptography

cryptography: Encyclopedia - 1976

1976 (MCMLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). 1976 - Events. January 12 - UN Security Council votes 11-1 to admit the Palestinian Liberation Organization January 15 - Would-be Gerald Ford presidential assassin Sara Jane Moore is sentenced to life in prison January 16 - Trial against jailed members of the Red Army Faction begins in Stuttgart, West Germany January 18 - The Scottish Labour Party ...

Including:

Read more here: » 1976: Encyclopedia - 1976

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Adversary
In cryptography, an adversary (rarely opponent, enemy) is a malicious entity whose aim is to prevent the users of the cryptosystem from achieving their goal (primarily privacy, integrity and availability of data). An adversary's efforts might take the form of attempting to discover secret data, corrupting some of the data in the system, spoofing the identity of a message sender or receiver, or forcing system downtime. Actual adversaries, as opposed to idealized ones, are referred to as attackers. Not surpri ...

Read more here: » Adversary: Encyclopedia - Adversary

cryptography: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation

Central processing unit - Integer precision. The way a CPU represents numbers is a design choice that affects the most basic ways in which the device functions. Some early digital computers used an electrical model of the common decimal (base ten) numeral system to represent numbers internally. A few other computers have used more exotic numeral systems like ternary (base three). Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form, with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "high" or "low" voltage. See also:

Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes

Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation

cryptography: Encyclopedia II - DNA - The history of DNA research

The discovery that DNA was the carrier of genetic information was a process that required many earlier discoveries. The existence of DNA was discovered in the mid 19th century. However, it was only in the early 20th century that researchers began suggesting that it might store genetic information. This was only accepted after the structure of DNA was elucidated by Watson and Crick in their 1953 Nature publication. Watson and Crick proposed the central dogma of molecular biology in 1957, describing the process whereby proteins are produced from nucleic DNA. ...

See also:

DNA, DNA - Overview, DNA - DNA in practice, DNA - DNA in crime, DNA - DNA in computation, DNA - Overview of molecular structure, DNA - The role of the sequence, DNA - DNA replication, DNA - Mechanical properties relevant to biology, DNA - Strands association and dissociation, DNA - Circular DNA, DNA - Great length versus tiny breadth, DNA - Entropic stretching behavior, DNA - Different helix geometries, DNA - Non-helical forms, DNA - Direction of DNA strands, DNA - Chemical nomenclature 5' and 3', DNA - Sense and antisense, DNA - Distinction between sense and antisense strands, DNA - As viewed by topologists, DNA - Single-stranded DNA ssDNA and repair of mutations, DNA - The history of DNA research, DNA - First isolation of DNA, DNA - Establishing a link between heritable traits and chromosomes, DNA - Discovery of the structure of DNA, DNA - Bibliography

Read more here: » DNA: Encyclopedia II - DNA - The history of DNA research

cryptography: Encyclopedia II - Collision - Physical collision

Collision - Dynamics. In physics, collision means the action of bodies striking or coming together (touching). Collisions involve forces (there is a change in velocity). Collisions can be elastic, meaning they conserve energy and momentum, inelastic, meaning they conserve momentum but not energy, or totally inelastic (or plastic), meaning they conserve momentum and the two objects stick together. The magnitude of the velocity difference at impact is called the closing speed. The field of dynamics is concerned with moving and colliding objects. ...

See also:

Collision, Collision - Physical collision, Collision - Dynamics, Collision - Billiards, Collision - Traffic, Collision - Attacks by means of a deliberate collision, Collision - Others, Collision - Telecommunications

Read more here: » Collision: Encyclopedia II - Collision - Physical collision

cryptography: Encyclopedia II - Computer insecurity - Security and systems design

Most current real-world computer security efforts focus on external threats, and generally treat the computer system itself as a trusted system. Some knowledgeable observers consider this to be a disastrous mistake, and point out that this distinction is the cause of much of the insecurity of current computer systems - once an attacker has subverted one part of a system without fine-grained security, he or she usually has access to most or all of the features of that system. Because computer systems are very complex, and cannot be guaranteed to be free ...

See also:

Computer insecurity, Computer insecurity - Security and systems design, Computer insecurity - Financial cost, Computer insecurity - Reasons, Computer insecurity - Vulnerabilities, Computer insecurity - Code exploits, Computer insecurity - Eavesdropping, Computer insecurity - Social engineering and human error, Computer insecurity - Denial of service attacks, Computer insecurity - Indirect attacks, Computer insecurity - Backdoors, Computer insecurity - Direct access attacks, Computer insecurity - Reducing vulnerabilities, Computer insecurity - Security measures, Computer insecurity - Difficulty with response, Computer insecurity - Further reading

Read more here: » Computer insecurity: Encyclopedia II - Computer insecurity - Security and systems design

cryptography: Encyclopedia II - Charles Babbage - Life

Charles Babbage was born in England most likely at 44 Crosby Row, Walworth Road, London. There is quite a discrepancy over the date of Babbage's birth. It was first published in The Times obituary as December 26, 1792. However, days later a nephew of Babbage wrote to say that Babbage was born precisely one year earlier, in 1791. Later evidence, from St. Mary's Newington, London, proved that Babbage was born on January 6, 1792. The reliabi ...

See also:

Charles Babbage, Charles Babbage - Life, Charles Babbage - Education, Charles Babbage - Marriage, Charles Babbage - Children, Charles Babbage - Design of computers, Charles Babbage - Difference engine, Charles Babbage - Printer, Charles Babbage - Analytical engine, Charles Babbage - Other accomplishments, Charles Babbage - Odd

Read more here: » Charles Babbage: Encyclopedia II - Charles Babbage - Life

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Anonymity

Anonymity is derived from the greek word ανωνυμία, meaning without a name or name-less. In colloquial use, the term typically refers to a person, and often means that the personal identity, or personally identifiable information of that person is not known. More strictly, and in reference to an arbitrary element (e.g. a human, an object, a computer), within a well-defined set (called the "anonymity set"), "anonymity" of that element refers to the property of that element of not being identifiable within this set. If it is not identifia ...

Including:

Read more here: » Anonymity: Encyclopedia - Anonymity

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Anarchist economics

Schools Anarcho-capitalism Anarcho-communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Christian anarchism Eco-anarchism Individualist anarchism Mutualism Anarchism in culture Anarchism and religion Anarchism and society Anarchism and the arts Anarcho-punk Anarchist theory Anarchism and capitalism Anarchism and Marxism Anarchist economics Anarchist law Anarchist symbolism Anarchism without adjectives P ...

Including:

Read more here: » Anarchist economics: Encyclopedia - Anarchist economics

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Anarcho-capitalism

Politics series Factions Minarchism Anarcho-capitalism Paleolibertarianism Neolibertarianism Left-libertarianism Influences Austrian School Classical liberalism Individualist anarchism Objectivism Mixed economy Ideas Liberty Free markets Capitalism Non-aggression Key issues Parties Economic views Vi ...

Including:

Read more here: » Anarcho-capitalism: Encyclopedia - Anarcho-capitalism

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Analysis

An analysis is a critical evaluation, usually made by breaking a subject (either material or intellectual) down into its constituent parts, then describing the parts and their relationship to the whole. See also analytic and synthesis and the Scientific Method. As such, it can be applied in many different fields of study: In philosophy: philosophical analysis In mathematics: mathematical analysis real analysis - real numbers complex analysis - holo ...

Read more here: » Analysis: Encyclopedia - Analysis

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Alice and Bob

Alice and Bob are conventional placeholder terms referring to common archetypal characters used in explanations in fields such as cryptography and physics. The names are used for convenience, since explanations such as "Person A wants to send a message to person B" rapidly become difficult to follow. The names are also said to be politically correct, as they represent both genders. The concrete motive for using such names was that it helps with writing because it gives the personal pronouns unambiguous meanings. The specific names wer ...

Including:

Read more here: » Alice and Bob: Encyclopedia - Alice and Bob

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Alternate reality game

An alternate reality game is a cross media game that deliberately blurs the line between the in-game and out-of-game experiences, often being used as a marketing tool for a product or service. While games may primarily be centered around online resources, often events that happen inside the game reality will "reach out" into the players' lives in order to bring them together. Elements of the plotline may be provided to the players in almost any form, some of those used have been: e-mail websites, both those obvio ...

Including:

Read more here: » Alternate reality game: Encyclopedia - Alternate reality game

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Applications of randomness

Randomness has many uses in gambling, divination, statistics, cryptography, art, etc. Note that these uses may have different requirements when it comes to statistical randomness or unpredictability, which in turn leads to different randomization methods. For example, applications in cryptography have strict requirements, whereas other uses (such as generating a "quote of the day") don't need more than "shallow" randomness. Applications of randomness - Early uses. Applications of randomness - ...

Including:

Read more here: » Applications of randomness: Encyclopedia - Applications of randomness

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Block cipher

In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation. When encrypting, a block cipher might take a (for example) 128-bit block of plaintext as input, and output a corresponding 128-bit block of ciphertext. The exact transformation is controlled using a second input — the secret key. Decryption is similar: the decryption algorithm takes a 128-bit block of ciphertext together with the secret key, and yields the original 128-bit block of plaintext. To encrypt messages longer than the block size (128 bits ...

Including:

Read more here: » Block cipher: Encyclopedia - Block cipher

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Bruce Schneier

Bruce Schneier (born January 15, 1963) is an American cryptographer, computer security specialist, and writer. He is the author of several books on computer security and cryptography, and is the founder and chief technology officer of Counterpane Internet Security[1]. Originally from New York, Schneier currently lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota with his wife Karen Cooper. Schneier has a Master's in computer science degree from American University and a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from the University of Rochester. Before Counterpane, he worked at the Un ...

Including:

Read more here: » Bruce Schneier: Encyclopedia - Bruce Schneier

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Berkeley Software Distribution

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD, sometimes called Berkeley Unix) is the Unix derivative distributed by the University of California, Berkeley starting in the 1970s. The name is also used collectively for the modern descendants of these distributions. BSD was widely identified with the versions of Unix available for workstation-class systems. This can be attributed to the ease with which it could be licensed and the familiarity it found among the founders of many technology companies during the 1980s. This fami ...

Including:

Read more here: » Berkeley Software Distribution: Encyclopedia - Berkeley Software Distribution

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Public-key cryptography

Public key cryptography is a form of cryptography which generally allows users to communicate securely without having prior access to a shared secret key. This is done by using a pair of cryptographic keys, designated as public key and private key, which are related mathematically. The term asymmetric key cryptography is a synonym for public key cryptography. In public key cryptography, the private key is generally kept secret, while the public key may be widely distributed. In a sense, one key "locks" a lock; while the other is required to unlock it. It should not be poss ...

Including:

Read more here: » Public-key cryptography: Encyclopedia - Public-key cryptography

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science an algorithm is a finite set of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will terminate in a corresponding recognizable end-state. Algorithms can be implemented by computer programs. Informally, the concept of an algorithm is often illustrated by the example of a recipe, although many algorithms are much more complex; algorithms often have steps that repeat (iterate) or require decisions (such as logic or comparison). The concept of algorithms was formalized in 1936 by Alan Turing's Turing machines and Alonzo Church's lambda c ...

Including:

Read more here: » Algorithm: Encyclopedia - Algorithm

cryptography: Encyclopedia - Applied mathematics

Applied mathematics is a branch of mathematics that concerns itself with the application of mathematical knowledge to other domains. Such applications include numerical analysis, mathematical physics, mathematics of engineering, linear programming, optimization and operations research, continuous modelling, mathematical biology and bioinformatics, information theory, game theory, probability and statistics, mathematical economics, financial mathematics, actuarial science, cryptography and hence combinatorics and even finite geometry to some extent, graph theory as applied to network anal ...

Read more here: » Applied mathematics: Encyclopedia - Applied mathematics

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