Encyclopedia - Critical Thinking: Encyclopedia Ii - Critical Thinking - Methods Of Critical Thinking
Critical thinking has a useful sequence to follow: Itemize opinion(s) from all relevant sides of an issue and collect Logical argument(s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Critical Thinking: Encyclopedia Ii - Critical Thinking - Methods Of Critical Thinking
Critical thinking has a useful sequence to follow: Itemize opinion(s) from all relevant sides of an issue and collect Logical argument(s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Critical Thinking: Encyclopedia Ii - Critical Thinking - Overview
Within the framework of skepticism, the process of critical thinking involves acquiring information and evaluating it to reach a well-jus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Critical Thinking: Encyclopedia - Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is a mental process of analyzing or evaluating information, particularly statements or propositions that are offered as...   » Read the article

Article - Positive Thinking: Climb Every Mountain, Search High And Low  
For the achievers, the need to dream beyond what is possible, passion for the job, enthusiasm and sense of purpose are the prime tasks...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thought: Encyclopedia - Thought
Thought or thinking is a mental process which allows beings to model the world, and so to deal with it effectively according to their goa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Critic: Encyclopedia - Critic
A critic (from Greek κριτικός, kritikós - one who discerns, from Ancient Greek κριτής, krités, a judge) is a person who o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Argumentation Theory: Encyclopedia - Argumentation Theory
Argumentation theory, or argumentation, is the science of effective civil debate or dialogue and the effective propagation thereof, using...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner
Rudolf Steiner (February 27, 1861, Murakirály, Hungary (today Donji Kraljevec, Croatia, (Medjimurje county) – March 30, 1925) was an A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Ruskin: Encyclopedia - John Ruskin
John Ruskin (February 8, 1819 – January 20, 1900) was an English author, poet and artist, although more famous for his work as art crit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Argumentum Ad Crumenam: Encyclopedia - Argumentum Ad Crumenam
Argumentum ad crumenam is a logical fallacy of thinking a conclusion is correct because the person making the argument is rich. Example:...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bullshit!: Encyclopedia - Bullshit!
Penn & Teller: Bullshit! (2003-) is a Showtime Channel TV program shown in the United States, hosted by professional magicians/comedi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vance Packard: Encyclopedia - Vance Packard
Vance Packard (May 22, 1914 - December 12, 1996) was an American journalist, social critic, and author. His million-selling book The Hidd...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cogito Ergo Sum: Encyclopedia - Cogito Ergo Sum
René Descartes' Latin statement "cogito, ergo sum" (traditionally translated as "I think, therefore I am", but more accurately as "I am ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fruitarianism: Encyclopedia - Fruitarianism
Fruitarians (or fructarians) are a subgroup of vegans who eat only the fruit of plants. This includes not only what one typically thinks ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Vegetarianism: Encyclopedia - Christian Vegetarianism
Christian vegetarianism is the dietary practice of vegetarianism or veganism based on the belief that Jesus Christ, the twelve apostles a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Club Of Rome: Encyclopedia - Club Of Rome
The Club of Rome is a global think tank that deals with a variety of international political issues. Club of Rome - Introduction. The C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Think Tank: Encyclopedia Ii - Think Tank - Criticism
Critics such as Ralph Nader have suggested that the private nature of the funding of think tanks may bias their resulting findings. Some ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Personality Disorder: Encyclopedia Ii - Personality Disorder - Current Thinking And Criticism
The DSM attempts to represent a consensus view of the members of the American Psychiatric Association. However, more so than in other par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Think Tank: Encyclopedia Ii - Think Tank - Types Of Think Tanks
Some think tanks are clearly aligned with conservative or pro-market approaches to the economy, while others, especially those with an em...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Think Tank: Encyclopedia Ii - Think Tank - History Of Think Tanks
Since "think tank" is a term that has only found use since the 1950s, there is still some debate over what constitutes the first think ta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Designer: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Designer - Who Does The Id Movement Think The Designer Is?
William Dembski states in his book Design Inference that the nature of the intelligent designer cannot be inferred from intelligent desig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Designer: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Designer - What Does The Id Movement Think The Designer Did?
Opinion as to the amount of creation the intelligent designer has done varies within the ID movement. Michael Behe's concept of irreducib...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Designer: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Designer - Criticism
Intelligent design has been presented by its proponents as a "big tent" strategy into which several accounts of creation can fit. Were a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Personality Disorder: Encyclopedia Ii - Personality Disorder - List Of Personality Disorders Defined In The Dsm
The DSM-IV lists ten personality disorders, which are grouped into three clusters: Cluster A (odd or eccentric disorders) Paranoid per...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - Critiques Of Anthroposophy
Some critics maintain that some anthroposophists tend to elevate Steiner's personal opinions to the level of absolute truths. Supporters ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Personality Disorder: Encyclopedia Ii - Personality Disorder - Dsm Criteria
Personality disorders are represented on Axis II of the diagnostic manual of the American Psychiatric Association, the Diagnostic and Sta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - Description
Anthroposophy, though appreciative of all religions and cultural developments, emphasizes recent Western (rather than older Hindu or Budd...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - Relationship To Natural Science
Anthroposophy explicitly extends natural science's mandate - to study the world as external observers (a mandate which has been shaken by...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - Applications
Practical results of Anthroposophy include work in: Architecture (Goetheanum), Biodynamic agriculture, Holistic Waldorf Education Astros...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - Aspects Of Anthroposophic Thinking
According to Steiner, a real spiritual world exists out of which the material one gradually condensed, and evolved. The spiritual world, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - History
In his early twenties, Steiner was asked to edit Goethe's scientific writings for a major publication of that writer's complete works. In...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intellectual Virtues: Encyclopedia Ii - Intellectual Virtues - Aristotle
Aristotle analyzed virtues into moral and intellectual virtues (dianoetic virtues, the Greek aretai dianoetikai). In the Posterior Analyt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - Place In Western Philosophy
The Epistemic basis for Anthroposophy is contained in the seminal work, The Philosophy of Freedom, as well as in Steiner's doctoral thesi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Informal Logic: Encyclopedia Ii - Informal Logic - Mathematics And The Natural Sciences
In mathematics the reasoning that occurs in proofs, though informal, is often regarded as a close approximation to a formal proof, that i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - Social Goals Of Anthroposophy
For a period after World War I, Steiner was extremely active and well-known in Germany in part because in many places he gave lectures on...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthroposophy - Successes Of Anthroposophy
Out of the anthroposophical movement have come nearly a thousand schools world-wide. These are often called Waldorf Schools, after the fi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Steiner Criticism
Though the emphasis anthroposophists place on individual freedom and thought limits the tendency toward group-think and prevents anthropo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Criticism
Traditionally, criticism of Marx's law of value has been of three kinds: conceptual logical empirical The conceptual criticism concerns...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Architecture, Eurythmy And Free Spiritual Culture
Steiner developed an organic style of architecture for the design and construction of some seventeen buildings. The most significant of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Architecture Eurythmy And Free Spiritual Culture
Steiner developed an organic style of architecture for the design and construction of some seventeen buildings. The most significant of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Goethean Scholar, Philosopher, Phenomenologist Of Spirit And Sense Perception
Steiner's father was a huntsman in the service of Count Hoyos in Geras, and later became a telegraph operator and stationmaster on the So...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Weleda, Biodynamic Farming, Camphill
A philosophic basis rooted in a practical sensibility yielded continuations to his work. In 1921, pharmacists and physicians gathered und...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Philosophical Debate
The claim he made in this book to have disproved transcendental idealism, the philosophy of Immanuel Kant—he had read the whole of Kant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Goethean Scholar Philosopher Phenomenologist Of Spirit And Sense Perception
Steiner's father was a huntsman in the service of Count Hoyos in Geras, and later became a telegraph operator and stationmaster on the So...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Waldorf Education
As a young man, Steiner already supported the independence of educational institutions from governmental control. In 1907, he wrote a lon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Steiner The Activist And The Threefold Nature Of Social Life
For a period after World War I, Steiner was extremely active and well-known in Germany in part because in many places he gave lectures on...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Weleda Biodynamic Farming Camphill
A philosophic basis rooted in a practical sensibility yielded continuations to his work. In 1921, pharmacists and physicians gathered und...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - A Few Aspects Of Steiner's Way Of Thinking
According to Steiner, a real spiritual world exists out of which the material one gradually condensed, so to speak, and evolved. The spir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Informal Logic: Encyclopedia Ii - Informal Logic - Law And Politics
An extremely intricate form of reasoning is legal reasoning since it involves such considerations as legal precedent and existing law. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolf Steiner - Breadth Of Activity
Rudolf Steiner is certainly remarkable for the breadth of his achievements. The school movement he founded has become as successful as th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Law Of Value In Capitalism
Marx argues that as economic exchange develops and markets expand, the law of value is modified in its operation. Thus, capitalism is a t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Smith's Hidden Hand
Neo-classical economics is based on the assumption that, left to themselves, markets will balance supply and demand spontaneously. If equ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Modification Of The Law Of Value In The World Market
Marx believed that the operation of the law of value was not only modified by the capitalist mode of production, but also in the world ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - A Comment By Marx On The Law Of Value
In his letter to Kugelmann of July 11, 1868, Karl Marx commented gruffly: "As for the Centralblatt, the man is making the greatest conces...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - The Law Of Value In Non-capitalist Societies
There has been a long and drawn-out debate among Marxists about whether the law of value also operates in non-capitalist societies where ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Post-modern Thinking About The Topic
It has become increasingly clear to intellligent economists that there is not one principle that can explain resource allocation in any r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Steve Keen And The Machine
In an important new book, Debunking Economics, Steve Keen tries to pull the rug from under Marx's theory with a stunningly simple argumen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Economic Value As Such
Economic value exists necessarily, according to Marx, because human beings as social and moral beings must co-operatively produce their m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Is It An Equilibrium Theory?
Some authors have interpreted Marx's law of value as a theory of market equilibrium. However, Marx offered no theory of market equilibriu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Factors Counteracting The Law Of Value
The main factors counteracting the operation of the law of value, as a law of economic exchange, are: structural unequal exchange - alte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thinking Machines: Encyclopedia Ii - Thinking Machines - Business History
Thinking Machines became profitable in 1989 thanks to its DARPA contracts, and in 1990 the company had $65 million (USD) in revenue, maki...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thinks ...: Encyclopedia Ii - Thinks ... - Commentary
Similar to, say, Julian Barnes' England, England (1998), Thinks ... is a highly philosophical text full of food for thought. The intellec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Thinking: Encyclopedia Ii - Historical Thinking - The Role Of The History Textbook In Learning To Think Historically
History textbooks draw much attention from history educators and educational researchers. The use of textbooks is nearly universal in his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Criticism Of Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - Criticism Of Christianity - Criticisms Regarding Christianity And Science
Christianity has sometimes had an antagonistic relationship with science. According to American religious scholar Kaufmann Kohler, the re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-globalization - Criticisms
The anti-globalization movement has been heavily criticized on many fronts by politicians, members of conservative think tanks, mainstrea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-globalization: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-globalization - Criticisms
The anti-globalization movement has been heavily criticized on many fronts by politicians, members of conservative think tanks, mainstrea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Children's Literature Criticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Children's Literature Criticism - Approaches
Children's literature criticism - Child Focused. Early children's literature critics aimed to learn how children read literature specif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Critical Rationalism: Encyclopedia Ii - Critical Rationalism - Not Justificationism
William Warren Bartley compared critical rationalism to the very general philosophical approach to knowledge which he called "justificati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cogito Ergo Sum: Encyclopedia Ii - Cogito Ergo Sum - Common Errors
Some non-philosophers who first come across cogito attempt to refute it in the following way. "I think, therefore I exist," they argue, c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cogito Ergo Sum: Encyclopedia Ii - Cogito Ergo Sum - Criticisms Of The Cogito
There have been a number of criticisms of the cogito. The first of the two under scrutiny here concerns the nature of the step from "I am...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ecological Footprint: Encyclopedia Ii - Ecological Footprint - Changing Consumption Patterns
Ethically, the number of Earths "consumed" alludes to the categorical imperative, which requires everyone to behave in such a way that th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Shakespeare Criticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of Shakespeare Criticism - 19th Century
Charles Lamb, 1811: "We talk of Shakespeare's admirable observation of life, when we should feel, that not from a petty inquisition into ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Post-left Anarchy: Encyclopedia Ii - Post-left Anarchy - Proponents And Detractors
The ideas associated with Post-left anarchy have been criticized by other anarchists, notably Murray Bookchin. Bookchin's polemic, Social...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blow Out: Encyclopedia Ii - Blow Out - Critical Reaction
Initial reaction to Blow Out was mixed. Some critics, such as Pauline Kael, thought the film was a masterpiece. In her review in The New ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thomas Szasz: Encyclopedia Ii - Thomas Szasz - Szasz's Main Arguments
Szasz's main arguments can be summarised as follows: The myth of mental illness: Schizophrenia and other mental disorders are simply sem...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thomas Malthus: Encyclopedia Ii - Thomas Malthus - Criticisms Of Malthus
Theoretical and political critiques of Malthus and Malthusian thinking emerged soon after the publication of the first Essay on Populatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thomas Szasz: Encyclopedia Ii - Thomas Szasz - Szasz's Main Arguments
Szasz's main arguments can be summarised as follows: The myth of mental illness: Schizophrenia and other mental disorders are medical me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law School Admission Test: Encyclopedia Ii - Law School Admission Test - Criticism
The LSAT, as a standardized test, has fallen under a blanket of general criticism of standardized testing as not being a neutral or effec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bullfighting: Encyclopedia Ii - Bullfighting - Criticisms Of Bullfighting
Bullfighting has for many years been a controversial activity; it is widely reviled outside Spain (and increasingly within it) as a gratu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kuzari: Encyclopedia Ii - Kuzari - Arguments Against Philosophy
The fifth and last essay is devoted to a criticism of the various philosophical systems known at the time of the author. Judah attacks by...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Robert Kiyosaki: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert Kiyosaki - Assets Vs. Liabilities
One of the basic points Kiyosaki writes and talks about is to think of an asset as something that puts money in your pocket, and a liabil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wasteland Speech: Encyclopedia Ii - Wasteland Speech - Follow-on Comments In 1996
Thirty-five years after making this indictment of the medium, Minow told Canadian magazine Maclean's that little had changed. "I think in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Existentialism: Encyclopedia Ii - Existentialism - Major Concepts In Existentialism
Existentialism differentiates itself from the modern Western rationalist tradition extending from Descartes to Husserl by rejecting the i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Existentialism: Encyclopedia Ii - Existentialism - Major Concepts In Existentialism
Existentialism differentiates itself from the modern Western rationalist tradition extending from Descartes to Husserl by rejecting the i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Existentialism: Encyclopedia Ii - Existentialism - Major Concepts In Existentialism
Existentialism differentiates itself from the modern Western rationalist tradition extending from Descartes to Husserl by rejecting the i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - B'tselem: Encyclopedia Ii - B'tselem - Criticism
B'Tselem has been criticized by NGO Monitor for having a "political agenda" and using "outdated sources" and "abusive and demonizing rhet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tin Machine: Encyclopedia Ii - Tin Machine - Critical Reception
Tin Machine’s first album received mixed reviews on release, with some praising the back-to-basics sound, but others deriding Bowie’s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tlc Tv Channel: Encyclopedia Ii - Tlc Tv Channel - Criticism
Many today, particularly academics and the channel’s original audience, are critical of the changes made to TLC’s identity and progra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irshad Manji: Encyclopedia Ii - Irshad Manji - Views
Manji has been a vocal critic of orthodox Islam, especially the treatment of women by some Muslims. She does not wear a headscarf or chad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irshad Manji: Encyclopedia Ii - Irshad Manji - Criticism
Her views on Islam, attitude towards Israel, emphasis on critical thinking and universal human rights represent an extreme minority view ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Community: Encyclopedia Ii - Community - The Sense Of Community
Continuity of the connections between leaders and leaders, leaders and followers, followers and followers is vital to the strength of a c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tony Robbins: Encyclopedia Ii - Tony Robbins - 2008 Presidential Consideration
In May of 2005, Robbins was asked whether he was thinking about running for the United States Presidency in 2008; he replied, "Maybe. It'...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Synchronicity: Encyclopedia Ii - Synchronicity - Criticism
Since the theory of synchronicity is not testable according to the classical scientific method, it is not widely regarded as scientific a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Visual Learning: Encyclopedia Ii - Visual Learning - Specifics
In a study entitled Graphic Organizers: A Review of Scientifically Based Research, The Institute for the Advancement of Research in Educa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phonics: Encyclopedia Ii - Phonics - Notes
Note (*): For support of this view, see Marilyn Jager Agams, Beginning to Read: Thinking and Learning About Print. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moral Relativism: Encyclopedia Ii - Moral Relativism - History
Relativist positions have been recorded for several thousand years. Protagoras' (ca. 481-420 BC) assertion that "man is the measure of al...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Near-death Experience (nde): New Age Spirituality Dictionary On Near-death Experience (nde)
Near-death experience (NDE) Any paranormal or supernatural experience had when a person is near death, including experiences when a pe...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Near-death Experience (nde): New Age Spirituality Dictionary On Near-death Experience (nde)
Near-death experience (NDE) Any paranormal or supernatural experience had when a person is near death, including experiences when a pe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Critical Thinking: Encyclopedia Ii - Critical Thinking - Overview
Within the framework of skepticism, critical thinking is the process of acquiring information and evaluating it to reach a well-justified...   » Read the article