The formal rebellion began with a manifesto sent by Garza on New Year's Day, titled A la Nación (To the Nation). This declared that "the hour of battle has sounded" and "the hour of victory belongs to God". With the declaration, the state of Jalisco, which had seemed to be quiet since the Guadalajara church uprising, exploded. Bands of rebels moving in the "Los Altos" region northeast of Guadalajara began seizing villages, often armed with only ancient muskets and clubs. The Cristeros' battle cry was ¡Viva Cristo Rey! ¡Viva la Virgen de Guadalupe! ("Long live Chri ...

See also:

Cristero War, Cristero War - The 1917 Constitution, Cristero War - Background to rebellion, Cristero War - Peaceful resistance, Cristero War - Escalation of violence, Cristero War - The Cristero war, Cristero War - Diplomacy and the uprising, Cristero War - Cristero War saints

Read more here: » Cristero War: Encyclopedia II - Cristero War - The Cristero war

1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). 1929 - Events. 1929 - January. January 2 - Canada and the United States agree on a plan to preserve Niagara Falls. January 9 - The Seeing Eye is established with the mission to train dogs to assist the blind (Nashville, Tennessee). January 10 - Tintin, a comic book character created by Hergé, makes his debut. He went on to be publishe ...

Including:

1929 - Events
1929 - January 1929 - February 1929 - March 1929 - May 1929 - June 1929 - July 1929 - August 1929 - September 1929 - October 1929 - November 1929 - December 1929 - Unknown dates
1929 - Births
1929 - January-March 1929 - April-June 1929 - July-September 1929 - October-December
1929 - Deaths 1929 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1929: Encyclopedia - 1929

Anti-Catholicism is opposition to the Roman Catholic Church or to Catholics, often employing mischaracterizations, stereotypes and negative prejudices. Its motivations are sometimes religious or political opposition. Occasionally it is little more than rank bigotry. Anti-Catholicism - Religious anti-Catholicism. On the Internet anti-Catholic sites are reportedly rampant. A check on the words "Catholicism is evil" yields some examples.[1] The Southern Poverty Law Center specifically cites groups like the New ...

Including:

Anti-Catholicism - Religious anti-Catholicism Anti-Catholicism - Historical anti-Catholicism Anti-Catholicism - Anti-Catholicism in modern times Anti-Catholicism - Contemporary anti-Catholicism
Anti-Catholicism - Religious Anti-Catholicism - Secular
Anti-Catholicism - Abuse of the term Anti-Catholicism - Actions frequently labeled anti-Catholic Anti-Catholicism - Additional reading

Read more here: » Anti-Catholicism: Encyclopedia - Anti-Catholicism

Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 3 April 1948) was President of Mexico from 1988 to 1994. Salinas was one of the youngest Presidents in Mexico's recent history. Most recently, before being elected President he worked as the Budget Minister in the administration of Miguel de la Madrid (1982 – 1988). Many believe that his government lacked legitimacy because he won the elections in suspicious circumstances involving a complete shutdown of the computer systems that were concentrating the results of the vote in 1988. That impressi ...

Including:

Carlos Salinas - Accomplishments Carlos Salinas - The Scandals Carlos Salinas - The December Mistake Carlos Salinas - Salinas's book Carlos Salinas - Later years

Read more here: » Carlos Salinas: Encyclopedia - Carlos Salinas

The armed conflict began over alleged electoral fraud perpetrated by General Porfirio Díaz in 1910; Díaz had been president virtually uninterruptedly since 1876. While his presidency was characterized by promotion of industry and the pacification of the country, it came at the expense of the working and farmer/peasant classes, which generally suffered extreme exploitation. As a result, wealth, political power, and access to education was concentrated in just a handful of families with large estates as well as some companies of foreign orig ...

See also:

Mexican Revolution, Mexican Revolution - End of the Porfiriato, Mexican Revolution - Madero's presidency, Mexican Revolution - Huerta's reign, Mexican Revolution - After Huerta, Mexican Revolution - United States involvement

Read more here: » Mexican Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Mexican Revolution - End of the Porfiriato

Different countries have different approaches to the separation of church and state. Separation of church and state - Australia. Since the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, religious freedom has been guaranteed and state religion has been outlawed. Section 116 of the Australian Constitution says: The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualifi ...

See also:

Separation of church and state, Separation of church and state - History, Separation of church and state - Ancient, Separation of church and state - Medieval, Separation of church and state - Modern, Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy, Separation of church and state - Enactment, Separation of church and state - Countries with separation, Separation of church and state - Australia, Separation of church and state - Canada, Separation of church and state - France, Separation of church and state - Germany, Separation of church and state - Japan, Separation of church and state - Mexico, Separation of church and state - Philippines, Separation of church and state - Sweden, Separation of church and state - Turkey, Separation of church and state - United States of America, Separation of church and state - Other countries, Separation of church and state - Countries with state churches, Separation of church and state - Finland, Separation of church and state - Norway, Separation of church and state - United Kingdom, Separation of church and state - Greece, Separation of church and state - Denmark, Separation of church and state - Countries in flux, Separation of church and state - Russia, Separation of church and state - Advocacy, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Other arguments against separation

Read more here: » Separation of church and state: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state - Countries with separation

The PAN occupies the right of Mexico's political spectrum, advocating free enterprise, reduced taxes, smaller government, and reform of the welfare state. Its philosophy has similarities with the United States Republican Party or Europe's Christian Democratic parties, and many of its members are also advocates of Roman Catholicism. The PAN is a member of the Christian Democrat Organization of America (CDOA). The PAN officially claims to be a non-confessional party in a country that is 90% Catholic; however, while on the campaign trail in 200 ...

See also:

National Action Party Mexico, National Action Party Mexico - Right-wing politics, National Action Party Mexico - Recent history

Read more here: » National Action Party Mexico: Encyclopedia II - National Action Party Mexico - Right-wing politics

Main article: Mexican War of Independence Military history of Mexico - Background to the War of Independence. The backgrounds to Mexico's struggle against Spain for its independence have been argued to have taken root as early as 1650, when an Irishman, William Lamport, attempted to revolt against Spanish rule in Mexico, cause an uprising among the Mexican people, and overwhelm any resistance of the Spanish. However, events in the late 18th and early 19th centuries may be best summed as to ha ...

See also:

Military history of Mexico, Military history of Mexico - Pre–Colonial Era, Military history of Mexico - Spanish Conquest, Military history of Mexico - 19th century, Military history of Mexico - Background to the War of Independence, Military history of Mexico - The War of Independence, Military history of Mexico - Conflicts after independence, Military history of Mexico - Early 20th Century, Military history of Mexico - Mexican Revolution, Military history of Mexico - The Revolution, Military history of Mexico - World War I Era, Military history of Mexico - Mid 20th Century, Military history of Mexico - Cristero War, Military history of Mexico - World War II, Military history of Mexico - Recent developments, Military history of Mexico - 1994 Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas, Military history of Mexico - Hurricane Katrina, Military history of Mexico - Timeline

Read more here: » Military history of Mexico: Encyclopedia II - Military history of Mexico - 19th century

1927 - January-March. January 1 - Cristero War erupts in Mexico when pro-Church rebels attack secular-minded government January 7 - First transatlantic telephone call - New York City to London January 9 - Military rebellion crushed in Lisbon January 14 - Paul Doumer elected president of France January 19 - Britain sends troops to China January 30 - Right-wing veterans and the Republican Schutzbund clash in Schattendorf, Burgenla ...

See also:

1927, 1927 - Events, 1927 - January-March, 1927 - April-June, 1927 - July-September, 1927 - October-December, 1927 - Unknown dates, 1927 - Births, 1927 - January, 1927 - February, 1927 - March, 1927 - April, 1927 - May-June, 1927 - July-August, 1927 - September-November, 1927 - December, 1927 - Deaths, 1927 - Marriages, 1927 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1927: Encyclopedia II - 1927 - Events

A key event in recent Mexican history, "The December Mistake" (Spanish: "El error de Diciembre") refers to incoming President Zedillo's decision to liberate the peso which led to an immediate devaluation of 50%. While it took place under Zedillo, and much of the disastrous impact can be traced back to that administration's cronyism and mismanagement of the devaluation, the blame for the underlying causes is u ...

See also:

Carlos Salinas, Carlos Salinas - Accomplishments, Carlos Salinas - The Scandals, Carlos Salinas - The December Mistake, Carlos Salinas - Salinas's book, Carlos Salinas - Later years

Read more here: » Carlos Salinas: Encyclopedia II - Carlos Salinas - The December Mistake

Different countries have different approaches to the separation of church and state. Separation of church and state - Australia. Since the founding of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, religious freedom has been guaranteed and state religion has been outlawed. Section 116 of the Australian Constitution says: The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualifi ...

See also:

Separation of church and state, Separation of church and state - A Basic Overview of the Principle, Separation of church and state - History, Separation of church and state - Ancient, Separation of church and state - Medieval, Separation of church and state - Modern, Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy, Separation of church and state - Enactment, Separation of church and state - Countries with separation, Separation of church and state - Australia, Separation of church and state - Canada, Separation of church and state - France, Separation of church and state - Germany, Separation of church and state - Japan, Separation of church and state - Mexico, Separation of church and state - Philippines, Separation of church and state - Sweden, Separation of church and state - Turkey, Separation of church and state - United States of America, Separation of church and state - Other countries, Separation of church and state - Countries with state churches, Separation of church and state - Finland, Separation of church and state - Norway, Separation of church and state - United Kingdom, Separation of church and state - Greece, Separation of church and state - Denmark, Separation of church and state - Countries in flux, Separation of church and state - Russia, Separation of church and state - Advocacy, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Other arguments against separation

Read more here: » Separation of church and state: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state - Countries with separation

The PAN occupies the right of Mexico's political spectrum, advocating free enterprise, reduced taxes, smaller government, and reform of the welfare state. Its philosophy has similarities with the Republican Party of the United States, the Conservative Party of Canada or Europe's Christian Democratic parties, and many of its members are also advocates of Roman Catholicism as a political inspiration. The PAN is a member of the Christian Democrat Organization of America (CDOA). The PAN officially claims to be a non-confessional party in a count ...

See also:

National Action Party Mexico, National Action Party Mexico - Right-wing politics, National Action Party Mexico - Recent history

Read more here: » National Action Party Mexico: Encyclopedia II - National Action Party Mexico - Right-wing politics

On the Internet anti-Catholic sites are reportedly rampant. A check on the words "Catholicism is evil" yields some examples.[1] The Southern Poverty Law Center specifically cites groups like the New Black Panthers, as an anti-Catholic group with an Internet presence. Other groups deemed to be Anti-Catholic who have an online presence include "Reaching Catholics for Christ"[2], "Good News For Catholics"[3], and Chick Publications. Further, when a Christian humor site called "Ship of Fools" recently asked for offensive religious jokes as a reb ...

See also:

Anti-Catholicism, Anti-Catholicism - Religious anti-Catholicism, Anti-Catholicism - Historical anti-Catholicism, Anti-Catholicism - Anti-Catholicism in modern times, Anti-Catholicism - Contemporary anti-Catholicism, Anti-Catholicism - Religious, Anti-Catholicism - Secular, Anti-Catholicism - Abuse of the term, Anti-Catholicism - Actions frequently labeled anti-Catholic, Anti-Catholicism - Additional reading

Read more here: » Anti-Catholicism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Catholicism - Religious anti-Catholicism

1929 - January. January 2 - Canada and the United States agree on a plan to preserve Niagara Falls. January 9 - The Seeing Eye is established with the mission to train dogs to assist the blind (Nashville, Tennessee). January 10 - Tintin, a comic book character created by Hergé, makes his debut. He went on to be published in over 200 million comic books in 40 languages, and loved across the world. January 15 - First issue of Annales d'histoire écono ...

See also:

1929, 1929 - Events, 1929 - January, 1929 - February, 1929 - March, 1929 - May, 1929 - June, 1929 - July, 1929 - August, 1929 - September, 1929 - October, 1929 - November, 1929 - December, 1929 - Unknown dates, 1929 - Births, 1929 - January-March, 1929 - April-June, 1929 - July-September, 1929 - October-December, 1929 - Deaths, 1929 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1929: Encyclopedia II - 1929 - Events

Luis Batíz Sainz was born on September 13, 1870. He attended a minor seminary from age 12, and was ordained on January 1, 1894. He worked as spiritual director of the seminary and as parish priest in Chalchihuites. He was noted for his pastoral zeal and capacity to organize the parish. He founded a workshop for Catholic workers and a school. He spent a great part of his time on the catechesis of children and adults and was very fervent in his Eucharistic adoration. He is reported to have said, "Lord, I want to be a martyr; though I am your unworthy ...

See also:

Saints of the Cristero War, Saints of the Cristero War - Luis Batíz Sainz, Saints of the Cristero War - Rodrigo Aguilar Alemán, Saints of the Cristero War - Agustín Caloca, Saints of the Cristero War - Román Adame Rosales, Saints of the Cristero War - Atilano Cruz Alvarado

Read more here: » Saints of the Cristero War: Encyclopedia II - Saints of the Cristero War - Luis Batíz Sainz

Separation of church and state occurs in different ways: legal separation voluntary separation, such as by churches teaching that religious ceremony should be confined to either the church or the home. Some countries of the world have a stable separation between church and state, while other countries are in a state of political unrest over the separation. The 1905 French law on the separation of churc ...

See also:

Separation of church and state, Separation of church and state - A Basic Overview of the Principle, Separation of church and state - History, Separation of church and state - Ancient, Separation of church and state - Medieval, Separation of church and state - Modern, Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy, Separation of church and state - Enactment, Separation of church and state - Countries with separation, Separation of church and state - Australia, Separation of church and state - Canada, Separation of church and state - France, Separation of church and state - Germany, Separation of church and state - Japan, Separation of church and state - Mexico, Separation of church and state - Philippines, Separation of church and state - Sweden, Separation of church and state - Turkey, Separation of church and state - United States of America, Separation of church and state - Other countries, Separation of church and state - Countries with state churches, Separation of church and state - Finland, Separation of church and state - Norway, Separation of church and state - United Kingdom, Separation of church and state - Greece, Separation of church and state - Denmark, Separation of church and state - Countries in flux, Separation of church and state - Russia, Separation of church and state - Advocacy, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Other arguments against separation

Read more here: » Separation of church and state: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state - Enactment

In the United States, separation of church and state is governed by the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and by legal precedents interpreting that clause, some quite controversial. The Establishment Clause states that, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." However, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the Fourteenth Amendment (one of the Reconstruction Amendments) makes the Establishment Clause and other portions of the Bill of Rights binding on state and local governments as well. Many other democratic ...

See also:

Separation of church and state, Separation of church and state - A Basic Overview of the Principle, Separation of church and state - History, Separation of church and state - Ancient, Separation of church and state - Medieval, Separation of church and state - Modern, Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy, Separation of church and state - Enactment, Separation of church and state - Countries with separation, Separation of church and state - Australia, Separation of church and state - Canada, Separation of church and state - France, Separation of church and state - Germany, Separation of church and state - Japan, Separation of church and state - Mexico, Separation of church and state - Philippines, Separation of church and state - Sweden, Separation of church and state - Turkey, Separation of church and state - United States of America, Separation of church and state - Other countries, Separation of church and state - Countries with state churches, Separation of church and state - Finland, Separation of church and state - Norway, Separation of church and state - United Kingdom, Separation of church and state - Greece, Separation of church and state - Denmark, Separation of church and state - Countries in flux, Separation of church and state - Russia, Separation of church and state - Advocacy, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Other arguments against separation

Read more here: » Separation of church and state: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state - A Basic Overview of the Principle

Separation of church and state - Ancient. Main article: Separation of church and state (ancient) In ancient times, before the advent of Christianity, there was no separation between "church" and state. Religion was generally considered as one of many functions of the community. In monarchies, the ruler was usually also the highest religious leader and sometimes considered divine. Under republican government, religious officials were appointed just like political ones. In other cases a r ...

See also:

Separation of church and state, Separation of church and state - A Basic Overview of the Principle, Separation of church and state - History, Separation of church and state - Ancient, Separation of church and state - Medieval, Separation of church and state - Modern, Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy, Separation of church and state - Enactment, Separation of church and state - Countries with separation, Separation of church and state - Australia, Separation of church and state - Canada, Separation of church and state - France, Separation of church and state - Germany, Separation of church and state - Japan, Separation of church and state - Mexico, Separation of church and state - Philippines, Separation of church and state - Sweden, Separation of church and state - Turkey, Separation of church and state - United States of America, Separation of church and state - Other countries, Separation of church and state - Countries with state churches, Separation of church and state - Finland, Separation of church and state - Norway, Separation of church and state - United Kingdom, Separation of church and state - Greece, Separation of church and state - Denmark, Separation of church and state - Countries in flux, Separation of church and state - Russia, Separation of church and state - Advocacy, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Other arguments against separation

Read more here: » Separation of church and state: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state - History

Secularism in government is a policy of avoiding or reducing entanglement between civil and religious institutions, ranging from reducing ties to a state church to promoting the secularization of public discourse. There are automatic entanglements between the institutions, inasmuch as the religious institution, and its adherents, are members of civil society. Secularism requires the primacy of civil laws within its jurisdictions; but some policies provide for protections of religious expression, in order not to unnecessarily co ...

See also:

Separation of church and state, Separation of church and state - A Basic Overview of the Principle, Separation of church and state - History, Separation of church and state - Ancient, Separation of church and state - Medieval, Separation of church and state - Modern, Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy, Separation of church and state - Enactment, Separation of church and state - Countries with separation, Separation of church and state - Australia, Separation of church and state - Canada, Separation of church and state - France, Separation of church and state - Germany, Separation of church and state - Japan, Separation of church and state - Mexico, Separation of church and state - Philippines, Separation of church and state - Sweden, Separation of church and state - Turkey, Separation of church and state - United States of America, Separation of church and state - Other countries, Separation of church and state - Countries with state churches, Separation of church and state - Finland, Separation of church and state - Norway, Separation of church and state - United Kingdom, Separation of church and state - Greece, Separation of church and state - Denmark, Separation of church and state - Countries in flux, Separation of church and state - Russia, Separation of church and state - Advocacy, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments for separation, Separation of church and state - Religious arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Secular arguments against separation, Separation of church and state - Other arguments against separation

Read more here: » Separation of church and state: Encyclopedia II - Separation of church and state - Secularism and theocracy