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Crimean Tatars | A Wisdom Archive on Crimean Tatars | | Crimean Tatars A selection of articles related to Crimean Tatars | |
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Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatars - History, Crimean Tatars - Wikisource, Crimean Tatar diaspora, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Crimean Khanate, Tatars, Krymchak, List of Crimean Tatars, Giray Dynasty, Nogay, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq or (Augier) Ghislain de Busbecq - Flemish ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century whose account of meeting Crimean Tartars includes a rudimentary account of their language, see Crimean Gothic language
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Crimean Tatars | | | |  Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - History of Kazakhstan - BackgroundBy far the largest of the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union, independent Kazakhstan is the world's ninth-largest nation in geographic area. The population density of Kazakhstan is among the lowest in the world, partly because the country includes large areas of inhospitable terrain. Kazakhstan is located deep within the Asian continent, with coastline only on the landlocked Caspian Sea. The proximity of unstable countries such as Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Azerbaija ...
See also:History of Kazakhstan, History of Kazakhstan - Background, History of Kazakhstan - Historical Setting, History of Kazakhstan - Early Tribal Movements, History of Kazakhstan - Forming the Modern Nation, History of Kazakhstan - Russian Control, History of Kazakhstan - In the Soviet Union, History of Kazakhstan - Reform and Nationalist Conflict, History of Kazakhstan - The Rise of Nazarbayev, History of Kazakhstan - Sovereignty and Independence, History of Kazakhstan - Moving forward Read more here: » History of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Kazakhstan - Background |
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| | | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Medieval history The greatest Moldavian prince was Ştefan cel Mare, or Stefan the Great (ruled 1457-1504). With his army of boyars and retainers, Stefan fought off invasions from the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Crimean Tatars. Stefan fought 36 major battles, where his greatest victory was that over the Ottomans, at the Battle of Vaslui. He suffered only two defeats, and, at the end of his reign, Moldavia had kept her independenc ...
See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Medieval history |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Jewish Autonomous Oblast - History
Jewish Autonomous Oblast - Early history.
In prehistoric times the Amur River region was sparsely inhabited by independent tribes (notably the Daurs, Duchers, and Tunguses). They lived according to patrimonial and tribal laws, mainly on river valleys, especially on the banks of the Amur River and its tributaries. From the middle of the seventeenth century a gradual penetration by Russians into the region began. "Soldiers and people of industry, carrying out the Tsar's will, discovered new and new lands". To discover new places with no settled population, and to "bring them under the hand of the ...
See also:Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast - History, Jewish Autonomous Oblast - Early history, Jewish Autonomous Oblast - Jews in the region, Jewish Autonomous Oblast - Administrative divisions, Jewish Autonomous Oblast - Districts, Jewish Autonomous Oblast - Demographics Read more here: » Jewish Autonomous Oblast: Encyclopedia II - Jewish Autonomous Oblast - History |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Ukraine - History Human settlement in the territory of Ukraine has been documented into distant prehistory. The late neolithic Trypillian culture flourished from ca. 4500 BC to 3000 BC.
In antiquity, the southern and eastern parts of modern Ukraine were populated by Iranian nomads called Scythians. The Scythian Kingdom existed in Ukraine between 700 BC and 200 BC. In the third century, the Goths arrived, calling their country Oium, and formed the Chernyakhov culture before moving on and defeating the Roman empire. In the 7th century Ukraine was the cor ...
See also:Ukraine, Ukraine - Name, Ukraine - History, Ukraine - Government and Politics, Ukraine - Subdivisions, Ukraine - Geography, Ukraine - Economy, Ukraine - Demographics, Ukraine - Religion, Ukraine - Culture, Ukraine - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Ukraine - History |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Crimean Tatar language - Number of speakers Today there are over 300,000 Crimean Tatar speakers.
Until 1989, 90% of the Crimean Tatars lived in the Fergana Valley within Uzbekistan, where they were forcibly deported in 1944. Today 250,000 Crimean Tatar live in Crimea. About 24,000 Crimean Tatars live in Romania and another 3,000 in Bulgaria.
More than 1,500,000 inhabitants of Turkey are Turkish-speaking Crimean Tatars who emigrated in the 19th centu ...
See also:Crimean Tatar language, Crimean Tatar language - Number of speakers, Crimean Tatar language - History dialects and alphabet, Crimean Tatar language - Current Situation Read more here: » Crimean Tatar language: Encyclopedia II - Crimean Tatar language - Number of speakers |
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| | | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Golden Horde - Golden Age The Horde quickly lost its Mongol identity. While the descendants of Batu's original Mongol warriors constituted the upper class of society, most of the Horde's population were Kipchaks, Bulgar Tatars, Kyrghyz, Khwarezmians, and other Turkic peoples.
Golden Horde - Internal organization.
The Horde's supreme ruler was the khan, chosen by the kurultai among Batu Khan's descendants. The prime minister, also ethnically Mongol, was known as "prince of princes", or beqlare-beq. The ministers were called viziers. ...
See also:Golden Horde, Golden Horde - Name, Golden Horde - Mongol origins, Golden Horde - Golden Age, Golden Horde - Internal organization, Golden Horde - Vassals and allies, Golden Horde - Political evolution, Golden Horde - Disintegration and fall, Golden Horde - External link Read more here: » Golden Horde: Encyclopedia II - Golden Horde - Golden Age |
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| | | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Shuisky - The Regency Vasily's grand nephew, Prince Vasily Vasilievich Nemoy ("the Mute") was Vasily III's taciturn aide-de-camp who accompanied him on every military campaign and came to become a grey cardinal of Muscovite politics. In 1517, he defeated Konstantin Ostrogski. Six years later, Vasily Nemoy led the Russian vessels along the Volga against Kazan. Upon the death of Vasily's widow, Elena Glinskaya, he challenged the authority of Prince Ivan Belsky, procured his incarceration, married Anastasia of Kazan (Ivan III's granddaughter) ...
See also:Shuisky, Shuisky - The Regency, Shuisky - Military heroes, Shuisky - The last of the Shuiskys, Shuisky - Trivia Read more here: » Shuisky: Encyclopedia II - Shuisky - The Regency |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Ukraine - Christmas Traditions At Christmas time there is a custom on the night of Christmas Eve to have a twelve-course meal, symbolic of the twelve apostles. This meal is both meatless and dairyless. It usually consists of a few fish dishes (baked fish, pickled herring), verenyky, holobtsi, kolach (round braided bread), kutya (cooked wheat with poppy seeds, and honey or sugar, only made in the Christmas season), some mushroom dishes, and garlic, as well as a few other ingredients.
There are also symbolic accompaniments to the meal. The meal starts in the evening, ...
See also:Culture of Ukraine, Culture of Ukraine - Food, Culture of Ukraine - Christmas Traditions Read more here: » Culture of Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Ukraine - Christmas Traditions |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Total war - Total war and its precursors
Total war - The French Revolution.
The French Revolution has introduced some of the concepts of total war. The fledgling republic found itself threatened by a powerful coalition of European nations. The only solution, in the eyes of the Jacobin government was to pour the nation's entire resources into an unprecedented war effort - this was the advent of the levée en masse. The following decree of the National Convention on August 23, 1794 c ...
See also:Total war, Total war - Development of the concept of Total War, Total war - Consequences of Total War, Total war - Total war and its precursors, Total war - The French Revolution, Total war - American Civil War, Total war - American Indian Wars, Total war - Taiping Civil War, Total war - World War I, Total war - World War II, Total war - Post World War II, Total war - Quotes Read more here: » Total war: Encyclopedia II - Total war - Total war and its precursors |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Khazars - Late references to the Khazars There is debate as to the temporal and geographic extent of Khazar polities following Sviatoslav's sack of Atil in 967/9, or even whether any such states existed. The Khazars may have retained control over some areas in the Caucasus for another two centuries, but sparse historical records make this difficult to confirm.
The evidence of later Khazar polities includes the fact that Sviatoslav did not occupy the Volga basin after he destroyed Atil, and departed relatively quickly to embark on his campaign in Bulgaria. The permanent conquest of the Volga basin seems to have bee ...
See also:Khazars, Khazars - Origins and prehistory, Khazars - Tribes, Khazars - Rise, Khazars - Formation of the Khazar state, Khazars - Khazars and Byzantium, Khazars - Second Khazar-Arab war, Khazars - Khazar religion, Khazars - Turkic shamanism, Khazars - Conversion to Judaism and relations with world Jewry, Khazars - Other religions, Khazars - Government, Khazars - Khazar Kingship, Khazars - Army, Khazars - Other officials, Khazars - Judiciary, Khazars - Economic position, Khazars - Trade, Khazars - Khazar coinage, Khazars - Extent of influence, Khazars - Khazar towns, Khazars - Tributary and subject nations, Khazars - Decline and fall, Khazars - Rise of Rus, Khazars - Kabar rebellion and the departure of the Magyars, Khazars - Rus and Byzantine hostility, Khazars - Khazars outside of Khazaria, Khazars - Late references to the Khazars, Khazars - Jewish sources, Khazars - Muslim sources, Khazars - Kievan Rus sources, Khazars - Byzantine Georgian and Armenian sources, Khazars - Western sources, Khazars - Debate, Khazars - Date and extent of the conversion, Khazars - Khazar ancestry of Ashkenazim, Khazars - In Fiction, Khazars - Resources, Khazars - Books written before 1915 Read more here: » Khazars: Encyclopedia II - Khazars - Late references to the Khazars |
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| | | | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire Peter I, a child of the second marriage of Tsar Aleksey, was at first relegated to the political background, as various court factions struggled to control the throne. Aleksey was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, Feodor III, a sickly boy who died in 1682. Peter then was made co-tsar with his half brother, Ivan V, but Peter's half sister, Sofia, held the real power. She ruled as regent while the young Peter was allowed to play war games with his friends and to roam in Moscow's foreign quarters. These early experiences instilled i ...
See also:Russian history 1682-1796, Russian history 1682-1796 - Note on naming, Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire, Russian history 1682-1796 - The era of Russian palace revolutions, Russian history 1682-1796 - Russian imperial expansion and maturation—Catherine II Read more here: » Russian history 1682-1796: Encyclopedia II - Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Dobruja - History Main article: History of Dobruja
In antiquity Dobruja was inhabited by Geto-Dacians, as well as by Celts. A number of Greek colonies were founded in the 7th and 6th centuries BC. In subsequent centuries, control of the region was held at various times by the Thracians, the Macedonians, the Scythians, the Getae-Dacians, and the Sarmatians. In 46 it was annexed by the Roman Empire as Scythia Minor, part of Moesia. To prevent mounted attacks from the north, the Romans constructed a double rampart from the Black Sea down to the Dan ...
See also:Dobruja, Dobruja - History, Dobruja - Area population and cities, Dobruja - Coat of Arms of Romania Read more here: » Dobruja: Encyclopedia II - Dobruja - History |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology Sporadic infection of people is usually caused by Hyalomma tick bite. Clusters of illness typically appear after people treat, butcher or eat infected livestock, particularly ruminants and ostriches. Outbreaks have occurred in clinical facilities where health workers have been exposed to infected blood and fomites.
The causitive organism is found in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, a belt across central Africa and South Africa and Madagascar (see map [1]) The main environmental reservoir for the virus is small mamm ...
See also:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Manifestations, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Public health measures, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Treatment, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Notable outbreaks Read more here: » Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Encyclopedia II - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements Exile settlements (ссыльное поселение, ssylnoye poselenie) were a kind of internal exile. The system of political and administrative exile existed in the Imperial Russia as well. The most notable category of exile settlers in the Soviet Union (ссыльнопоселенцы, ssylnoposelentsy) were the whole nationalities resettled during Joseph Stalin's rule (1928–1953). At various times, a number of other terms were used for this category: special settlement (спецпоселение), s ...
See also:Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - The population of the settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Labor settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Free settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Population statistics, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Wikisource Read more here: » Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Bulgaria - History Main article: History of Bulgaria
In the late 7th century a branch of the Bulgars led by Khan Asparuh migrated into the northern Balkans, where they merged with the local Slavic populaton and possibly remnants of the Thracian population to form the first Bulgarian state in 681 AD. This was the first Slavic nation-state in history. The Bulgarian empire was a significant European power in the 9th and the 10th century, while fighting with the Byzantine Empire for the control of the Balkans. The Bulgarian state was crushed by an assault by the Rus' in 969 and completely subdued by a determined Byzan ...
See also:Bulgaria, Bulgaria - History, Bulgaria - Politics, Bulgaria - Executive, Bulgaria - Legislative, Bulgaria - Judiciary, Bulgaria - Regional and local government, Bulgaria - Regions, Bulgaria - Geography, Bulgaria - Economy, Bulgaria - Demographics, Bulgaria - Culture, Bulgaria - Religion, Bulgaria - National parks, Bulgaria - Miscellaneous topics, Bulgaria - English language Bulgarian media, Bulgaria - Other Read more here: » Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Bulgaria - History |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Samizdat - History in the USSR Self-published and self-distributed literature has a long history, but samizdat is a unique phenomenon in the post-Stalin USSR and other countries with similar socio-economic systems. Under the grip of censorship of police state these societies used underground literature for self-analysis and self-expression. [2]
At the outset of the Khrushchev Thaw in the mid-1950s USSR, poetry became very popular and writings of a wide variety of known, prohibited, repressed, as well as young and unkno ...
See also:Samizdat, Samizdat - Techniques, Samizdat - History in the USSR, Samizdat - Terminology and related concepts, Samizdat - Other countries, Samizdat - Footnotes Read more here: » Samizdat: Encyclopedia II - Samizdat - History in the USSR |
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| | | | | Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Volga Tatars - Kazan Qazan Tatars The majority of Volga Tatars are Kazan (Qazan) Tatars. They are the main and indigenious population of Tatarstan.
During the 11-16th centuries, most Turkic tribes lived in what is now Russia and Kazakhstan. The Kazan (Qazan) Tatars are descendants of the Volga Bulgars, who settled on the Volga in the 8th century. There they mingled with Scythian and Finno-Ugric speaking peoples and partly with descendants of the Kipchaks, who settled on the Volga in the 13th century. After the Mongol invasion Bulgaria was defeated and ruined. Note tha ...
See also:Volga Tatars, Volga Tatars - Kazan Qazan Tatars, Volga Tatars - Noqrat Tatars, Volga Tatars - Perm Tatars, Volga Tatars - Keräşen Tatars, Volga Tatars - Nağaybäks, Volga Tatars - Tiptär Tatars, Volga Tatars - Kazan Tatar language dialects, Volga Tatars - Mişär Tatars, Volga Tatars - Qasím Tatars, Volga Tatars - Astrakhan Tatars, Volga Tatars - Volga Tatars in the world Read more here: » Volga Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Volga Tatars - Kazan Qazan Tatars |
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