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Crimean Khanate | A Wisdom Archive on Crimean Khanate | | Crimean Khanate A selection of articles related to Crimean Khanate | |
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Crimean Khanate, Crimean Khanate - Decline, Crimean Khanate - Early rulers, Crimean Khanate - Golden Age, Crimean Khanate - Political and Economic System
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Crimean Khanate | | | |  Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Time of TroublesIvan IV was succeeded by his son Fedor, who was mentally deficient. Actual power went to Fedor's brother-in-law, the boyar Boris Godunov. Perhaps the most important event of Fedor's reign was the proclamation of the patriarchate of Moscow in 1589. The creation of the patriarchate climaxed the evolution of a separate and totally independent Russian Orthodox Church.
In 1598 Fedor died without an heir, ending the Rurik Dynasty. Boris Godunov then convened a Zemsky Sobor, a national assembly of boyars, church officials, and commone ...
See also:Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Time of Troubles |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Crimean Karaites - In the Russian Empire Nineteenth-century leaders of the Karaim, such as Simcha Babovitch and Avraham Firkovitch, were driving forces behind a concerted effort to de-Judaize the Karaite community in eyes of the Russian legal system. Firkovitch in particular was adamant in his attempts to connect the Karaim with the Khazars, and has been accused of forging documents and inscriptions to back up his claims.
Ultimately, the Tsarist government officially recognized the Karaim as being of Turkic, not Jewish, origin, a political ruling that has little basis in his ...
See also:Crimean Karaites, Crimean Karaites - Language, Crimean Karaites - Origins, Crimean Karaites - In Lithuania, Crimean Karaites - In the Russian Empire, Crimean Karaites - During the Holocaust, Crimean Karaites - Post-War, Crimean Karaites - Recommended Reading Read more here: » Crimean Karaites: Encyclopedia II - Crimean Karaites - In the Russian Empire |
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| | | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Crimean Karaites - Post-War Assimilation and emigration greatly reduced the ranks of the Karaim community. A few thousand Karaim remain in Lithuania, Belarus, the Ukraine, Russia and Poland. Other communities exist in Israel, Turkey, the United States, and Great Britain.
At the time of this writing (March 2005), genetic testing is being conducted to ascertain their ethnic origin.
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See also:Crimean Karaites, Crimean Karaites - Language, Crimean Karaites - Origins, Crimean Karaites - In Lithuania, Crimean Karaites - In the Russian Empire, Crimean Karaites - During the Holocaust, Crimean Karaites - Post-War, Crimean Karaites - Recommended Reading Read more here: » Crimean Karaites: Encyclopedia II - Crimean Karaites - Post-War |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy Muscovy remained a fairly unknown society in western Europe until Baron Sigismund von Herberstein published his Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii (literally Notes on Muscovite Affairs) in 1549. This provided a comprehensive view of what had been a rarely visited and poorly reported state. In the 1630s, Muscovy was visited by Adam Olearius, whose lively and well-informed writings were soon translated into all major languages of Europe.
Further exploration of the Russian lands was conducted by English and Dutch merchants. One of t ...
See also:Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Economy The economy of the Commonwealth was dominated by feudal agriculture based on exploitation of agricultural workforce (serfs). Typically a nobleman's landholding comprised a folwark, a large farm worked by serfs to produce surpluses for internal and external trade. The peasantry's situation worsened from the late 17th century on, when the landed szlachta sought to compensate for falling grain prices by increasing the peasants' workload, thus leading to the creation of second serfdom, ...
See also:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - History, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - State organization and politics, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Commonwealth military, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Golden Liberty, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - The political players, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Shortcomings of the Commonwealth, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Late reforms, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Economy, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Culture, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Szlachta and Sarmatism, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Demographics and religion, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Provinces and geography, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Voivodships of the Commonwealth Read more here: » Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Economy |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy Internal consolidation accompanied outward expansion of the state. By the 15th century, the rulers of Muscovy considered the entire Russian territory their collective property. Various semi-independent princes of Rurikid stock still claimed specific territories, but Ivan III forced the lesser princes to acknowledge the grand prince of Muscovy and his descendants as unquestioned rulers with control over military, judicial, and foreign affairs.
Gradually, the Muscovite ruler emerged as a powerful, autocratic ruler, a tsar. By assuming t ...
See also:Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples The main article is Onoghur
The period from roughly 500 to 700 CE saw an influx of Turkic-speaking nomads. These immigrants' culture was related to those of the Gokturks, Khazars and the tribes of Great Bulgaria.
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See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Crimean Karaites - Origins Turkic speaking Karaites (in the Crimean Tatar language, Qaraylar) have lived in the Crimea for centuries. Their origin, is disputed. Some regard them as descendants of Karaite Jews who settled in the Crimea and adopted a form of the Kipchak tongue (see Karaim language). Others view them as descendents of Khazar (unlikely) or Kipchak (more likely) converts to Karaite Judaism. Whatever their origins, from the time of the Golden Horde onward, they were present in many towns and villages throughout the Crimea and around the Black Sea. Some of the major communities could be found in the to ...
See also:Crimean Karaites, Crimean Karaites - Language, Crimean Karaites - Origins, Crimean Karaites - In Lithuania, Crimean Karaites - In the Russian Empire, Crimean Karaites - During the Holocaust, Crimean Karaites - Post-War, Crimean Karaites - Recommended Reading Read more here: » Crimean Karaites: Encyclopedia II - Crimean Karaites - Origins |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Khanate of Kazan - Military forces The military of the khanate consisted of armament and men from the darughas and subject lands, khan guards, and the troops of the nobility. The number of soldiers was never constant, ranging from 20,000 to 60,000 in number. Often, troops from Nogay, the Crimean and Russia also served for the Kazan khans.
Fire-arms (arquebuse) were used for defending the walls of Kazan.
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See also:Khanate of Kazan, Khanate of Kazan - Khanate's geography and population, Khanate of Kazan - Economics, Khanate of Kazan - Society, Khanate of Kazan - Culture, Khanate of Kazan - Administrative division, Khanate of Kazan - Military forces, Khanate of Kazan - History Read more here: » Khanate of Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Khanate of Kazan - Military forces |
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| | | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Tatars - Chinese Tatars The Tatars (塔塔尔族) form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.
Chinese Tatar's ancestors are Volga Tatar tradesmen who settled mostly in Xinjiang.
Note that the Chinese had often used the term Tartars or Tazi/Dazi in Chinese in a derogatory manner to generalize non-Han groups from the North, such as the Mongols and Jurchens/Manchus especially during periods where China was invaded by these groups, for example during the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.
Chinese ethnic grou ...
See also:Tatars, Tatars - European Tatars, Tatars - Volga Tatars, Tatars - Tatars of Crimea Ukraine and Poland, Tatars - Caucasian Tatars, Tatars - Nogais on the Kuma, Tatars - Karachays, Tatars - Mountain Tatars, Tatars - Siberian Tatars, Tatars - Baraba Tatars, Tatars - Cholym Tatars, Tatars - Abakan Tatars, Tatars - Northern Altai Tatars, Tatars - Altaians, Tatars - Generic meaning, Tatars - Authorities, Tatars - Chinese Tatars Read more here: » Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Tatars - Chinese Tatars |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Crimea - Geography The Crimea borders the Kherson region from the North; the rest of the border is the Black Sea in the South and West and the Sea of Azov in the East. Its area is 26,100 square kilometres with a population of 2.0 million (2004-05-01). The capital is Simferopol.
Crimea is connected to the Ukrainian mainland by the 5–7 kilometre (3–4 mile) wide Isthmus of Perekop. At the eastern tip is the Kerch Peninsula, which is directly opposite the Taman Peninsula on the Russian mainland. Between the Kerch and Taman peninsula lies the 3–13 km (2–9 mi) wide Kerch Strait, which connects ...
See also:Crimea, Crimea - Geography, Crimea - History, Crimea - Early History, Crimea - Crimean Khanate, Crimea - Russian Empire, Crimea - Soviet Union, Crimea - Autonomy in independent Ukraine Read more here: » Crimea: Encyclopedia II - Crimea - Geography |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule The main article is Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
On 27 May 1920 the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the RSFSR was declared. However, in the late 1920s the Soviet government under Stalin began to place restrictions on the use of the Tatar language (among many other minority languages in theSoviet Union). The development of national culture declined significantly. The Tatar alphabet was switched twice (to the Latin alphabet and then to Cyrillic). From the 1930s through the 1950s Tatar-language press, ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War The main article is Idel-Ural State
During the chaos of the Russian Revolutions of 1917, Tatarstan became functionally independent with a national parliament (Millät Mäclese), national government (Milli İdarä), national council (Milli Şura), and a national military council (Xärbi Şura). Some Tatar military units took part in Civil War against the Reds. Anti-communist Tatar revolutionaries declared the Idel-Ural State, but the Moscow Bolshevist government moved to prevent an independent Tatarstan on its flank. The "Muslim ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy Internal consolidation accompanied outward expansion of the state. By the 15th century, the rulers of Muscovy considered the entire Russian territory their collective property. Various semi-independent princes of Rurikid stock still claimed specific territories, but Ivan III forced the lesser princes to acknowledge the grand prince of Muscovy and his descendants as unquestioned rulers with control over military, judicial, and foreign affairs.
Gradually, the Muscovite ruler emerged as a powerful, autocratic ruler, a tsar. By assuming t ...
See also:Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - The time of Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia, Muscovy - See Also Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Pre-history Human habitation in Tatarstan dates back to the Palaeolithic period. Remains of several cultures of the Stone and Bronze Ages have been discovered within Tatarstan. During the Iron Age (8th c. BCE–3d c. CE), the Ananino culture, probably a Finno-Ugrian people, dominated the area of the upper Volga and Kama river valleys. From the middle of the 1st millennium BC western Tatarstan was occupied by the Gorodets culture.
From the fourth century BCE much of the Volga-Kama basin was occuped by tribes of the İmänkiskä culture, who are th ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Pre-history |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria The main article is Volga Bulgaria
The 9th and 10th centuries saw the rise of the first organized state in the region, the Khanate of the Volga Bulgars. The population of Volga Bulgaria was largely agricultural. The cities of Bolghar, Bilär, and Suar, among others, appeared with the growth of industry (casting, forging) and trade. Crop-growing and a cattle-breeding played a major role in the economy. The farmers were predominantly free landowners.
In the early 900's the Volga Bulgars converted to Islam, causing their culture to be greatly influenced by that of the Muslim Middle East.
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See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan The main article is Khanate of Kazan
In the first half of the 15th century, as the result of Golden Horde's collapse, the Khanate of Kazan emerged as the dominant power in the Volga-Kama region. As Muscovy grew in power and struggled for control of trade routes and territory with the Golden Horde's successor states, Kazan was at times dominated by factions favorable to Moscow, and at other times by factions advocating alliance with other Tatar polities such as the Crimean Khanate. Finally ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan |
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| | | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia Main article: Imperial Russia.
The following article in the series describes how in the 18th century, Russia was transformed from a static, somewhat isolated, traditional state into the more dynamic, partially Westernized, and secularized Russian Empire. This transformation was in no small measure a result of the vision, energy, and determination of Peter the Great. Historians disagree about the extent to which Peter himself transformed Russia, but they generally concur that he laid the foundations for empire building over the ...
See also:Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia |
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| | | | | Crimean Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Crimea - Geography The Crimea borders the Kherson region from the North; the rest of the border is the Black Sea in the South and West and the Sea of Azov in the East. Its area is 26,100 square kilometres with a population of 2.0 million (2004-05-01). The capital is Simferopol.
Crimea is connected to the Ukrainian mainland by the 5–7 kilometre (3–4 mile) wide Isthmus of Perekop. At the eastern tip is the Kerch Peninsula, which is directly opposite the Taman Peninsula on the Russian mainland. Between the Kerch and Taman peninsula lies the 3–13 km (2–9 mi) wide Kerch Strait, which connects ...
See also:Crimea, Crimea - Geography, Crimea - History, Crimea - Early History, Crimea - Crimean Khanate, Crimea - Russian Empire, Crimea - Soviet Union & Nazi rule, Crimea - Autonomy in independent Ukraine Read more here: » Crimea: Encyclopedia II - Crimea - Geography |
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