Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread tick-borne viral disease, a zoonosis of domestic animals and wild animals, that may affect humans. The pathogenic virus, especially common in East and West Africa, is a member of the Bunyaviridae family of RNA viruses. Clinical disease is rare in infected mammals, but commonly severe in infected humans, with a 30% mortality rate. Outbreaks of illness are usually attributable to handling infected animals or people. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Ep ...

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• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Manifestations
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Public health measures
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Treatment
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Notable outbreaks

Read more here: » Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Encyclopedia - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

Sporadic infection of people is usually caused by Hyalomma tick bite. Clusters of illness typically appear after people treat, butcher or eat infected livestock, particularly ruminants and ostriches. Outbreaks have occurred in clinical facilities where health workers have been exposed to infected blood and fomites. The causitive organism is found in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, a belt across central Africa and South Africa and Madagascar (see map [1]) The main environmental reservoir for the virus is small mamm ...

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Manifestations, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Public health measures, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Treatment, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Notable outbreaks

Read more here: » Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Encyclopedia II - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology

Typically, after a 1–3 day incubation period following a tick bite (5–6 days after exposure to infected blood or tissues), flu-like symptoms appear, which may resolve after one week. In up to 75% of cases, however, signs of hemorrhage appear within 3–5 days of the onset of illness: first mood instability, agitation, mental confusion and throat petechiae, then soon nosebleeds, bloody urine and vomiting, and black stools. The liver becomes swollen and painful. Disseminated intravascular coagulation may occur as well as acute kidney fai ...

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Manifestations, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Public health measures, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Treatment, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Notable outbreaks

Read more here: » Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Encyclopedia II - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Manifestations

Where mammal and tick infection is common agricultural regulations require de-ticking farm animals before transportation or delivery for slaughter. Personal tick avoidance measures are recommended, such as use of insect repellents, adequate clothing and body inspection for adherent ticks. When feverish patients with evidence of bleeding require resuscitation or intensive care, body substance isolation procedures should be followed [2]. The United States armed forces maintain special stocks of ...

See also:

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Manifestations, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Public health measures, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Treatment, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Notable outbreaks

Read more here: » Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Encyclopedia II - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Public health measures