Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread tick-borne viral disease, a zoonosis of domestic animals and wild animals, that may affect humans. The pathogenic virus, especially common in East and West Africa, is a member of the Bunyaviridae family of RNA viruses. Clinical disease is rare in infected mammals, but commonly severe in infected humans, with a 30% mortality rate. Outbreaks of illness are usually attributable to handling infected animals or people. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Ep ...

Including:

• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Manifestations
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Public health measures
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Treatment
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Notable outbreaks

Read more here: » Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Encyclopedia - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

Sporadic infection of people is usually caused by Hyalomma tick bite. Clusters of illness typically appear after people treat, butcher or eat infected livestock, particularly ruminants and ostriches. Outbreaks have occurred in clinical facilities where health workers have been exposed to infected blood and fomites. The causitive organism is found in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, a belt across central Africa and South Africa and Madagascar (see map [1]) The main environmental reservoir for the virus is small mamm ...

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Manifestations, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Public health measures, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Treatment, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Notable outbreaks

Read more here: » Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Encyclopedia II - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - Epidemiology

Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans. The term is also used for the scientific theory of anthropogenic global warming, which attributes much of the recent observed and projected global warming to a human-induced intensification of the greenhouse effect. On this theory, the increased volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released mainly by the burning of fossil fuels, and, to a lesser extent, land clearing and agriculture, are the primary sources of warming. ...

Including:

• Global warming - Overview
• Global warming - Warming of the Earth
• Global warming - Causes of global warming
• Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions
• Global warming - Alternative theories
• Global warming - Climate models
• Global warming - Issues
• Global warming - Public controversy
• Global warming - Effects
• Global warming - Effects on ecosystems
• Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents
• Global warming - Environmental refugees
• Global warming - Spread of disease
• Global warming - Financial effects
• Global warming - Possible beneficial effects
• Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia - Global warming

Hepatomegaly is the condition of having an enlarged liver. It is a nonspecific medical sign having many causes. Hepatomegaly - Seen in incomplete list. alcoholism poisoning drugs bacterial infections viral infections infection from endoparasites Hypoglycemia Hepatitis Haemochromatosis Gaucher's disease Hunter syndrome Zellweger's syndrome Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Carnitin ...

Including:

• Hepatomegaly - Seen in incomplete list

Read more here: » Hepatomegaly: Encyclopedia - Hepatomegaly

Ribavirin (originally also known as Virazole) is a synthetic chemical not found in nature. It was first synthesized in 1970 (Lau, 2002-- see hepcassoc.org external link below) at ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (later Valeant Pharmaceuticals International) by chemist Joseph T. Witkowski, under the direction of laboratory director Roland K. Robins. (Robins [1926-92], a purine chemist, had earlier been the inventor of the highly successful purine-analogue pharmaceutical allopurinol). Ribavirin was discovered as part of a systematic ICN search of ant ...

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Ribavirin, Ribavirin - History, Ribavirin - Future: Other Viral Activities, Ribavirin - Chemistry, Ribavirin - Derivatives, Ribavirin - Viramidine, Ribavirin - Mechanisms of Action, Ribavirin - Pharmacology

Read more here: » Ribavirin: Encyclopedia II - Ribavirin - History

The predicted effects of global warming are many and various, both for the environment and for human life. The primary effect of global warming is increasing carbon dioxide and increasing global average surface temperature. From this flow a variety of secondary effects, including sea level rise, impacts on agriculture, reductions in the ozone layer (see above), increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, and the spread of disease. In some cases, the effects may already be being experienced, although it is impossible to attri ...

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Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Impact on Glaciers, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Effects

The predicted effects of global warming are many and various, both for the environment and for human life. The primary effect of global warming is increasing carbon dioxide and increasing global average surface temperature. From this flow a variety of secondary effects, including sea level rise, impacts on agriculture, reductions in the ozone layer (see below), increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, and the spread of disease. In some cases, the effects may already be being experienced, although it is impossible to attri ...

See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Effects

The predicted effects of global warming are many and various, both for the environment and for human life. The primary effect of global warming is increasing carbon dioxide and increasing global average surface temperature. From this flow a variety of secondary effects, including sea level rise, impacts on agriculture, reductions in the ozone layer (see above), increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, and the spread of disease. In some cases, the effects may already be being experienced, although it is impossible to attri ...

See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Effects

Main article: Global warming controversy There is an an ongoing dispute about what effect humans have on the global climate and what policies should be followed to mitigate any current detrimental effects, and prevent future detrimental effects. Although not fully settled, the current consensus from the official scientific communities on climate change is that recent warming is largely human-caused. According to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC, most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is 66% to 90% certain to have been due to radiative for ...

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Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Impact on Glaciers, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Public controversy

"Mitigation of global warming" covers all actions aimed at reducing the extent or likelihood of global warming. The world's primary international agreement on combating climate change is the Kyoto Protocol. Various other strategies include development of new technologies, wind power, nuclear power, renewable energy, biodiesel, electric cars (and hybrids), and fuel cells, Energy conservation, carbon taxes and carbon sequestration schemes. Adaptation stategies accept some warming as a given and focus on preventing or reducing undesirabl ...

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Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Main article: Ozone depletion Although they are often interlinked in the popular press, the connection between global warming and ozone depletion is not strong. There are four areas of linkage: Global warming from carbon dioxide radiative forcing is expected (perhaps somewhat surprisingly) to cool the stratosphere. This, in turn, would lead to a relative increase in ozone depletion and the frequency of ozone holes. Conversely, ozone depletion represents a radia ...

See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Impact on Glaciers, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Issues

"Mitigation of global warming" covers all actions aimed at reducing the extent or likelihood of global warming. The world's primary international agreement on combating climate change is the Kyoto Protocol. Various other strategies include development of new technologies, wind power, nuclear power, renewable energy, biodiesel, electric cars (and hybrids), and fuel cells, Energy conservation, carbon taxes and carbon sequestration schemes. Adaptation stategies accept some warming a ...

See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Impact on Glaciers, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

The climate system varies both through natural, "internal" processes as well as in response to variations in external "forcing" from both human and non-human causes, including changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun (Milankovitch cycles), solar activity, and volcanic emissions as well as greenhouse gases. Climatologists accept that the earth has warmed recently but the cause or causes of this change is somewhat more controversial, especially outside the scientific community. Atmospheric scientists know that adding carbon dioxide ( ...

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Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Causes of global warming

Scientists have studied this issue with computer models of the climate (see below). These models are accepted by the scientific community as being valid only after it has been shown that they do a good job of simulating known climate variations, such as the difference between summer and winter, the North Atlantic Oscillation, or El Niño. All climate models that pass these tests also predict that the net effect of adding greenhouse gases will be a warmer climate in the future. The amount of predicted warming varies by model, however, which p ...

See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Climate models

Main articles: Ozone depletion, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Issues

Main articles: Global warming controversy, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Public controversy

Scientists have studied this issue with computer models of the climate (see below). These models are accepted by the scientific community as being valid only after it has been shown that they do a good job of simulating known climate variations, such as the difference between summer and winter, the North Atlantic Oscillation, or El Niño. All climate models that pass these tests also predict that the net effect of adding greenhouse gases will be a warmer climate in the future. The amount of pre ...

See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Impact on Glaciers, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Climate models

Relative to 1860-1900 the global (land and sea) temperature has increased by 0.75 °C. Temperatures in the lower troposphere have increased between 0.12 and 0.22 °C per decade since 1979. Over the past one or two thousand years before 1850, world temperature is believed to have been relatively stable, with various (possibly local) fluctuations, such as the Medieval Warm Period or the Little Ice Age. Based on estimates by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2005 was the warmest year since reliable wide-spread instrum ...

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Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Impact on Glaciers, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Warming of the Earth

Scientists have studied this issue with computer models of the climate (see below). These models are accepted by the scientific community as being valid only after it has been shown that they do a good job of simulating known climate variations, such as the difference between summer and winter, the North Atlantic Oscillation, or El Niño. All climate models that pass these tests also predict that the net effect of adding greenhouse gases will be a warmer climate in the future. The amount of pre ...

See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Climate models

Main article: Ozone depletion Although they are often interlinked in the popular press, the connection between global warming and ozone depletion is not strong. There are four areas of linkage: Global warming from carbon dioxide radiative forcing is expected (perhaps somewhat surprisingly) to cool the stratosphere. This, in turn, would lead to a relative increase in ozone depletion and the frequency of ozone holes. Conversely, ozone depletion represents a radia ...

See also:

Global warming, Global warming - Overview, Global warming - Warming of the Earth, Global warming - Causes of global warming, Global warming - Greenhouse gas emissions, Global warming - Alternative theories, Global warming - Climate models, Global warming - Issues, Global warming - Public controversy, Global warming - Effects, Global warming - Effects on ecosystems, Global warming - Destabilisation of ocean currents, Global warming - Environmental refugees, Global warming - Spread of disease, Global warming - Financial effects, Global warming - Possible beneficial effects, Global warming - Mitigating and adapting to global warming

Read more here: » Global warming: Encyclopedia II - Global warming - Issues