Encyclopedia - Cretaceous: Encyclopedia - Cretaceous
The Cretaceous period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic period, about 146 mi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Late Cretaceous: Encyclopedia - Late Cretaceous
Late Cretaceous (also called the Upper Cretaceous) refers to the second half of the Cretaceous period, named after the famous white chalk...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cretaceous: Encyclopedia Ii - Cretaceous - Fauna
Cretaceous - Land animals. On land, mammals were a small and still relatively minor component of the fauna. The fauna was dominated by ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction Event: Encyclopedia - Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction Event
The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T or KT) extinction event, also known as the KT boundary, was a period of massive extinction of species, about...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event: Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event
An anoxic event occurs when the Earth's oceans become completely depleted of O2 below the surface levels. Anoxic event - Occurrence. Ano...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cenozoic: Encyclopedia - Cenozoic
The Cenozoic Era (sen-oh-ZOH-ik; sometimes Caenozoic Era in the United Kingdom) meaning "new life" (Greek kaino = new + zoikos = life) is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction Event - Casualties Of The Extinction
A wide range of organisms became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. The most conspicuous, of course, were the dinosaurs. While ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ceratopsia: Encyclopedia - Ceratopsia
Conservation status: Fossil The Ceratopsia (the name is Greek for "horned face") are a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs which thriv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Araucariaceae: Encyclopedia - Araucariaceae
Agathis Araucaria Wollemia The Araucariaceae are a very ancient family of conifers. They achieved maximum diversity in the Jurassic and C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coeluridae: Encyclopedia - Coeluridae
Coeluridae is a family of generally small, carnivorous dinosaurs from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. For many years, any small Jura...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Barremian: Encyclopedia - Barremian
The Barremian faunal stage was a period of geological time between 117 Ma and 113 Ma (million years ago). It is considered to be of the l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Interior Seaway: Encyclopedia - Western Interior Seaway
The Western Interior Seaway, also called the Cretaceous Seaway and the North American Inland Sea, was a huge inland sea that split the co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Albian: Encyclopedia - Albian
Albian (French Albion, from Alba = Aube in France) Albian is a stage of the Cretaceous period. Albian is a term proposed in 1842 by A. d'...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bennettitales: Encyclopedia - Bennettitales
Cycadeoidaceae Williamsoniaceae Bennettitales is an order of seed plants in the anthophyte clade that first appeared in the Triassic peri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Argentinosaurus: Encyclopedia - Argentinosaurus
Conservation status: Fossil A. huinculensis Argentinosaurus was a herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that is quite possibly the largest, heavi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ankylosauria: Encyclopedia - Ankylosauria
Conservation status: Fossil Ankylosauridae Nodosauridae The Ankylosauria, less formally known as the ankylosaurians, were a group of orni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Valanginian: Encyclopedia - Valanginian
In the geologic timescale, Valanginian is a stage of the Lower Cretaceous epoch. It spanned between 140.2 Ma and 136.4 Ma (million years ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berriasian: Encyclopedia - Berriasian
In the geologic timescale, Berriasian is a stage of the Lower Cretaceous epoch. It spanned between 145.5 Ma and 140.2 Ma (million years a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cimolodonta: Encyclopedia - Cimolodonta
The Cimolodonta are a taxon of extinct mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. They were some of the more derived members o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cenomanian: Encyclopedia - Cenomanian
The Cenomanian (also known as Woodbinian) is the first stage of the Late Cretaceous Epoch. It spans the time between 99.6 ± 0.9 Ma and 9...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coniacian: Encyclopedia - Coniacian
The Coniacian is a stage of the Late Cretaceous Epoch. It spans the time between 89.3 ± 1 Ma and 85.8 ± 0.7 Ma (million years ago). O...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aptian: Encyclopedia - Aptian
Aptian stage is a faunal of the Lower Cretaceous epoch in the geologic timescale, that is comprehended between 125 Ma and 112 Ma (million...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paleocene: Encyclopedia - Paleocene
The Paleocene epoch (65-56 MYA) ("early dawn of the recent") is the first geologic epoch of the Palaeogene period in the modern Cenozoic ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction Event - Theories
Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event - Alvarez hypothesis. In 1980, a team of researchers led by Nobel-prize-winning physicist Luis Alv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jurassic: Encyclopedia - Jurassic
The Jurassic period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 200 Ma (million years ago) at the end of the Triass...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Campanian: Encyclopedia - Campanian
The Campanian is a stage on the geologic time scale occurring from 83.5 ± 0.7 Ma to 70.6 ± 0.6 Ma (million years ago). It is the middle...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesozoic: Encyclopedia - Mesozoic
The Mesozoic is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. The division of time into eras dates back to Giovanni Arduino in the 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baculite: Encyclopedia - Baculite
all extinct Baculites ("walking stick rock") is a genus of extinct marine animals in the phylum Mollusca and class Cephalopoda. They are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beipiaosaurus: Encyclopedia - Beipiaosaurus
Beipiaosaurus inexpectus is a therizinosauroid, a member of a bizarre group of theropod dinosaurs. The discovery of Beipiaosaurus (bay-pe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ceratosauria: Encyclopedia - Ceratosauria
Elaphrosauridae Ceratosauridae Noasauridae Abelisauridae Ceratosaurs are a group of Theropod dinosaurs defined as all theropods sharing a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belemnoidea: Encyclopedia - Belemnoidea
Aulacocerida Phragmoteuthida Belemnitida Diplobelida Belemnoteuthina Belemnites (or belemnoids) are an extinct group of marine cephalopod...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Choristodera: Encyclopedia - Choristodera
Cteniogenidae Simoedosauridae Champsosauridae Choristodera is an order of semi-aquatic diapsid reptiles which ranged from the Middle Jura...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zalambdalestes: Encyclopedia - Zalambdalestes
Zalambdalestes was a placentary mammal living during the Upper Cretaceous in Mongolia. Like posterior Leptictidium, Zalambdalestes was a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chicxulub Crater: Encyclopedia - Chicxulub Crater
Chicxulub Crater is an ancient impact crater buried underneath the Yucatan peninsula, with its center located approximately underneath th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ampelosaurus: Encyclopedia - Ampelosaurus
Conservation status: Fossil A. atacis (type) Ampelosaurus atacis is a titanosaurid sauropod dinosaur hailing from the Late Cretaceous Mar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Danian: Encyclopedia - Danian
The Danian (also known as the Montian) is the first stage of the Paleocene Epoch. The beginning of the stage is defined by the Cretaceous...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Caudipteryx: Encyclopedia - Caudipteryx
C. zoui Ji, Currie, Norell & Ji, 1998 C. dongi Zhou & Wang, 2000 Caudipteryx was a genus of small, peacock-sized Early ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carinatae: Encyclopedia - Carinatae
In phylogenetic taxonomy, the Carinatae are considered the last common ancestor of Neornithes (living birds) and Ichthyornis (an extinct ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Confuciusornis: Encyclopedia - Confuciusornis
Confuciusornis is a genus of crow-sized prehistoric bird from the Early Cretaceous of China, approximately 120 million years ago. Like mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Measure: Encyclopedia - Coal Measure
A coal measure (stratigraphic unit) is the name given to any rock sequence that occurs in the upper part of the Carboniferous System in E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coastal Plain: Encyclopedia - Coastal Plain
In geography, a coastal plain is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast and separated from the interior by other features...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adasaurus: Encyclopedia - Adasaurus
Conservation status: Fossil Adasaurus (Ada Lizard) was a bird-like carnivorous dinosaur that lived 70 million years ago, during the late ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yixian Formation: Encyclopedia - Yixian Formation
The Yixian Formation is a geological formation in Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that stems from the early Cretaceous period. It i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Velociraptor: Encyclopedia - Velociraptor
Velociraptor mongoliensis (pronounced /vɛ.ˌla.sɪ.ˈræp.tər/, or approximately veh-loss-ih-RAP-tor) meaning "swift thief", referring ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction Event - Further Skepticism
Skeptics remain. Although there is now general agreement that there was at least one huge impact at the end of the Cretaceous that led to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of Hertfordshire: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of Hertfordshire - The Cretaceous
On the northern boundary and just inside the county, at the foot of the chalk Chiltern Hills, near Tring and Ashwell, there is a small st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Bryce Canyon Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Bryce Canyon Area - Deposition Of Exposed Rock Units
Geology of the Bryce Canyon area - Cretaceous Seaway and aftermath. The Dakota Sandstone consists of a basal conglomerate and fossil-ri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Anoxic Event - Mechanism
The mechanism by which anoxic events occur is still very poorly understood. It is believed that, with the oceans very warm, and, in the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dinosaurs Of The Isle Of Wight: Encyclopedia Ii - Dinosaurs Of The Isle Of Wight - List Of Dinosaur Species
Unless otherwise specified, the follow is a list of dinosaurs for which almost complete skeletons have been found on the island. There ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - London-brabant Island: Encyclopedia Ii - London-brabant Island - The Carboniferous
The period from which the island has exercised most influence on modern Europe was the Carboniferous. As the continent was drifting past ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of Australia: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of Australia - Geological History
The geological history of the Australian continental mass is extremely prolonged and involved, continuing from the Archaean to the recent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Capitol Reef Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Capitol Reef Area - Jurassic Events
Geology of the Capitol Reef area - Glen Canyon Group. All three formations of the Glen Canyon Group were laid down in the Mid to Late T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Zion And Kolob Canyons Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Zion And Kolob Canyons Area - Deposition Of Sediments
Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area - Kaibab Formation Upper Permian. In later Permian time, the Toroweap basin (see above) was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dinosaurs Of The Isle Of Wight: Encyclopedia Ii - Dinosaurs Of The Isle Of Wight - The Cretaceous Habitat
The Island's dinosaurs come from the Wessex formation, which dates from between 125 and 110 million years go. During this time the Isle o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Capitol Reef Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Capitol Reef Area - Cretaceous Events
Geology of the Capitol Reef area - Cedar Mountain and Dakota Sandstone. Early Cretaceous time brought continental deposition that was d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Anoxic Event - Occurrence
Anoxic events occur only during periods of very warm climate characterised by high levels of CO2, usually above 1800 ppmv, and mean surfa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of Hertfordshire: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of Hertfordshire - The Tertiary
The Palaeocene Reading beds consist of mottled and yellow clays and sands, the latter are frequently hardened into masses made up of pebb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abelisauridae: Encyclopedia Ii - Abelisauridae - Evolution
Despite being regarded as a typical Cretaceous group, it is very possible that there were already abelisaurids during the Middle Jurassic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anoxic Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Anoxic Event - Consequences
Anoxic events have had many important consequences. It is believed that they have been responsible for mass extinctions of marine organis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of Hertfordshire: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of Hertfordshire - The Ice Age
About 500,000 years ago during the ice age period known as the Anglian glaciation, glaciers approached from the North Sea and reached as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - London-brabant Island: Encyclopedia Ii - London-brabant Island - The Permian And Triassic
As the continent drifted northwards, away from the Equator, through the latitudes represented today by the Sahara desert, the erosion was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - London-brabant Island: Encyclopedia Ii - London-brabant Island - Rhaetic Transgression
In the early Jurassic, the Rhaetic sea flooded much of the Permian plain. On the margin of the London-Brabant Island, the estuarine condi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of Australia: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of Australia - Palaeozoic
Geology of Australia - Cambrian. The Stavely Zone in Victoria is a boninite to MORB basalt terrane considered to have been connected wi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of Australia: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of Australia - Mesozoic
Geology of Australia - Permo-Triassic. The Permian to Triasssic in Australia is dominated by subduction zones on the eastern margin of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of Australia: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of Australia - Palaeocene To Recent
Geology of Australia - Tertiary. The Tertiary saw the majority of Australian tectonism cease. Sparse examples of intraplate volcanism e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Capitol Reef Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Capitol Reef Area - Triassic Events
Geology of the Capitol Reef area - Moenkopi Formation. Local climatic conditions were wetter and more tropical in the Early Triassic th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pterosaur: Encyclopedia Ii - Pterosaur - Evolution And Extinction
Because pterosaur anatomy has been so heavily modified for flight, the ancestry of pterosaurs is not well understood. However, they are g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Zion And Kolob Canyons Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Zion And Kolob Canyons Area - Tectonic Activity And Canyon Formation
Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area - Regional forces. Compression from subduction off the west coast affected the area to some ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Zion And Kolob Canyons Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Zion And Kolob Canyons Area - The Grand Staircase And Basement Rocks
The oldest exposed formation in the park is the youngest exposed formation in the Grand Canyon—the approximately 240-million-year-old K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polar Dinosaurs In Australia: Encyclopedia Ii - Polar Dinosaurs In Australia - Gondwana’s Climate
During the Cretaceous, Earth's average temperature was warmer than it is now, making the polar regions more habitable. The exact nature o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Titanosauridae: Encyclopedia Ii - Titanosauridae - Range
The titanosaurs were the last great group of sauropods before the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, about 65–90 million years ago, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paleocene: Encyclopedia Ii - Paleocene - Paleocene Fauna
Paleocene - Mammals. Mammals had first appeared in the Triassic, and developed alongside the dinosaurs, exploiting ecological niches un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ankylosaurus: Encyclopedia Ii - Ankylosaurus - Environment
Ankylosaurus existed between 65 and 70 million years ago, in the Maastrichian age of the Late Cretaceous period, and was one of the last ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crustacean: Encyclopedia Ii - Crustacean - Geological History
Although crustaceans are rarer as fossils than trilobites are, a number of different types of crustaceans are common in the rocks of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Choristodera: Encyclopedia Ii - Choristodera - Description/phylogeny
Champsosauridae is the most common family of the Choristodera and typifies the group. Champsosaurus was first described from Late Cretace...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anseriformes: Encyclopedia Ii - Anseriformes - Evolution
The earliest known Anseriform is the recently discovered Vegavis, which lived during the Cretaceous period [1]. It is thought that the An...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Impact Crater: Encyclopedia Ii - Impact Crater - History
Daniel Barringer (1860-1929) was one of the first to identify a geological structure as an impact crater, the Barringer Meteorite Crater ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Impact Crater: Encyclopedia Ii - Impact Crater - Formation And Structure
An object falling from open space hits the Earth with a minimum velocity of 11.6 km/s (7 mi/s). Since the energy from motion grows as the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Impact Crater: Encyclopedia Ii - Impact Crater - Crater Categorization
In 1978, Chuck Wood and Leif Andersson of the Lunar & Planetary Lab devised a system of categorization of lunar impact craters. They ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ammolite: Encyclopedia Ii - Ammolite - Formation, Occurrence, And Extraction
Ammolite comes from the fossil shells of the Upper Cretaceous disk-shaped ammonites Placenticeras meeki and Placenticeras intercalare, an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Impact Crater: Encyclopedia Ii - Impact Crater - Lists Of Craters
Impact crater - Notable impact craters on Earth. Barringer Crater (US) Carolina bays (Eastern US) Chesapeake Bay impact crater (Easter...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Impact Crater: Encyclopedia Ii - Impact Crater - Lists Of Craters
Impact crater - Notable impact craters on Earth. Barringer Crater (US) Chesapeake Bay impact crater (Eastern US) Chicxulub Crater (Mex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Silverpit Crater: Encyclopedia Ii - Silverpit Crater - Age
The position of the crater within the layers of rock and sediment on the sea floor can be used to constrain its age: sediments laid down ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paleocene: Encyclopedia Ii - Paleocene - Paleocene Oceans
Warm seas circulated throughout the world, including the poles. The earliest Paleocene featured a low diversity and abundance of marine l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bryce Canyon National Park: Encyclopedia Ii - Bryce Canyon National Park - Geology
The Bryce Canyon area shows a record of deposition that spans from the last part of the Cretaceous period and the first half of the Cenoz...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Capitol Reef Area: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Capitol Reef Area - Permian Events
Geology of the Capitol Reef area - Cutler Group. In early Permian time Utah was on a continental shelf that was occasionally covered by...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plagiaulacida: Encyclopedia Ii - Plagiaulacida - Paulchoffatiid Line
Some remains from the Middle Jurassic of England might belong within this group. Representatives are best known from the Upper Jurassic, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ammolite: Encyclopedia Ii - Ammolite - Formation Occurrence And Extraction
Ammolite comes from the fossil shells of the Upper Cretaceous disk-shaped ammonites Placenticeras meeki and Placenticeras intercalare, an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Extinction Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Extinction Event - Extinction Events
The classical "Big Five" mass extinctions identified by Raup and Sepkoski (1982) are widely agreed upon as some of the most significant:...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eucynodontia: Encyclopedia Ii - Eucynodontia - Gomphodonts And Tritylodonts
Traditionally, the herbivoreous counterparts of the chiniquodontoids were grouped together under the term gomphodonts, ("peg teeth"). The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iguanodon: Encyclopedia Ii - Iguanodon - Description
Iguanodon is an ornithopod dinosaur, roughly halfway between the early hypsilophodontids and their ultimate culmination in the duck-bille...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography Of Ethiopia: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography Of Ethiopia - Geology
The East African tableland is continued into Ethiopia. Since the visit of W. T. Blanford in 1870 the geology has received little attentio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Asterales: Encyclopedia Ii - Asterales - Evolution And Biogeography
The Asterales order probably originated in Cretaceous on the supercontinent Gondwana, in the area which is now Australia and Asia. Althou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fauna Of Australia: Encyclopedia Ii - Fauna Of Australia - Mammals
Australia has a rich mammalian fossil history, as well as a variety of extant mammalian species, dominated by the marsupials. The fossil ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Prehistoric Mammals: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Prehistoric Mammals - Subclass Theria
List of prehistoric mammals - Infraclass Pantotheria. Late Triassic–Late Cretaceous Zhangheotherium Maotherium Late Trias...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Extinction Event: Encyclopedia Ii - Extinction Event - Causes For Mass Extinction
With the exception of the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction, which is widely attributed to an impact event, and modern day extinctions ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dominican Amber: Encyclopedia Ii - Dominican Amber - Movies
Dominican Amber played a major part in the movie Jurassic Park, where dinosaur DNA is taken from mosquitoes embedded in Dominican Amber a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hylaeosaurus: Encyclopedia Ii - Hylaeosaurus - Description And Environment
Hylaeosaurus lived about 135 million years ago, in the Valanginian to Berriasian ages of the early Cretaceous. Gideon Mantell originally ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Cretaceous Period: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Cretaceous Period
Cretaceous Period. See GEOLOGIC ERAS   (See also: Cretaceous Period , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cretaceous: Encyclopedia Ii - Cretaceous - Paleogeography
During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic - early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangea completed its breakup into present day continents, al...   » Read the article