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cranium | A Wisdom Archive on cranium | | cranium A selection of articles related to cranium | |
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cranium, Cranium
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO cranium | | | |  cranium: Encyclopedia II - Telencephalon - Cell regeneration
Telencephalon - Xenopus laevis.
In a study of the telencephalon conducted in Hokkaido University on African clawed frogs (xenopus laevis)[2], it was discovered that during larval stages the telencephalon was able to regenerate around half of the anterior portion (otherwise known as partially truncated), after a reconstruction o ...
See also:Telencephalon, Telencephalon - Structure, Telencephalon - Composition, Telencephalon - Functions, Telencephalon - Language and communication, Telencephalon - Movement, Telencephalon - Olfaction, Telencephalon - Memory, Telencephalon - Emotion, Telencephalon - Programmed cell death, Telencephalon - Purpose, Telencephalon - Effects, Telencephalon - Stages, Telencephalon - Cell regeneration, Telencephalon - Xenopus laevis Read more here: » Telencephalon: Encyclopedia II - Telencephalon - Cell regeneration |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Telencephalon - Programmed cell death
Telencephalon - Purpose.
Programmed Cell Death (PCD) is not uncommon within the telencephalon or it's sub-regions. It is thought to be one of the processes by which growth and differentation grows, and is a universal feature of the embryonic and postnatal central nervous system [1], and has been noted to be at work within the telencephalons of animals such as rats, mice, and other vermin. In some animals such as the mo ...
See also:Telencephalon, Telencephalon - Structure, Telencephalon - Composition, Telencephalon - Functions, Telencephalon - Language and communication, Telencephalon - Movement, Telencephalon - Olfaction, Telencephalon - Memory, Telencephalon - Emotion, Telencephalon - Programmed cell death, Telencephalon - Purpose, Telencephalon - Effects, Telencephalon - Stages, Telencephalon - Cell regeneration, Telencephalon - Xenopus laevis Read more here: » Telencephalon: Encyclopedia II - Telencephalon - Programmed cell death |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Infant - Infant mortality Infant mortality is the death of infants in the first year of life. Infant mortality can be subdivided into neonatal death, referring to deaths in the first 27 days of life, and post-neonatal death, referring to deaths after 28 days of life. Major causes of infant mortality include dehydration, infection, congenital malformation, and SIDS.
This epidemiological indicator is recognised as a very important measure of the level of healthcare in a country because it is directly linked with the health status of infants, children, and pregnant women as well as access to medical care, socio-econom ...
See also:Infant, Infant - The newborn's appearance, Infant - The newborn's senses, Infant - Infant mortality, Infant - Feeding and lifestyle Read more here: » Infant: Encyclopedia II - Infant - Infant mortality |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Infant - The newborn's senses Newborns can feel all different sensations, but respond most enthusiastically to soft stroking, cuddling and caressing. Gentle rocking back and forth will oftentimes calm a crying infant, as will massages and warm baths. Newborns may comfort themselves by sucking their thumbs, or a pacifier. The need to suckle is instinctive and allows newborns to feed.
Newborn infants have unremarkable vision, being able to focus on objects only about 18 inches directly in front of their face. While this may not be much, it is all that is needed for ...
See also:Infant, Infant - The newborn's appearance, Infant - The newborn's senses, Infant - Infant mortality, Infant - Feeding and lifestyle Read more here: » Infant: Encyclopedia II - Infant - The newborn's senses |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Physical traits The following is a list of physical traits that distinguish Neanderthals from modern humans; however, not all of them can be used to distinguish specific Neanderthal populations, from various geographic areas or periods of evolution, from other extinct humans. Also, many of these traits occasionally manifest in modern humans, particularly among certain ethnic groups. Nothing is known about the skin color, the hair, or the shape of soft part ...
See also:Neanderthal, Neanderthal - Name and classification, Neanderthal - Discovery, Neanderthal - Physical traits, Neanderthal - Language, Neanderthal - Tools, Neanderthal - Key dates, Neanderthal - Popular culture Read more here: » Neanderthal: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Physical traits |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Discovery A Neanderthal skull was first discovered in Forbes' Quarry, Gibraltar in 1848, eight years prior to the "original" discovery in a limestone quarry of the Neander Valley (near Düsseldorf) in August, 1856, three years before Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species was published.
The type specimen, dubbed Neanderthal 1, consisted of a skull cap, two femora, three bones from the right arm, two from the left arm, part of the left ilium, fragments of a scapula, and ribs. The workers who recovered this material originally thought i ...
See also:Neanderthal, Neanderthal - Name and classification, Neanderthal - Discovery, Neanderthal - Physical traits, Neanderthal - Language, Neanderthal - Tools, Neanderthal - Key dates, Neanderthal - Popular culture Read more here: » Neanderthal: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Discovery |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Name and classification The term "Neanderthal Man" was coined in 1863 by Irish anatomist William King. Neanderthal is now spelled two ways: The spelling of the German word Thal, meaning "valley or dale", was changed to Tal in the early 20th century, but the former spelling is often retained in English and always in scientific names, while the modern spelling is used in German. The Neanderthal or "Neander valley" was named after theologian Joachim N ...
See also:Neanderthal, Neanderthal - Name and classification, Neanderthal - Discovery, Neanderthal - Physical traits, Neanderthal - Language, Neanderthal - Tools, Neanderthal - Key dates, Neanderthal - Popular culture Read more here: » Neanderthal: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Name and classification |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Language The theory that Neanderthals lacked complex language was widespread until 1983, when a Neanderthal hyoid bone was found at the Kebara Cave in Israel. The bone that was found is virtually identical to that of modern humans. The hyoid is a small bone that holds the root of the tongue in place, a requirement to human speech and, therefore, its presence seems to imply some ability to speak.
Many people believe that even without the hyoid bone evidence, it is obvious that tools as advanced as those of the Mousterian Era, attributed to Neanderthals, could not have been developed without cognitive skills en ...
See also:Neanderthal, Neanderthal - Name and classification, Neanderthal - Discovery, Neanderthal - Physical traits, Neanderthal - Language, Neanderthal - Tools, Neanderthal - Key dates, Neanderthal - Popular culture Read more here: » Neanderthal: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Language |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Tools Neanderthal (Middle Paleolithic) archeological sites show both a smaller and a less flexible toolkit than in the Upper Paleolithic sites, occupied by modern humans that replaced them.
There is little evidence that Neanderthals used antlers, shell, or other bone materials to make tools: their bone industry was relatively simple. However, there is good evidence that they routinely constructed a variety of stone implements. The Neanderthal (Mousterian) tool case consisted of sophisticated stone-flakes, task-specific hand axes, and spears. ...
See also:Neanderthal, Neanderthal - Name and classification, Neanderthal - Discovery, Neanderthal - Physical traits, Neanderthal - Language, Neanderthal - Tools, Neanderthal - Key dates, Neanderthal - Popular culture Read more here: » Neanderthal: Encyclopedia II - Neanderthal - Tools |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Teachings In his posthumously published book, The Human Phenomenon, Teilhard sets forth a sweeping account of the unfolding of the material cosmos in the past up to and including the development of the noosphere in the present and including his vision of the Omega Point in the future.
Teilhard de Chardin is the proponent of orthogenesis, the idea that evolution occurs in a directional, goal driven way. This is often viewed as a teleological view of evolution. This still would not be the same as teleological implications of intelligent de ...
See also:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Biography, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Early years, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Jesuit training, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Paleontology, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - War service, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - China, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - World travels, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Death, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Controversy with Church officials, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Teachings, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Teilhard in popular culture, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Bibliography Read more here: » Pierre Teilhard de Chardin: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Teachings |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Controversy with Church officials In 1925, Teilhard was ordered by the Jesuit Superior General Vladimir Ledochowski to leave his teaching position in France and to sign a statement withdrawing his controversial statements regarding the doctrine of original sin. Rather than leave the Jesuit order, Teilhard signed the statement and left for China.
This was the first of a series of condemnations by certain church officials that would continue until long after Teilhard's death. The climax of these condemnations was a 1962 monitum of the Holy Office denouncing his works. F ...
See also:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Biography, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Early years, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Jesuit training, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Paleontology, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - War service, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - China, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - World travels, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Death, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Controversy with Church officials, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Teachings, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Teilhard in popular culture, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Bibliography Read more here: » Pierre Teilhard de Chardin: Encyclopedia II - Pierre Teilhard de Chardin - Controversy with Church officials |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Head - Cultural import
People who are more intelligent than normal are sometimes depicted in cartoons as having bigger heads, as a way of indicating that they have more brains; in science fiction, an alien having a big head is often symbolic of high intelligence. However, minor changes in brain size do not have much affect on intelligence in humans.
For humans, the head and particularly the face are the main distinguishing feature between different people, due to their easily discernible features such as hair and eye color, nose, eye and mouth shapes, wrinkles, etc.
In English slang, sometimes a boastful ...
See also:Head, Head - Anatomy, Head - Human head anatomy, Head - The face, Head - Cultural import, Head - Clothing, Head - Pseudoscientific study of the human head Read more here: » Head: Encyclopedia II - Head - Cultural import |
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| | | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Joint - Structural classification Structurally, joints are classified as:
fibrous - bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue.
cartilaginous - bones are connected by cartilage.
synovial - there is a space (synovial cavity) between the articulating bones.
Joint - Fibrous joints.
In fibrous joints bones are joined by tight and inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen fibers. In adults, these are not designed to allow any movement; however, in ...
See also:Joint, Joint - Classification, Joint - Structural classification, Joint - Fibrous joints, Joint - Cartilaginous joints, Joint - Synovial joints, Joint - Functional classification, Joint - Synarthrosis joints, Joint - Amphiarthrosis joints, Joint - Diarthrosis joints Read more here: » Joint: Encyclopedia II - Joint - Structural classification |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Ethmoid bone - Articulations The ethmoid articulates with fifteen bones: four of the cranium—the frontal, the sphenoid, and the two sphenoidal conchæ; and eleven of the face—the two nasals, two maxillæ, two lacrimals, two palatines, two inferior nasal conchæ, and the vomer.
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice wh ...
See also:Ethmoid bone, Ethmoid bone - Cribriform plate, Ethmoid bone - Perpendicular plate, Ethmoid bone - Labyrinth, Ethmoid bone - Surfaces, Ethmoid bone - Ossification, Ethmoid bone - Articulations Read more here: » Ethmoid bone: Encyclopedia II - Ethmoid bone - Articulations |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - City of Heroes - Suit by Marvel In November 2004, Marvel Comics filed a lawsuit against City of Heroes developer Cryptic Studios and publisher NCSoft alleging that the game not only allows, but actively promotes, the creation of characters whose copyrights and trademarks are owned by Marvel, and that Cryptic has intentionally failed to police these infringing characters. The suit seeks unspecified damages and an injunction to force th ...
See also:City of Heroes, City of Heroes - Overview, City of Heroes - Character creation, City of Heroes - Origins, City of Heroes - Archetypes and Power Sets, City of Heroes - Costumes, City of Heroes - Enhancements and inspirations, City of Heroes - Enhancements, City of Heroes - Inspirations, City of Heroes - Influence, City of Heroes - Enemies, City of Heroes - Badges plaques and accolades, City of Heroes - Geography, City of Heroes - Updates, City of Heroes - Criticism, City of Heroes - Praise, City of Heroes - Awards, City of Heroes - Servers, City of Heroes - American, City of Heroes - European, City of Heroes - Subscription, City of Heroes - Payment options, City of Heroes - Beyond the computer, City of Heroes - The comic book, City of Heroes - The Novels, City of Heroes - Collectible card game, City of Heroes - Role-playing game, City of Heroes - Suit by Marvel, City of Heroes - Communities, City of Heroes - Official forums, City of Heroes - Fan Sites, City of Heroes - LiveJournal communities, City of Heroes - alt.games.coh Read more here: » City of Heroes: Encyclopedia II - City of Heroes - Suit by Marvel |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Occipital bone - Lateral parts The lateral parts (pars lateralis) are situated at the sides of the foramen magnum; on their under surfaces are the condyles for articulation with the superior facets of the atlas.
The condyles are oval or reniform in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum.
The articular surfaces of the condyles are convex ...
See also:Occipital bone, Occipital bone - The squama, Occipital bone - Surfaces, Occipital bone - Lateral parts, Occipital bone - Basilar part, Occipital bone - Surfaces, Occipital bone - Foramen magnum, Occipital bone - Angles, Occipital bone - Borders, Occipital bone - Structure, Occipital bone - Ossification, Occipital bone - Articulations Read more here: » Occipital bone: Encyclopedia II - Occipital bone - Lateral parts |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Occipital bone - Basilar part The basilar part (pars basilaris) extends forward and upward from the foramen magnum, and presents in front an area more or less quadrilateral in outline.
In the young skull this area is rough and uneven, and is joined to the body of the sphenoid by a plate of cartilage.
By the twenty-fifth year this cartilaginous plate is ossified, and the occipital and sphenoid form a continuous bone.
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See also:Occipital bone, Occipital bone - The squama, Occipital bone - Surfaces, Occipital bone - Lateral parts, Occipital bone - Basilar part, Occipital bone - Surfaces, Occipital bone - Foramen magnum, Occipital bone - Angles, Occipital bone - Borders, Occipital bone - Structure, Occipital bone - Ossification, Occipital bone - Articulations Read more here: » Occipital bone: Encyclopedia II - Occipital bone - Basilar part |
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| | | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - Occipital bone - Articulations The occipital articulates with six bones: the two parietals, the two temporals, the sphenoid, and the atlas.
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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See also:Occipital bone, Occipital bone - The squama, Occipital bone - Surfaces, Occipital bone - Lateral parts, Occipital bone - Basilar part, Occipital bone - Surfaces, Occipital bone - Foramen magnum, Occipital bone - Angles, Occipital bone - Borders, Occipital bone - Structure, Occipital bone - Ossification, Occipital bone - Articulations Read more here: » Occipital bone: Encyclopedia II - Occipital bone - Articulations |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - City of Heroes - Beyond the computer
City of Heroes - The comic book.
North American subscribers to the game receive the City of Heroes monthly comic book in the mail; it is also available in some comic book stores. The comic follows the adventures of fictional Paragon City heroes and ties into the game's plot development at times, as well as featuring a section devoted to fan art, fan fiction, and other miscellany in the back. At times, this rear section has also included comic strips by Scott Kurtz of the PvP ...
See also:City of Heroes, City of Heroes - Overview, City of Heroes - Character creation, City of Heroes - Origins, City of Heroes - Archetypes and Power Sets, City of Heroes - Costumes, City of Heroes - Enhancements and inspirations, City of Heroes - Enhancements, City of Heroes - Inspirations, City of Heroes - Influence, City of Heroes - Enemies, City of Heroes - Badges plaques and accolades, City of Heroes - Geography, City of Heroes - Updates, City of Heroes - Criticism, City of Heroes - Praise, City of Heroes - Awards, City of Heroes - Servers, City of Heroes - American, City of Heroes - European, City of Heroes - Subscription, City of Heroes - Payment options, City of Heroes - Beyond the computer, City of Heroes - The comic book, City of Heroes - The Novels, City of Heroes - Collectible card game, City of Heroes - Role-playing game, City of Heroes - Suit by Marvel, City of Heroes - Communities, City of Heroes - Official forums, City of Heroes - Fan Sites, City of Heroes - LiveJournal communities, City of Heroes - alt.games.coh Read more here: » City of Heroes: Encyclopedia II - City of Heroes - Beyond the computer |
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| | | | | cranium: Encyclopedia II - City of Heroes - Subscription As in other MMORPGs, players must pay the publisher (NCSoft) a monthly fee to continue playing City of Heroes. Portions of the subscription costs go to supporting a full-time "live" team, which develops additional content for the game; other portions support the significant server maintenance and bandwidth costs. Paragoncity.com has an article on why MMORPGs have recurring fees [1]. In addition to paying subscription fees via credit card, another option is pre-paid cards that are available at video game retailers. Once purchased, the player inputs a code from the card and their account is updated to allow ...
See also:City of Heroes, City of Heroes - Overview, City of Heroes - Character creation, City of Heroes - Origins, City of Heroes - Archetypes and Power Sets, City of Heroes - Costumes, City of Heroes - Enhancements and inspirations, City of Heroes - Enhancements, City of Heroes - Inspirations, City of Heroes - Influence, City of Heroes - Enemies, City of Heroes - Badges plaques and accolades, City of Heroes - Geography, City of Heroes - Updates, City of Heroes - Criticism, City of Heroes - Praise, City of Heroes - Awards, City of Heroes - Servers, City of Heroes - American, City of Heroes - European, City of Heroes - Subscription, City of Heroes - Payment options, City of Heroes - Beyond the computer, City of Heroes - The comic book, City of Heroes - The Novels, City of Heroes - Collectible card game, City of Heroes - Role-playing game, City of Heroes - Suit by Marvel, City of Heroes - Communities, City of Heroes - Official forums, City of Heroes - Fan Sites, City of Heroes - LiveJournal communities, City of Heroes - alt.games.coh Read more here: » City of Heroes: Encyclopedia II - City of Heroes - Subscription |
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