Cossack Hetmanate

The Hetmanate was a semiautonomous Cossack suzerainty in Left-bank Ukraine, owing fealty to the tsar of Muscovy. It was established as a result of the Treaty of Pereyaslav (Pereyaslavs'ka Rada) in 1654, and its boundaries set following the Treaty of Andrusovo (Andrusiv) of 1667, which gave Right-bank Ukraine to Poland and retained Left-bank Ukraine for Russia (at the time Muscovy). The Hetmanate's first hetman was Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Its capital was at Chyhyryn, and later at Baturyn and Hlukhiv. ...

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Whatever the nature of the treaty, the consequences were more clear over time. Major consequences of the treaty included the separation of Ukraine from formerly dominant Catholic Poland, the re-strengthening of Orthodoxy in the historic center of Ukraine, and the eventual domination of Ukraine by neighboring Orthodox Russia. In the long run, the consequences for Ukraine were pivotal. Polish colonization and Polonization of the upper class soon became replaced by a systematic process of Russification, culminating in the Ems Ukaz, which ...

See also:

Treaty of Pereyaslav, Treaty of Pereyaslav - Historical consequences

Read more here: » Treaty of Pereyaslav: Encyclopedia II - Treaty of Pereyaslav - Historical consequences

For the ghost town in Western Australia, see Cossack, Western Australia. Cossack is the common name that has been independently shared by several population groups and military units throughout the history of Eastern Europe and some adjacent territories. The most prominent and numerous are the Ukrainian Cossacks (Козаки) and the Russian Cossacks (Казаки) of the Don, Terek and Ural regions. Russian Cossacks were considerably involved in the colonizing of Siberia. In the middle of the 17th century ...

Including:

• Cossack - History
• Cossack - Russian Cossacks
• Cossack - Cossack Settlements
• Cossack - Cossacks during the final years of the Russian Empire
• Cossack - Cossacks After the Revolution
• Cossack - Cossack organization
• Cossack - Cossacks and religion
• Cossack - Popular image of Cossacks
• Cossack - Terminology
• Cossack - Ukrainian Cossacks
• Cossack - Russian Cossacks
• Cossack - Tatar Cossacks

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Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Ukrainian, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bogdan Khmel'nitsky) (c. 1595 – August 6, 1657) was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth noble of Polish or Ruthenian origin, leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine, noted for his revolt against Poland (1648 – 1654) and the Treaty of Pereyaslavl which even ...

Including:

• Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Biography
• Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Early life
• Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Cossack leader
• Bohdan Khmelnytsky - The Uprising
• Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Khmelnytsky in Fiction
• Bohdan Khmelnytsky - External link

Read more here: » Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia - Bohdan Khmelnytsky

Zaporizhia (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя, Zaporizhzhia; Russian: Запорожье, Zaporozh'ye) is a city in south-eastern Ukraine, the capital of Zaporizhia Oblast. It lies on the banks of the Dnieper river. Zaporizhia has 900,000 inhabitants (2004). It is an important industrial center of Ukraine, particularly a home for: famous hydroelectric power plant known as "DnieproGES"; ZAZ, the country's main car manufacturing company; "Motor-Sitch" design-bureau and production company, th ...

Including:

• Zaporizhzhia - History

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Chernihiv or Chernigov is an ancient city in northern Ukraine, the capital of Chernihiv Oblast (province). The city population is 295,500 (2004). (Ukrainian: Чернігів, Chernihiv; Russian: Чернигов, Chernigov). Chernihiv - History. Chernigov was first mentioned in chronicles in 907, but is considered to have existed at least in the ninth century, as uncovered by archeological excavations of a settle ...

Including:

• Chernihiv - History
• Chernihiv - Downtown
• Chernihiv - Monasteries

Read more here: » Chernihiv: Encyclopedia - Chernihiv

Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, Ukrayina, /ukraˈjina/) is a country in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the northeast, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. The territory of present-day Ukraine was a key centre of East Slavic culture in the Middle Ages, before being divided between a variety of powers, notably Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Austrian Empire, Romania and the Ott ...

Including:

• Ukraine - Name
• Ukraine - History
• Ukraine - Government and Politics
• Ukraine - Subdivisions
• Ukraine - Geography
• Ukraine - Economy
• Ukraine - Demographics
• Ukraine - Religion
• Ukraine - Culture
• Ukraine - Miscellaneous topics

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Ataman (variants: wataman, vataman, otaman, Cyrillic: атаман (Russian), ватаман (Russian, regional), отаман (Ukrainian)) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. The term was also used for the leader of a fisherman artel and of a band of robbers or thieves. The etymology of the word "ataman" is disputed, see Hetman: Etymology. During certain periods the supreme le ...

Including:

• Ataman - 20th century

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The Zaporozhian Host or Zaporozhian Voisko (Ukrainian: Запорозьке Войсько, Zaporoz’ke Vois’ko, sometimes translated as Zaporozhian Cossack Army), also called Zaporizhian Sich after its fortified capital, was a political, social, and military organization of Ukrainian (Ruthenian) Cossacks, from the 16th to the 18th centuries. It was established in the central Ukrainian territory called Zaporizhzhia, below the rapids of the Dnieper river. Its appearance chall ...

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Human settlement in the territory of Ukraine has been documented into distant prehistory. The late neolithic Trypillian culture flourished from ca. 4500 BC to 3000 BC. In antiquity, the southern and eastern parts of modern Ukraine were populated by Iranian nomads called Scythians. The Scythian Kingdom existed in Ukraine between 700 BC and 200 BC. In the third century, the Goths arrived, calling their country Oium, and formed the Chernyakhov culture before moving on and defeating the Roman empire. In the 7th century Ukraine was the cor ...

See also:

Ukraine, Ukraine - Name, Ukraine - History, Ukraine - Government and Politics, Ukraine - Subdivisions, Ukraine - Geography, Ukraine - Economy, Ukraine - Demographics, Ukraine - Religion, Ukraine - Culture, Ukraine - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Ukraine - History

When the Mongols invaded the lands of Kievan Rus', Moscow was an insignificant trading outpost in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal'. Though Mongols burnt down Moscow in the winter 1238 and pillaged it in 1293, the outpost's remote, forested location offered some security from Mongol attack and occupation, and a number of rivers provided access to the Baltic and Black Seas and to the Caucasus region. More important to Moscow's development in what became the state of Muscovy, however, was its rule by a series of princes who were ambitious, ...

See also:

Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

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In Central Europe, the baroque period began somewhat later. Although the Augsburg architect Elias Holl (1573 - 1646) and some theoretists, including Joseph Furttenbach the Elder already practised the baroque style, they remained without successors due to the ravages of the Thirty Years War. From about 1650 on, construction work resumes, and secular and ecclesiastical architecture are of equal importance. During an initial phase, master-masons from southern Switzerland and northern Italy, the so-called magistri Grigioni and the Lombard ...

See also:

Baroque architecture, Baroque architecture - Precursors and features of Baroque architecture, Baroque architecture - In Italy and France, Baroque architecture - In Central Europe, Baroque architecture - In Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Baroque architecture - In England and Russia, Baroque architecture - In Northern America: Mexico and California

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Samoylovych's father was a priest in a village near Zhitomir. Ivan first rose to prominence during Ivan Briukhovetsky's revolt against Muscovy. After Briukhovetsky's execution he supported Demian Mnohohrishny as a new hetman and swore allegiance to the Russian tsar. Securing Mnohohrishny's deposition, he was elected the Hetman of the Left-Bank Ukraine in Konotop on June 17, 1672. Samoylovych's principal ambition was to control the Right-bank Ukraine, where two rival hetmans, Petro Doroshenko and Mykhailo Khanenko, were active. In 1674 ...

See also:

Ivan Samoylovych, Ivan Samoylovych - Rise to power, Ivan Samoylovych - Zgon, Ivan Samoylovych - Conflict with Galitzine

Read more here: » Ivan Samoylovych: Encyclopedia II - Ivan Samoylovych - Rise to power

In 1687, Ivan Mazepa accused Samoylovych of conspiring to secede from Russia, secured his ouster and was elected the Hetman of the Left-bank Ukraine, with the support of Vasily Galitzine's Muscovite government. Gradually, Mazepa accumulated great wealth, becoming one of Europe's biggest land owners. A multitude of churches were built all over Ukraine during his reign in the so-called Mazepa Baroque style. He expanded the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, the primary educational institution of Ukraine at the time, to accommodate 2,000 students, fou ...

See also:

Ivan Mazepa, Ivan Mazepa - Early Life, Ivan Mazepa - Cossack general, Ivan Mazepa - Hetman, Ivan Mazepa - The Great Northern War, Ivan Mazepa - Change of sides, Ivan Mazepa - Decisive battle, Ivan Mazepa - Historical legacy, Ivan Mazepa - Cultural legacy

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Chernigov was first mentioned in chronicles in 907, but is considered to have existed at least in the ninth century, as uncovered by archeological excavations of a settlement which included the artifacts from the Khazar Khaganate. Towards the end of the 10th century, the city probably had its own rulers. It was there that the Black Grave, one of the largest and earliest royal mounds in Eastern Europe, wa ...

See also:

Chernihiv, Chernihiv - History, Chernihiv - Downtown, Chernihiv - Monasteries

Read more here: » Chernihiv: Encyclopedia II - Chernihiv - History

Zaporizhzhia was the name of the territory of the Cossack state, the Zaporozhian Host, whose fortified capital was the Zaporizhian Sich. From 15th century to late 17th century it has been fought over by Muscovy, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire. For most of that time it was controlled by the Commonwealth, but it was never peaceful. In addition to many invasions by neighbouring countries, inhabitants of the Zaporozhe had to deal with influx of new settlers from all directions and conflicts between szlachta (Polish nobility) a ...

See also:

Zaporizhzhia region, Zaporizhzhia region - History

Read more here: » Zaporizhzhia region: Encyclopedia II - Zaporizhzhia region - History

The native land of the Russian Cossacks is defined by a line of the Russian town-fortresses located on the border with the steppe and stretching from the middle Volga to Ryazan and Tula, then breaking abruptly to the south and extending to the Dnieper via Pereyaslavl. This area was settled by a population of free people practising various trades and crafts. These people, constantly facing the Tatar warriors on the steppe frontier, received the Turkic name "cossacks" which was then extended to other free people in northern Russia. The ...

See also:

Cossack, Cossack - History, Cossack - Russian Cossacks, Cossack - Cossack Settlements, Cossack - Cossacks during the final years of the Russian Empire, Cossack - Cossacks After the Revolution, Cossack - Cossack organization, Cossack - Cossacks and religion, Cossack - Popular image of Cossacks, Cossack - Terminology, Cossack - Ukrainian Cossacks, Cossack - Russian Cossacks, Cossack - Tatar Cossacks

Read more here: » Cossack: Encyclopedia II - Cossack - Russian Cossacks

Main article: History of the Cossacks Cossack - Origins. It is not clear when the Slavic people started settling in the lower reaches of the Don and the Dnieper. It is unlikely it could have happened before the 13th century, when the Mongol hordes broke the power of the Cumans and other Turkic tribes on that territory. Proto-Cossack groups most likely came into existence within the territories of today's Ukraine in the mid-13th century, when many Slavs fled south to escape the Tatar yoke. In ...

See also:

Cossack, Cossack - History, Cossack - Origins, Cossack - Russian Cossacks, Cossack - Cossack Settlements, Cossack - Cossacks during the final years of the Russian Empire, Cossack - Cossacks After the Revolution, Cossack - Cossack organization, Cossack - Cossacks and religion, Cossack - Popular image of Cossacks, Cossack - Terminology, Cossack - Ukrainian Cossacks, Cossack - Russian Cossacks, Cossack - Tatar Cossacks

Read more here: » Cossack: Encyclopedia II - Cossack - History

When the Mongols invaded the lands of Kievan Rus', Moscow was an insignificant trading outpost in the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal'. Though Mongols burnt down Moscow in the winter 1238 and pillaged it in 1293, the outpost's remote, forested location offered some security from Mongol attack and occupation, and a number of rivers provided access to the Baltic and Black Seas and to the Caucasus region. More important to Moscow's development in what became the state of Muscovy, however, was its rule by a series of princes who were ambitious, ...

See also:

Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - The time of Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia, Muscovy - See Also

Read more here: » Muscovy: Encyclopedia II - Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy

The cadet line was continued by Yury's son Fyodor Yurievich Romodanovsky (Фёдор Юрьевич Ромодановский), who was given the post of the head of the Preobrazhenskoye prikaz in 1686. His integrity and resolution won him the admiration of young Tsar Peter, who made him commander of his toy army. He was the one to whom Peter entrusted governing the country during his frequent absence from the capital between 1695 and 1699. When the Streltsy Uprising erupted in Peter's absence, it was Romodanovsky who ruthlessly supp ...

See also:

Romodanovsky, Romodanovsky - Early history, Romodanovsky - Service to Tsar Alexis, Romodanovsky - Their Caesarean Majesties, Romodanovsky - External link

Read more here: » Romodanovsky: Encyclopedia II - Romodanovsky - Their Caesarean Majesties