The coronary circulation consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and remove blood from, the heart. The vessels that supply blood high in oxygen to the heart are known as coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart are known as cardiac veins. The coronary arteries that run on the surface of the heart are called epicardial coronary arteries. These arteries, when healthy, are capable of autoregulation to maintain coronary blood flow at levels appropriate to the needs of the heart mu ...

Including:

• Coronary circulation - Coronary anatomy
• Coronary circulation - Left coronary artery
• Coronary circulation - Right coronary artery
• Coronary circulation - Coronary artery dominance
• Coronary circulation - Blood supply of the papillary muscles
• Coronary circulation - Coronary flow

Read more here: » Coronary circulation: Encyclopedia - Coronary circulation

The exact anatomy of the myocardial blood supply varies considerably from person to person. A full evaluation of the coronary arteries requires cardiac catheterization. In general there are two main coronary arteres, the left and right. Both of these arteries originate from the beginning (root) of the aorta, immediately above the aortic valve. As discussed below, the left coronary artery originates from the left aortic sinus, while the right coronary artery originates from the right aortic sinus. See also:

Coronary circulation, Coronary circulation - Coronary anatomy, Coronary circulation - Left coronary artery, Coronary circulation - Right coronary artery, Coronary circulation - Coronary artery dominance, Coronary circulation - Blood supply of the papillary muscles, Coronary circulation - Coronary flow

Read more here: » Coronary circulation: Encyclopedia II - Coronary circulation - Coronary anatomy

Cardiology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The field is commonly divided in the branches of coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called cardiologists. Cardiology - Anatomy & physiology. Cardiology - Basic anatomy Structure of the heart. Epicardium Pericardium Myocardi ...

Including:

• Cardiology - Anatomy & physiology
• Cardiology - Basic anatomy Structure of the heart
• Cardiology - Circulatory system Blood supply of the body
• Cardiology - Pulmonary circulation Oxygenation of the blood
• Cardiology - Cardiac pacemaker Electrical system of the heart
• Cardiology - Basic cardiac physiology
• Cardiology - Disorders of the coronary circulation
• Cardiology - Disorders of the myocardium muscle of the heart
• Cardiology - Disorders of the pericardium outer lining of the heart
• Cardiology - Disorders of the heart valves
• Cardiology - Disorders of the electrical system of the heart Cardiac electrophysiology
• Cardiology - Inflammation and infection of the heart
• Cardiology - Congenital heart disease
• Cardiology - Diseases of blood vessels Vascular diseases
• Cardiology - Procedures done for coronary artery disease
• Cardiology - Devices used in cardiology
• Cardiology - Diagnostic tests and procedures
• Cardiology - Cardiac pharmaceutical agents

Read more here: » Cardiology: Encyclopedia - Cardiology

A coronary catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure to access the coronary circulation and blood filled chambers of the heart using a catheter. It is performed for both diagnostic and interventional (treatment) purposes. Coronary catheterization is one of the several Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures. Specifically, coronary catheterization is a visually interpreted test performed to recognize occlusion, stenosis, restenosis, thrombosis or aneurysmal enlargement the coronary artery lumens, heart chamber size, h ...

Including:

• Coronary catheterization - History
• Coronary catheterization - Patient participation
• Coronary catheterization - Equipment
• Coronary catheterization - Diagnostic Procedure Description
• Coronary catheterization - Catheterization to physically treat luminal disease
• Coronary catheterization - Advances in catheter based physical treatments

Read more here: » Coronary catheterization: Encyclopedia - Coronary catheterization

A cardiac stress test is a medical test performed to evaluate relative arterial blood flow increases to the heart muscles during exercise, as compared to resting blood flow rates (i.e. myocardial perfusion reserve). Stress tests also reveal overall physical fitness. Stress test abnormalities reflect major imbalances of blood flow to the left ventricular muscle more so than in other regions. Such stenoses are the usual basis for stable or reproducible exercise related angina and reflect adv ...

Including:

• Cardiac stress test - Test Overview
• Cardiac stress test - Purpose
• Cardiac stress test - Variations
• Cardiac stress test - Diagnostic Value
• Cardiac stress test - Risks
• Cardiac stress test - Further Research
• Cardiac stress test - Reference

Read more here: » Cardiac stress test: Encyclopedia - Cardiac stress test

Cardiology - Basic anatomy Structure of the heart. Epicardium Pericardium Myocardium Papillary muscle Endocardium Coronary circulation (Blood supply of the heart) Heart valves Cardiology - Circulatory system Blood supply of the body. Cardiac output Heart rate Vascular resistance Blood vessels Cardiology - Pulmonary circulation Oxygenation of the blood. < ...

See also:

Cardiology, Cardiology - Anatomy & physiology, Cardiology - Basic anatomy Structure of the heart, Cardiology - Circulatory system Blood supply of the body, Cardiology - Pulmonary circulation Oxygenation of the blood, Cardiology - Cardiac pacemaker Electrical system of the heart, Cardiology - Basic cardiac physiology, Cardiology - Disorders of the coronary circulation, Cardiology - Disorders of the myocardium muscle of the heart, Cardiology - Disorders of the pericardium outer lining of the heart, Cardiology - Disorders of the heart valves, Cardiology - Disorders of the electrical system of the heart Cardiac electrophysiology, Cardiology - Inflammation and infection of the heart, Cardiology - Congenital heart disease, Cardiology - Diseases of blood vessels Vascular diseases, Cardiology - Procedures done for coronary artery disease, Cardiology - Devices used in cardiology, Cardiology - Diagnostic tests and procedures, Cardiology - Cardiac pharmaceutical agents

Read more here: » Cardiology: Encyclopedia II - Cardiology - Anatomy & physiology

During coronary catheterization (often referred to as a cath by physicians), blood pressures are recorded and X-Ray motion picture shadow-grams of the blood inside the coronary arteries are recorded. In order to create the X-ray pictures, a physician guides a small tube-like device called a catheter, typically ~2.0 mm (6-French) in diameter, through the large arteries of the body until the tip is just within the opening of one of the coronary arteries. By design, the catheter is smaller than the lumen of the artery it is placed in; internal blood pressures are monitore ...

See also:

Coronary catheterization, Coronary catheterization - History, Coronary catheterization - Patient participation, Coronary catheterization - Equipment, Coronary catheterization - Diagnostic Procedure Description, Coronary catheterization - Catheterization to physically treat luminal disease, Coronary catheterization - Advances in catheter based physical treatments

Read more here: » Coronary catheterization: Encyclopedia II - Coronary catheterization - Diagnostic Procedure Description

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has expanded the choice of modalities available for cardiac stress testing. MRI has superior spatial resolution (on the order of around 1.5 mm for cine imaging and 2.5 mm for perfusion imaging), and temporal resolution (around 40 ms for cine imaging), compared with that of a nuclear or PET stress test (spatial resolution of around 9mm for nuclear and 6mm for PET). The increased spatial resolution allows for more sensitive detection of ischemia, which initially starts at the thin subendocardial layer, due to s ...

See also:

Cardiac stress test, Cardiac stress test - Test Overview, Cardiac stress test - Purpose, Cardiac stress test - Variations, Cardiac stress test - Diagnostic Value, Cardiac stress test - Risks, Cardiac stress test - Further Research, Cardiac stress test - Reference

Read more here: » Cardiac stress test: Encyclopedia II - Cardiac stress test - Further Research

The most voluminous of his books is Al-Shamil fi al-Tibb, which was planned to be an encyclopedia comprising 300 volumes, but was not completed as a result of his death. The manuscript is available in Damascus. His book on ophthalmology is largely an original contribution. His most famous book is Mujaz al-Qanun (The Summary of Law). Another famous book, embodying his original contribution, was on the effects of diet on health, entitled Kitab al-Mukhtar fi al-Aghdhiya. He also wrote a number of commentaries on the ...

See also:

Al-Nafis, Al-Nafis - Writings, Al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation

Read more here: » Al-Nafis: Encyclopedia II - Al-Nafis - Writings

In 1924, an Egyptian physician, Dr. Muhyo Al-Deen Altawi, discovered a script titled, "Commentary on the Anatomy of Canon of Avicenna" in the Prussian State Library in Berlin while studying the history of Arab Medicine at the medical faculty of Albert Ludwig’s University in Germany. This script is considered one of the best scientific books in which Al-Nafis covers in detail the topics of anatomy, pathology and physiolo ...

See also:

Al-Nafis, Al-Nafis - Writings, Al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation

Read more here: » Al-Nafis: Encyclopedia II - Al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation

The papillary muscles tether the mitral valve (the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle) and the tricuspid valve (the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle) to the wall of the heart. If the papillary muscles are not functioning properly, the mitral valve leaks during contraction of the left ventricule. This causes some of the blood to travel "in reverse", from the left ventricle to the left atrium, instead of forward to the aorta and the rest of the bo ...

See also:

Coronary circulation, Coronary circulation - Coronary anatomy, Coronary circulation - Left coronary artery, Coronary circulation - Right coronary artery, Coronary circulation - Coronary artery dominance, Coronary circulation - Blood supply of the papillary muscles, Coronary circulation - Coronary flow

Read more here: » Coronary circulation: Encyclopedia II - Coronary circulation - Blood supply of the papillary muscles

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