Copán

The Pre-Columbian city now known as Copán is a locale in extreme western Honduras, in the Copán Department, near to the Guatemalan border. It is the site of a major Maya kingdom of the Classic era. The kingdom, anciently named Xukpi (Corner-Bundle), flourished from the 5th century AD to the early 9th century, with antecedents going back to at least the 2nd century AD. Its name is an apparent reference to the fact that it was situated at the far southern and eastern end of Maya territory. The nearby modern village of Copán Ruinas itself may ...

Including:

• Copán - Description of the ruins
• Copán - Pre-Columbian history
• Copán - List of known Xukpi rulers
• Copán - Copán in modern times

Read more here: » Copán: Encyclopedia - Copán

See also:

Copán, Copán - Description of the ruins, Copán - Pre-Columbian history, Copán - List of known Xukpi rulers, Copán - Copán in modern times

Read more here: » Copán: Encyclopedia II - Copán - Description of the ruins

Archaeology, archeology or archæology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. The goals of archaeology are to document and explain the origins and development of human culture, understand culture history, chronicle cultural evolution, and study human behavi ...

Including:

• Archaeology - Usage note
• Archaeology - Ontology and definition
• Archaeology - Importance and applicability
• Archaeology - Goals
• Archaeology - Academic sub-disciplines
• Archaeology - Cultural resources management
• Archaeology - Field methods
• Archaeology - Survey
• Archaeology - Excavation
• Archaeology - Post-excavation analysis
• Archaeology - History of archaeology
• Archaeology - Archaeological theory
• Archaeology - Public archaeology
• Archaeology - Pseudoarchaeology
• Archaeology - Looting
• Archaeology - Public outreach
• Archaeology - Descendant peoples

Read more here: » Archaeology: Encyclopedia - Archaeology

The Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW) is a foundation established by Andrew Carnegie in 1902 to support scientific research. Its first president was Daniel Coit Gilman, founder of Johns Hopkins Medical School. Today the CIW supports science in six main areas: plant biology, developmental biology, global ecology, Earth and planetary sciences, and astronomy (through the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (OCIW)). One of the Institution's first grant recipients was George Hale in 1904. Hale neede ...

Including:

• Carnegie Institution of Washington - Presidents of the CIW

Read more here: » Carnegie Institution of Washington: Encyclopedia - Carnegie Institution of Washington

Archaeological evidence shows the Maya had started to build ceremonial architecture by approximately 1000 BCE. There is some disagreement about the boundaries which differentiate the physical and cultural extent of the early Maya and their neighboring Pre-Classic Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec culture of the Tabasco lowlands and the Mixe-Zoque– and Zapotec–speaking peoples of Chiapas and southern Oaxaca. Many of the earliest significant inscriptions and buildings appeared in thi ...

Including:

• Maya civilization - Origins
• Maya civilization - Art
• Maya civilization - Architecture
• Maya civilization - Urban design
• Maya civilization - Building materials
• Maya civilization - Building process
• Maya civilization - Notable constructions
• Maya civilization - Writing and literacy
• Maya civilization - Writing system
• Maya civilization - Writing tools
• Maya civilization - Scribes
• Maya civilization - Literacy
• Maya civilization - Mathematics
• Maya civilization - Religion
• Maya civilization - Agriculture
• Maya civilization - Decline of the Maya
• Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya
• Maya civilization - List of Maya sites
• Maya civilization - Most important sites
• Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites
• Maya civilization - Reference

Read more here: » Maya civilization: Encyclopedia - Maya civilization

Events Succession of Pope Valentine, then Pope Gregory IV. Arabs invade Sicily. The royal ceremonial centre at Copán is abandoned. Chalid Ben Abdulmelik and Ali Ben Isa measure the size of the Earth. Births Saint Cyril, scholar, theologian, and linguist (d. 869) Emperor Montoku, emperor of Japan (d. 858) Deaths Pope Eugene II ...

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The name Pipil is the most commonly encountered term in the anthropological and linguistic literature. This exonym is from the closely related Nahuatl word -pil "son, boy" (Nahuatl is a language/dialect complex that includes Classical Nahuatl, Mipla Alta, Tetelcingo, Matlapa, Isthmus Nahuat, among others). The Pipil speak the endangered Uto-Aztecan language Na:wat, also known as Pipil or Nawat in English (Pipil being far ...

See also:

Pipil, Pipil - Synonymy and language, Pipil - History, Pipil - Migration and legend, Pipil - Spanish conquest, Pipil - Modern Pipil, Pipil - Bibliography

Read more here: » Pipil: Encyclopedia II - Pipil - Synonymy and language

c. mid 2nd century - early 10th century Teotihuacan grows to a metropolis and its empire dominates Mesoamerica. The greatest era of the cities of the Maya southern lowlands, such as Tikal, Palenque, and Copán. The Classic Era ended earlier in Central Mexico, with the fall of Teotihuacan around the 7th century, than it did in the Maya area, which continued for centuries more. The late period of continued Maya devel ...

See also:

Mesoamerican chronology, Mesoamerican chronology - Paleo-Indian Period, Mesoamerican chronology - Archaic Era, Mesoamerican chronology - Pre-Classic Era, Mesoamerican chronology - Classic Era, Mesoamerican chronology - Post-Classic Era

Read more here: » Mesoamerican chronology: Encyclopedia II - Mesoamerican chronology - Classic Era

See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Lists of office-holders - Africa. Algeria Heads of state of Algeria Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post) Colonial heads of Algeria Colonial heads of Oran Rulers of Kel Ahaggar Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine) Rulers of Tuggurt An ...

See also:

Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

Read more here: » Lists of office-holders: Encyclopedia II - Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities

Lost city - Maya cities. very incomplete list. see Maya civilization Chichen Itza — ancient place of pilgrimage is still the most visitied Maya ruin Copán — in modern Honduras Calakmul — One of two "superpowers" in the classic Maya period. Koba — Naachtun — Rediscovered in 1922, it remains one of the most remote and least visited Maya sites. Located 44 km (27 miles) south-south-east of Calakmul, and 65 km (40 miles) north of Ti ...

See also:

Lost city, Lost city - Africa, Lost city - Far East Asia, Lost city - Southeast Asia, Lost city - Central Asia, Lost city - Western Asia, Lost city - South America, Lost city - Inca cities, Lost city - Other, Lost city - North America, Lost city - Maya cities, Lost city - Olmec cities, Lost city - Lost cities in the United States, Lost city - Lost cities in Canada, Lost city - Others, Lost city - Europe

Read more here: » Lost city: Encyclopedia II - Lost city - North America

The story is very loosely based on the children's novel, The King's Fifth, by Scott O'Dell. In the year 1532, a Spanish orphan named Esteban searches for one of The Seven Cities of Gold in the New World, hoping to find his father in the process. He is joined on his quest by Zia, an Inca girl, and Tao, the last descendant of the sunken empire of Mu ("Hiva" in the English dub). The series is a mix of South American history, archaeology, and science fiction. The characters discover many lost technological wonders of the Aztecs, In ...

See also:

The Mysterious Cities of Gold, The Mysterious Cities of Gold - Plot summary, The Mysterious Cities of Gold - Current status

Read more here: » The Mysterious Cities of Gold: Encyclopedia II - The Mysterious Cities of Gold - Plot summary

Howlers are seen in the art of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization. Alexander von Humboldt said that "their eyes, voice, and gait are indicative of melancholy", while John Lloyd Stephens described those at the ruins of Copán as "grave and solemn as if officiating as the guardians of consecrated ground". While seldom aggressive, they do not take well to captivity and are of surly disposition, and hence are the only monkey in t ...

See also:

Howler monkey, Howler monkey - Howlers and humans, Howler monkey - Classification

Read more here: » Howler monkey: Encyclopedia II - Howler monkey - Howlers and humans

As unique and spectacular as any Greek or Roman architecture, Maya architecture spans many thousands of years; yet, often the most dramatic and easily recognizable as Maya are the fantastic stepped pyramids from the Terminal Pre-classic period and beyond. These pyramids relied on intricate carved stone in order to create a stair-step design. Each pyramid was dedicated to a deity whose shrine sat at its peak. During this "height" of Maya culture, the centers of their religious, commercial and bureaucratic power grew into incredible cities, in ...

See also:

Maya civilization, Maya civilization - Origins, Maya civilization - Political structures, Maya civilization - Art, Maya civilization - Architecture, Maya civilization - Urban design, Maya civilization - Building materials, Maya civilization - Building process, Maya civilization - Notable constructions, Maya civilization - Writing and literacy, Maya civilization - Writing system, Maya civilization - Writing tools, Maya civilization - Scribes, Maya civilization - Literacy, Maya civilization - Mathematics, Maya civilization - Religion, Maya civilization - Agriculture, Maya civilization - Decline of the Maya, Maya civilization - Rediscovery of the Pre-Columbian Maya, Maya civilization - List of Maya sites, Maya civilization - Most important sites, Maya civilization - Other important Maya sites, Maya civilization - Reference

Read more here: » Maya civilization: Encyclopedia II - Maya civilization - Architecture

Sylvanus Morley - Context. When Morley and his team first arrived in 1924 to commence their excavations, Chichen Itza was an abandoned and sprawling complex of several large ruined buildings and many smaller ones, most of which lay concealed under mounds of earth and vegetation. Some areas of the site had previously been surveyed, photographed and documented independently in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by highly-regarded authorities such as Teoberto Maler, Alfred Maudslay and Eduard Seler, who although ...

See also:

Sylvanus Morley, Sylvanus Morley - Early life, Sylvanus Morley - First expeditions and espionage work, Sylvanus Morley - Carnegie Institution and Chichen Itza proposal, Sylvanus Morley - Fieldwork in Mexico and Central America, Sylvanus Morley - Influences on other scholars, Sylvanus Morley - Eric Thompson, Sylvanus Morley - Tatiana Proskouriakoff, Sylvanus Morley - Excavations at Chichen Itza, Sylvanus Morley - Context, Sylvanus Morley - Major finds, Sylvanus Morley - Result summary, Sylvanus Morley - Project completion and final years, Sylvanus Morley - Theories and retrospective assessment, Sylvanus Morley - Views on ancient Maya society, Sylvanus Morley - Maya writing, Sylvanus Morley - Archaeology, Sylvanus Morley - Summation, Sylvanus Morley - Publications, Sylvanus Morley - The other Sylvanus G. Morley

Read more here: » Sylvanus Morley: Encyclopedia II - Sylvanus Morley - Excavations at Chichen Itza

See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa. Algeria Heads of state of Algeria Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post) Colonial heads of Algeria Colonial heads of Oran Rulers of Kel Ahaggar Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine) Rulers of Tuggurt ...

See also:

Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

Read more here: » Lists of office-holders: Encyclopedia II - Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities

Honduras, along with the other Central American provinces, gained independence from Spain in 1821; it then briefly was annexed to the Mexican Empire. In 1823, Honduras joined the newly formed United Provinces of Central America. Before long social and economic differences between Honduras and its regional neighbors exacerbated harsh partisan strife among its leaders, bringing about the federation's collapse in 1838-39. General Francisco Morazán, a Honduran national hero, led unsuccessful efforts to maintain the federation. Restoring Central American unity remained the officially stated chief aim ...

See also:

History of Honduras, History of Honduras - Pre-Colombian times, History of Honduras - Spanish period, History of Honduras - Independence, History of Honduras - From military to civilian rule, History of Honduras - The 1980s, History of Honduras - Suazo, History of Honduras - Callejas, History of Honduras - Reina, History of Honduras - Flores, History of Honduras - Maduro

Read more here: » History of Honduras: Encyclopedia II - History of Honduras - Independence

Early archaeology was largely an attempt to uncover spectacular artifacts and features, or to explore vast and mysterious abandoned cities. Such pursuits continue to fascinate the public, portrayed in books (such as King Solomon's Mines) and films (such as The Mummy and Raiders of the Lost Ark). Much thorough and productive research has indeed been conducted in dramatic locales such as Copán and the Valley of the Kings, but the stuff of modern archaeology is not so reliably sensational. In addition, archaeologica ...

See also:

Archaeology, Archaeology - Usage, Archaeology - Ontology and definition, Archaeology - Importance and applicability, Archaeology - Goals, Archaeology - Academic sub-disciplines, Archaeology - Cultural resources management, Archaeology - Field methods, Archaeology - Survey, Archaeology - Excavation, Archaeology - Post-excavation analysis, Archaeology - History of archaeology, Archaeology - Archaeological theory, Archaeology - Public archaeology, Archaeology - Pseudoarchaeology, Archaeology - Looting, Archaeology - Public outreach, Archaeology - Descendant peoples

Read more here: » Archaeology: Encyclopedia II - Archaeology - Public archaeology

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List of popular tourist regions, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Argentina, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Australia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Austria, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Belgium, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Brazil, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Bulgaria, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in China, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Canada, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Central Asia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Caribbean, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Costa Rica, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Croatia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in the Czech Republic, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Denmark, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Egypt, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in England, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Finland, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in France, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Germany, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Greece, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Guatemala, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Honduras, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Hong Kong, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Hungary, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in India, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Indonesia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Ireland, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Israel, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Italy, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Jamaica, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Japan, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Jordan, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Kenya, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Laos, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Macao, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Malaysia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Mauritius, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Mexico, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Nepal, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in the Netherlands, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in New Zealand, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Norway, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Peru, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in the Philippines, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Poland, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Portugal, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Romania, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Russia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Scotland, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Serbia and Montenegro, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Singapore, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Slovakia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Slovenia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in South Africa, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Spain, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Sweden, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Switzerland, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Tanzania, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Turkey, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Uganda, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Ukraine, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in the United States, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Zambia, List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Zimbabwe

Read more here: » List of popular tourist regions: Encyclopedia II - List of popular tourist regions - Tourism in Australia

While the site was occupied by the middle Pre-Classic, it did not gain importance until several hundred years later. By 600 the first of the famous structures now visible were being constructed. Situated in the western reaches of Maya territory, on the edge of the southern highlands, B'aakal was a large and vital center of Maya civilization from the 5th century AD to the 9th century. The B'aakal state had a chequered career. Its original dynasts were perhaps Olmec. Politically, the city experienced diverse fortunes, being disastro ...

See also:

Palenque, Palenque - The name, Palenque - The Maya Classic city, Palenque - Rulers, Palenque - The abandonment of Palenque, Palenque - Modern examinations of Palenque

Read more here: » Palenque: Encyclopedia II - Palenque - The Maya Classic city

Main articles: History of Honduras, Timeline of Honduran history The Pre-Columbian city of Copán is a locale in extreme western Honduras, in the Copán Department, near to the Guatemalan border. It is the site of a major Maya kingdom of the Classic era. The ancient kingdom, named Xukpi (Corner-Bundle), flourished from the 5th century AD to the early 9th century, with antecedents going back to at least the 2nd century AD. The Maya civilization decayed, and by the time the Spanish came to Honduras, the once great city-state ...

See also:

Honduras, Honduras - History, Honduras - Politics, Honduras - Subdivisions, Honduras - Geography, Honduras - Economy, Honduras - Demographics, Honduras - Culture, Honduras - Environment, Honduras - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Honduras: Encyclopedia II - Honduras - History