Convention on Psychotropic Substances

Methylphenidate methyl a-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate Ritalin: 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg tablets; Ritalin SR: 20 mg tablets; Ritalin LA: 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg capsules; Methylin: 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg tablets; Methylin ER: 10 mg and 20 mg tablets; Metadate ER: 10 mg and 20 mg tablets; Metadate CD: 10 mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg capsules; Co ...

Including:

• Methylphenidate - History
• Methylphenidate - Effects
• Methylphenidate - Formulations
• Methylphenidate - Criticism
• Methylphenidate - Overprescription
• Methylphenidate - Addiction and zombification
• Methylphenidate - Long-term effects
• Methylphenidate - Effects on stature
• Methylphenidate - Risk of death
• Methylphenidate - Potential Carcinogenic
• Methylphenidate - Reference

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DOET, HECATE, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine is an analogue of DOM, and is the three-carbon chain homologue to 2C-E. It produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects. 25-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Chemistry. DOET is in a class of compounds commonly known as alpha-methyl phenethylamines, or amphetamines and the full chemical name is 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylbenzeneethanamine, or 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)propan-2-amine. It has an active stereocenter and (R)-DOET ...

Including:

• 25-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Chemistry
• 25-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Effects
• 25-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Pharmacology
• 25-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Dangers
• 25-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Legality
• 25-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Categorization

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MMDA, 3-MeO-4,5-MDA, 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-phenylisopropylamine, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine has stimulant, psychedelic, entheogenic, and entactogenic effects in man. 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - Chemistry. MMDA is in a family of chemicals called the phenethylamines, and it is a close analogue of MDA and lophophine. It is an analogue of MDA, MDMA, and lophophine. It is also very closely related to the natural essential oils elemicin and myristicin which are both ...

Including:

• 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - Chemistry
• 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - Dosage
• 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - Effects
• 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - Psychotherapuetic Actions
• 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - Pharmacology
• 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - Legality
• 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - See Also
• 3-methoxy-45-methylendioxyamphetamine - Outside Links

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3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, or MDA, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and Empathogen/Entactogen of the phenethylamine family. It was first synthesized by G. Mannish and W. Jacobson in 1910. There are about 20 different synthetic routes described in the literature for its preparation. 34-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Medical use. MDA was first used in animal tests in 1939, and human trials began in 1941 in the exploration of possible therapies for Parkinson's disease. From 1949 to 1957, mor ...

Including:

• 34-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Medical use
• 34-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Recreational use
• 34-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Effects
• 34-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Legality
• 34-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Categorization

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DOM (STP) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen . DOM was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. The full name of the chemical is 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine. DOM has a stereocenter and R-(-)-DOM is the more active stereoisomer. In his book PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage range as 3 to 10 mg. DOM is generally taken orally. DOM is classified as a Schedule 1 substance in the United States, ...

Including:

• 25-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine - Categorization

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Alprazolam Anxiety Panic attacks Abuse: Benzodiazepines are widely used for non-medical (i.e., recreational) purposes, and have occasionally been used as "date-rape" drugs Myasthenia gravis Sensitivity to benzodiazepines Acute angle closure glaucoma History of drug dependance or abuse (increased likelihood of dependence) Severe: jaundice (rare) A ...

Including:

• Alprazolam - Indications
• Alprazolam - Narcotic regulations
• Alprazolam - Mechanism of action
• Alprazolam - Pharmacokinetics
• Alprazolam - Recreational use

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The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. It can be found in amended form at 21 U.S.C. § 801 et. seq. (Chapter 13). This statute is the legal basis by which the manufacture, importation, possession, and distribution of certain drugs are regulated by the federal government of the United States. The Act also served as national imple ...

Including:

• Controlled Substances Act - Enforcement authority
• Controlled Substances Act - History
• Controlled Substances Act - International law
• Controlled Substances Act - Constitutional issues
• Controlled Substances Act - Drug Schedules
• Controlled Substances Act - Schedule I drugs
• Controlled Substances Act - Schedule II drugs
• Controlled Substances Act - Schedule III drugs
• Controlled Substances Act - Schedule IV drugs
• Controlled Substances Act - Schedule V drugs
• Controlled Substances Act - Other provisions

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Stanislav Grof (born 1931 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is one of the founders of the field of transpersonal psychology and a pioneering researcher into the use of altered states of consciousness for purposes of healing, growth, and insight. Grof is known in particular for his early studies of LSD and its effect on the mind. He constructed a theoretical framework for pre- and perinatal psychology and transpersonal psychology in which LSD trips and other powerfully emotional experiences were mapped onto one's early fetal and neonat ...

Including:

• Stanislav Grof - Bibliography

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Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) is a small spineless cactus whose native region extends from the southwestern United States (including the states of Texas and New Mexico) through central Mexico. Peyote contains a large spectrum of phenethylamine alkaloids, the principal of which is mescaline. All Lophophora species are extremely slow growing, often taking up to thirty years to reach flowering age (at the size of about a golf ball, not including root) in the wild. Human cultivated specimens grow considerably faster, usuall ...

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237 - 239 °C decomposition (hydrochloride) 215 °C (hydrobromide) 208 - 209 °C (acetate) 2C-B is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1974, sometimes used as an entheogen. The full name of the chemical is 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine. In his book PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage range as 16 to 24 mg. 2C-B is a white powder usually found in pressed tablets or gel caps, and is almost always taken orally. Snorting is also an effective though extremely painful way to ingest the d ...

Including:

• 2C-B - Categorization

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Flurazepam Flurazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine which is used as a sedative. It is marketed under the brand name Dalmane. It has the longest half-life of all of the benzodiazepines (40-250 hours), and may stay in the bloodstream for up to four days. It is used for short-term treatment of patients with insomnia. The most common adverse effects are dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness and ataxia. Flurazepam is a Schedule IV drug un ...

Including:

• Flurazepam - References and End Notes

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Pemoline N06BA05 Pemoline is a medication for Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is marketed under the brand name "Cylert." Pemoline is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances[1]. Pemoline has some advantages over other stimulants in that it doesn't reduce the appetite or cause dry mouth. However, in some patients Pemoline is suspected of causing liver damage, so regular liver tests are performed are those treated with it. Since receiving FDA aproval in 197 ...

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Diazepam, market under brand names of: Valium, Seduxen; and in Europe Apozepam, Diapam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative, which possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Diazepam is used to treat anxiety and tension, and is the most effective benzodiazepine for treating muscle spasms. It is also used as a sedative premedication for various medical procedures, and to treat alcohol and opiate withdrawal symptoms. Occasionally, diazepam is used by military and pa ...

Including:

• Diazepam - Mode of action
• Diazepam - Pharmacokinetics
• Diazepam - Experimentation
• Diazepam - Half-Life
• Diazepam - Indications
• Diazepam - Veterinary Uses
• Diazepam - Contraindications
• Diazepam - Side effects
• Diazepam - Routine examinations needed under long-term treatment
• Diazepam - Interactions
• Diazepam - High Risk patients for abuse and dependence
• Diazepam - Withdrawal procedure after long-term treatment
• Diazepam - Dose Recommendations
• Diazepam - Dose Forms
• Diazepam - Recreational Use
• Diazepam - Overdose
• Diazepam - Fatal Reaction
• Diazepam - Occurrence in plants
• Diazepam - Inventor

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DAWN is a program to collect statistics on the frequency of emergency room mentions of use of different types of drugs. This information is widely cited by drug policy officials, who have sometimes confused Drug-Related Episodes - emergency room visits induced by drugs - with Drug Mentions. The Wisconsin Department of Justice claimed, "In Wisconsin, marijuana overdose visits in emergency rooms equal to heroin or morphine, twice as common as Valium." Common Sense for Drug Policy called this as a distortion, noting, "The federal DAWN report it ...

See also:

National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Controversial research, National Institute on Drug Abuse - University of Mississippi cannabis supply

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PCP is sometimes consumed recreationally, mainly in the United States. The limited demand is met by illegal production. The drug is sold in an extremely limited number of cities. It is available as a liquid (PCP base dissolved most often in ether), but typically it is sprayed onto leafy material such as marijuana, mint, oregano, or parsley, and smoked. Phencyclidine - Method of Absorption. In smoking form, the term "embalming fluid" is sometimes used to refer to a joint or cigarette dipped in actual embalming fluid, although it is difficult to determine how frequent this practice is because " ...

See also:

Phencyclidine, Phencyclidine - Chemistry and Pharmacology, Phencyclidine - Medical and Veterinary Use, Phencyclidine - Recreational Use, Phencyclidine - Method of Absorption, Phencyclidine - Effects, Phencyclidine - Trends, Phencyclidine - Mythology and Appearances in Pop Culture, Phencyclidine - External link

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Phentermine is one of two drugs in the Fen-phen anti-obesity medication, the other being fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine. Fenfluramine was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 after reports of valvular heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. Phentermine is still available by itself in most countries, including the U.S. However, because it is similar to the amphetamines, individuals may develop an addiction to it. Hence, it is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. Internationally, phentermine is a schedule IV drug ...

See also:

Phentermine, Phentermine - History, Phentermine - Mechanism of action, Phentermine - Clinical use, Phentermine - Side effects, Phentermine - Contraindications

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Methcathinone is very similar in structure to cathinone, a stimulant alkaloid occurring in the shrub Catha edulis (Khat), the synthetic stimulant methamphetamine, and other phenethylamines. Methcathinone has a single asymmetric carbon atom, thus yielding enantiomeric + and - forms. Chemical Abstract Services registry numbers for the racemic base and hydrochloride forms are 5650-44-2 and 49656-78-2, respectively. The Chemical Abstract Services registry numbers for the base and hydrochloride forms of the S absolute stereochemical configuration ar ...

See also:

Methcathinone, Methcathinone - History, Methcathinone - Chemistry, Methcathinone - Effects, Methcathinone - Use and pharmacology, Methcathinone - Street names, Methcathinone - Addiction, Methcathinone - Clinical use

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LSD - Physical. Physical reactions to LSD are highly variable and may include: uterine contractions, body temperature increase, elevated blood sugar levels, dry-mouth, goose bumps, heart-rate increase, jaw clenching, nausea, perspiration, pupil-dilation, salivation, mucus production, sleeplessness and tremors. Cramps and muscle tension or soreness are also fairly commonly reported, but rather than being direct effects of LSD in the bloodstream, these symptoms are believed by some to be the result of awkward positions assumed by users experiencing fluctuations in their awareness of the passage of time and ...

See also:

LSD, LSD - Origin, LSD - Dosage, LSD - Effects, LSD - Physical, LSD - Pharmacological, LSD - Psychological, LSD - Acute duration, LSD - Physical dangers, LSD - Flashbacks, LSD - Psychosis, LSD - Addiction potential, LSD - Chemistry, LSD - Forms of LSD, LSD - Legal status, LSD - LSD in the United States, LSD - Notable people who have commented on the LSD experience, LSD - Related topics, LSD - Chemical, LSD - People, LSD - Other

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Like other benzodiazepines (such as Valium, Librium, Xanax, and Halcion), flunitrazepam's pharmacological effects include sedation, muscle relaxation, reduction in anxiety, and prevention of convulsions. However, flunitrazepam's sedative effects are approximately 7 to 10 times more potent than diazepam (Valium). The effects of flunitrazepam appear approximately 15 to 20 minutes after administration and last approximately four to six hours. Some residual effects can b ...

See also:

Flunitrazepam, Flunitrazepam - Medical uses, Flunitrazepam - Flunitrazepam as a date rape drug, Flunitrazepam - Use for theft, Flunitrazepam - Use as a recreational drug, Flunitrazepam - Adverse effects of use

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Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - Endogenous. The precise function of GHB in body is not clear. It is an immediate precursor to GABA, a neurotransmitter which regulates awakeness, physical activity and sleep. As GABA cannot cross blood-brain barrier, GHB obtained from food may be used for converting to GABA. GHB prevents cells from oxygen starvation, which might explain presence of the compound in vital organs. GHB was also found to have neuroprotective capabilities. See also:

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - Uses, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - Endogenous, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - Medical, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - Recreational, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - Mode of action, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - Dangers, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - Addiction, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - History, Gamma-hydroxybutyrate - External references

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These are treaties the U.S. made with other international states. This is mostly to distinguish them from the next category. Under the United States Constitution, treaties must be ratified by the two-thirds approval of United States Senate in order to take effect. List of United States treaties - 1776-1799. 1778 - Treaty of Alliance - American Revolutionary War alliance with France 1778 - Treaty of Amity and Commerce - with France 1778 - Act Separate and Secret Between The United St ...

See also:

List of United States treaties, List of United States treaties - Pre-Revolutionary War treaties, List of United States treaties - U.S. international treaties, List of United States treaties - 1776-1799, List of United States treaties - 1800-1849, List of United States treaties - 1850-1899, List of United States treaties - 1900-1949, List of United States treaties - 1950-1999, List of United States treaties - 2000-current, List of United States treaties - Pending, List of United States treaties - U.S. Native American treaties

Read more here: » List of United States treaties: Encyclopedia II - List of United States treaties - U.S. international treaties