Convention on Psychotropic Substances

International drug control began with the 1912 International Opium Convention, a treaty which adopted import and export restrictions on the poppy's psychoactive derivatives. Over the next half-century, several additional treaties were adopted under League of Nations auspices, gradually expanding the list of controlled substances to encompass cocaine and other drugs and granting the Permanent Central Opium Board power to monitor compliance. After the United Nations ...

See also:

Convention on Psychotropic Substances, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - History, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Schedules of Controlled Substances, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Scheduling process, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - World Health Organization evaluations of specific drugs, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Ephedrine, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Ketamine, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - MDMA, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Methcathinone, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Nicotine, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Tetrahydrocannabinol, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Medical and other drug uses, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Organic plants, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Precursors, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Analogs, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Penal provisions, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Treatment and prevention, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Recent trends, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Rise in stimulant trafficking, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Canadian noncompliance, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Licit drug problems, Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Endnotes

Read more here: » Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Encyclopedia II - Convention on Psychotropic Substances - History

The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamines, barbiturates, and LSD. During the 1960s, drug use and abuse increased greatly around the world, especially in Western nations. Inspired by psychedelic advocates such as Aldous Huxley and Timothy Leary, millions of young people experimented with powerful hallucinogens, and drugs of all kinds became freely available as manufacturers and traffickers took advantage of inconsistent national laws to ...

Including:

• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - History
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Schedules of Controlled Substances
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Scheduling process
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - World Health Organization evaluations of specific drugs
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Ephedrine
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Ketamine
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - MDMA
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Methcathinone
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Nicotine
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Tetrahydrocannabinol
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Medical and other drug uses
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Organic plants
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Precursors
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Analogs
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Penal provisions
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Treatment and prevention
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Recent trends
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Rise in stimulant trafficking
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Canadian noncompliance
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Licit drug problems
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances - Endnotes

Read more here: » Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Encyclopedia - Convention on Psychotropic Substances

1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). 1971 - Events. January 1 - British Divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements goes into effect in the United States. January 3 - BBC Open University begins in the United Kingdom Januar ...

Including:

• 1971 - Events
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - unknown dates
• 1971 - Births
• 1971 - January
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September-
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - Unknown date
• 1971 - Deaths
• 1971 - January
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - Nobel Prizes

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MMDA, 3-MeO-4,5-MDA, 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-phenylisopropylamine, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine has stimulant, psychedelic, entheogenic, and entactogenic effects in man. 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - Chemistry. MMDA is in a family of chemicals called the phenethylamines, and it is a close analogue of MDA and lophophine. It is an analogue of MDA, MDMA, and lophophine. It is also very closely related to the natural essential oils elemicin and myristicin which are bot ...

Including:

• 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - Chemistry
• 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - Dosage
• 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - Effects
• 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - Psychotherapuetic Actions
• 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - Pharmacology
• 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - Legality
• 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - See Also
• 3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine - Outside Links

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DOET, HECATE, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine is an analogue of DOM, and is the three-carbon chain homologue to 2C-E. It produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Chemistry. DOET is in a class of compounds commonly known as alpha-methyl phenethylamines, or amphetamines and the full chemical name is 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylbenzeneethanamine, or 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)propan-2-amine. It has an active stereocenter and (R)-DOET ...

Including:

• 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Chemistry
• 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Effects
• 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Pharmacology
• 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Dangers
• 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Legality
• 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine - Categorization

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3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, or MDA, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and Empathogen/Entactogen of the phenethylamine family. It was first synthesized by G. Mannish and W. Jacobson in 1910. There are about 20 different synthetic routes described in the literature for its preparation. 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Medical use. MDA was first used in animal tests in 1939, and human trials began in 1941 in the exploration of possible therapies for Parkinson's disease. From 1949 to 1957, mo ...

Including:

• 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Medical use
• 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Recreational use
• 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Effects
• 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Legality
• 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine - Categorization

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DOM (STP) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen . DOM was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. The full name of the chemical is 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine. DOM has a stereocenter and R-(-)-DOM is the more active stereoisomer. In his book PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage range as 3 to 10 mg. DOM is generally taken orally. DOM is classified as a Schedule 1 substance in the United States, ...

Including:

• 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine - Categorization

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DOB (or Bromo-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen. DOB was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1967. The full name of the chemical is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine. DOB has a stereocenter and R-(-)-DOB is the more active stereoisomer. In his book PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage range as 1 to 3 mg. DOB is generally taken orally. DOB is classified as a Schedule 1 substance in the United S ...

Including:

• 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine - Categorization

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Buprenorphine Buprenorphine, also colloquially referred to as bupe, is an opioid drug with partial agonist and antagonist actions. Buprenorphine hydrochloride was first marketed in the 1980s by Reckitt & Colman (now Reckitt Benckiser) as an analgesic, yet is now primarily used for the treatment of opioid addiction. It is a Schedule III drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances[1]. Buprenorphine - Commercial preparations. Britsh firm Reckitt & Colman (now ...

Including:

• Buprenorphine - Commercial preparations
• Buprenorphine - Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics
• Buprenorphine - Clinical use
• Buprenorphine - Antidepressant
• Buprenorphine - Adverse effects
• Buprenorphine - Dependence treatment
• Buprenorphine - Buprenorphine vs. methadone
• Buprenorphine - Inpatient rehabilitation

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Cathine (β-hydroxyamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (khat). Closely related to ephedrine, cathinone and other phenethylamines, it may contribute to the stimulant effect of Catha edulis, although another constituent, cathinone appears to show stronger activity. Cathine is one of the optical isomers of phenylpropanolamine, an appetite suppressant and decongestant which is possibly associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Synonyms: (+)-Norpseudoephedrine (NPSE), (alphaS)-alpha-((1S)-1-aminoethyl)-benz ...

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Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia. Some are also used as anticonvulsants. Barbiturates are derivatives of barbituric acid. Barbiturate - Medical uses. Today barbiturates are infrequently used as anticonvulsants and for the induction of anesthesia. Benzodiazepines were made as barbiturate alternatives and as such are more widely used and prescribed today than the b ...

Including:

• Barbiturate - Medical uses
• Barbiturate - Barbiturate abuse
• Barbiturate - History
• Barbiturate - Other non-therapeutical use
• Barbiturate - Barbiturate Poisoning
• Barbiturate - Trivia

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Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders and insomnia, as well as certain types of seizures. It is sold under the brand names Ativan®, Temesta®, Tavor® (in Europe) and as generic lorazepam. It is available in tablets and as a solution for intramuscular and intravenous injections. Its formula is C15H10Cl2N2O2 and its CAS number is 846-49-1. Pharmacologically it is classified as a sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant.Including:

• Lorazepam - Indications
• Lorazepam - Pharmacological Data and Pharmacokinetics
• Lorazepam - Dosage
• Lorazepam - Disadvantages
• Lorazepam - Abuse
• Lorazepam - Legal issues

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Chlordiazepoxide (Trade name: Librium) was the first benzodiazepine to be made commercially available. It was an accidental discovery made by Leo Sternbach of Roche Pharmaceuticals in 1960. It is used as an anxiolytic and has a medium to long half life. Roche later went on to develop diazepam, better known as Valium, in 1963. The huge success of Valium made Roche the market leader in benzodiazepine products, and the company went on to develop and market the hypnotic nitrazepam (Mogadon) in 1965, flurazepam (Dalmane) and ...

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The World Health Organization (WHO) is an agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO was established by the UN on April 7, 1948. The current Director General is Lee Jong-wook. WHO inherited much of the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization (HO), which had been an agency of the League of Nations. World Health Organization - Mission. WHO's constitution states that its mission "is the att ...

Including:

• World Health Organization - Mission
• World Health Organization - Structure
• World Health Organization - Membership
• World Health Organization - Secretariat
• World Health Organization - Regional Offices
• World Health Organization - Country Offices
• World Health Organization - Partnership
• World Health Organization - Some WHO-private sector partnerships
• World Health Organization - Directors-General of WHO
• World Health Organization - Other notable persons associated with WHO
• World Health Organization - Personnel Policy
• World Health Organization - Smokers
• World Health Organization - Same-sex Marriages

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Amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine Class B (UK) diet suppressant ADD ADHD narcolepsy treatment-resistant depression Recreational uses: Stimulant Other uses: Used by the US military to combat fatigue and increase wakefulness CNS Stimulants MAOI use dizziness tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) sweating decrease in appetite/weight loss enhanced feelings of well-bei ...

Including:

• Amphetamine - Pharmacology
• Amphetamine - Medicinal use
• Amphetamine - Performance enhancing use
• Amphetamine - Effects of use
• Amphetamine - Physiological effects
• Amphetamine - Legal issues
• Amphetamine - Books
• Amphetamine - Notes

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Cathinone (S)-2-amino-1-phenyl-1-propanone ? Recreational uses: Yes, used by chewing the leaves of the Khat plant to produce stimulant effects. Unethical uses: ? Other uses: ? ? Severe: ? Atypical sensations: ? Cardiovascular: ? Ear, nose, and throat: May cause ...

Including:

• Cathinone - Chemistry

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DOB (or Bromo-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen. DOB was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1967. The full name of the chemical is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine. DOB has a stereocenter and R-(-)-DOB is the more active stereoisomer. In his book PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage range as 1 to 3 mg. DOB is generally taken orally. DOB is classified as a Schedule 1 substance in the United S ...

Including:

• 25-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine - Categorization

Read more here: » 25-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine: Encyclopedia - 25-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine

Mescaline or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine family. It is either synthesized (as mescaline sulfate) or extracted from the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), the San Pedro cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi), or the Peruvian Torch cactus (Echinopsis peruviana). It is also found in a number of other members of the Cactaceae. The use of extract from peyote in Native American religious ceremonies has been noted since the earliest Europ ...

Including:

• Mescaline - Chemistry
• Mescaline - Side Effects
• Mescaline - Positive Side Effects
• Mescaline - Neutral Side Effects
• Mescaline - Negative Side Effects
• Mescaline - Famous Users
• Mescaline - Categorization

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D-lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly called acid, LSD, or LSD-25, is a powerful semisynthetic psychedelic drug. A typical dose of LSD during the 1960s was only 100 to 150 micrograms, a tiny amount roughly equal to one-tenth the weight of a grain of sand. Today a typical dose of LSD is as low as 25-50 micrograms. Threshold effects can be felt with as little as 20 micrograms. LSD causes a powerful intensification and alteration of senses, emotions, memories, and self-awareness for 6 to 14 hours. In ...

Including:

• LSD - Origin
• LSD - Dosage
• LSD - Effects
• LSD - Physical
• LSD - Pharmacological
• LSD - Psychological
• LSD - Acute duration
• LSD - Physical dangers
• LSD - Flashbacks
• LSD - Psychosis
• LSD - Addiction potential
• LSD - Chemistry
• LSD - Forms of LSD
• LSD - Legal status
• LSD - LSD in the United States
• LSD - Notable people who have commented on the LSD experience
• LSD - Related topics
• LSD - Chemical
• LSD - People
• LSD - Other

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The widely used Quechua name ayahuasca has two highly interrelated yet distinct meanings and referents: 1) an Amazonian giant vine native to the rainforest, generally Banisteriopsis caapi, and, by extension, 2) pharmacologically complex infusions prepared from it for shamanic, folk-medicinal, and religious purposes. Sections of vine are boiled alone or with leaves from any of a large number of other plants, including Psychotria viridis (chakruna in Quechua) or Diplopterys cabrerana, yielding a brew c ...

Including:

• Ayahuasca - Names
• Ayahuasca - Usage
• Ayahuasca - Traditional and Western
• Ayahuasca - Introduction to the West
• Ayahuasca - Plant constituents
• Ayahuasca - Legal Status
• Ayahuasca - Books

Read more here: » Ayahuasca: Encyclopedia - Ayahuasca