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Constitution | A Wisdom Archive on Constitution | | Constitution A selection of articles related to Constitution | |
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constitution, Constitution, Constitution - Constitutional courts, Constitution - Etymology, Constitution - General features, Constitution - Governmental constitutions, Constitution - History and development, Constitution - Key features, List of national constitutions, European Union (proposed) constitution, UN Charter, Apostolic constitution (a class of Roman Catholic Church documents)
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Constitution | |
| | |  Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Württemberg - ConstitutionAs a constitutional monarchy, the Kingdom of Württemberg functioned as a member of the German Empire, with four votes in the then Federal Council (Bundesrat), and seventeen in the Reichstag (parliament). The constitution rested on a law of 1819, amended in 1868, in 1874, and again in 1906. The hereditary crown conveyed the simple title of "King of Württemberg". The king received a civil list of 103,227 pounds sterling.
The Kingdom possessed a bi-cameral legislature. The upper chamber (Standesherren) comprised:
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See also:Württemberg, Württemberg - Geography, Württemberg - Climate, Württemberg - Demography, Württemberg - Agriculture, Württemberg - Mining, Württemberg - Manufactures, Württemberg - Commerce, Württemberg - Communications, Württemberg - Constitution, Württemberg - Ecclesiatical Administration, Württemberg - Education, Württemberg - Army, Württemberg - Finances, Württemberg - History, Württemberg - Namesake, Württemberg - Bibliography Read more here: » Württemberg: Encyclopedia II - Württemberg - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Riksdag - Constitution Main article: Constitution of Sweden
The Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament) performs the normal functions of a parliament in a parliamentary democracy. It enacts laws, amends the constitution and appoints a government. In most parliamentary democracies, the Head of State commissions a politician to form a government. Under the new Instrument of Government (one of the four fundamental laws of the Constitution) enacted in 1974, that task was removed from the Monarch of Sweden and given to the Speaker of the Riksdag. To make changes ...
See also:Riksdag, Riksdag - Organization, Riksdag - Constitution, Riksdag - Government, Riksdag - Politics, Riksdag - Elections, Riksdag - History, Riksdag - Name Read more here: » Riksdag: Encyclopedia II - Riksdag - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Riksdag - Constitution Main article: Constitution of Sweden
The Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament) performs the normal functions of a parliament in a parliamentary democracy. It enacts laws, amends the constitution and appoints a government. In most parliamentary democracies, the Head of State commissions a politician to form a government. Under the new Instrument of Government (one of the four fundamental laws of the Constitution) enacted in 1974, that task was removed from the Monarch of Sweden and given to the Speaker of the Riksdag. To make changes ...
See also:Riksdag, Riksdag - Organization, Riksdag - Constitution, Riksdag - Government, Riksdag - Politics, Riksdag - Elections, Riksdag - Latest election, Riksdag - History, Riksdag - Name Read more here: » Riksdag: Encyclopedia II - Riksdag - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of the Netherlands - Constitution The Kingdom of the Netherlands is constituted by the Statute for the Kingdom of the Netherlands. This document is applicable in every part of the Kingdom.
Each of the constituent parts has its own constitution. The constitution of the Netherlands is the Constitution of the Netherlands (Grondwet van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden). This constitution is not applicable in the Netherlands Antilles or Aruba but only in the Netherlands.
The Netherlands Antilles is constituted in the Constitution of the Netherlands Antilles (Staatsregeling van de Nederlandse Antillen) and Aru ...
See also:Kingdom of the Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands - History, Kingdom of the Netherlands - Constitution, Kingdom of the Netherlands - Federal Monarchy, Kingdom of the Netherlands - States, Kingdom of the Netherlands - Future status, Kingdom of the Netherlands - Government, Kingdom of the Netherlands - Affairs, Kingdom of the Netherlands - Administration, Kingdom of the Netherlands - Legislator, Kingdom of the Netherlands - European Union, Kingdom of the Netherlands - Geography, Kingdom of the Netherlands - External link Read more here: » Kingdom of the Netherlands: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of the Netherlands - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Belgium - Constitution Main article: Constitution of Belgium.
The Constitution of Belgium was established on February 7, 1831. Its first major revision was in 1970 when, in response to a growing civil conflict between the Flemish-speaking and French-speaking communities in Brussels, the Government declared that "the unitary state, its structure and functioning as laid down by law, had become obsolete". The new constitution recognised the existence of regional differences within Belgium, but sought to reconcile these differences through a diffusion of ...
See also:Politics of Belgium, Politics of Belgium - Constitution, Politics of Belgium - Executive branch, Politics of Belgium - Head of state, Politics of Belgium - Federal government, Politics of Belgium - Regional and community governments, Politics of Belgium - Regional executives, Politics of Belgium - Provincial and local government, Politics of Belgium - Legislative branch, Politics of Belgium - Political parties and elections, Politics of Belgium - Latest result, Politics of Belgium - Electoral system, Politics of Belgium - Political parties, Politics of Belgium - Judicial branch, Politics of Belgium - Trade unions, Politics of Belgium - Linguistic challenge, Politics of Belgium - Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde district, Politics of Belgium - International organization participation Read more here: » Politics of Belgium: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Belgium - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Benin - Constitution In part spurred by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the resultant lack of donor support from the superpower, as well as an economic crisis within the country, Benin adopted a new constitution in 1990 in order to open up and liberalise the political system and economy. Its chief aims are to enshrine in law accountability, transparency, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, separation of governmental powers, the right to strike, universal suffr ...
See also:Politics of Benin, Politics of Benin - Development of political system, Politics of Benin - Constitution, Politics of Benin - Government, Politics of Benin - The President, Politics of Benin - The Cabinet, Politics of Benin - The Courts, Politics of Benin - Audiovisual and Communication Authority, Politics of Benin - Ministries, Politics of Benin - National Assembly, Politics of Benin - Political parties, Politics of Benin - Recent elections, Politics of Benin - International organizations Read more here: » Politics of Benin: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Benin - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Singapore - Constitution The Constitution of Singapore is the supreme law of Singapore [1] and it is a codified constitution.
The constitution cannot be amended without the support of more than two-thirds of the members of parliament on the second and third readings [2]. The president may seek opinion on constitutional issues from a tribunal consisting of not less t ...
See also:Politics of Singapore, Politics of Singapore - Constitution, Politics of Singapore - President, Politics of Singapore - Cabinet, Politics of Singapore - Parliament, Politics of Singapore - Composition, Politics of Singapore - Law making, Politics of Singapore - Elections and political parties, Politics of Singapore - 2005 Presidential election, Politics of Singapore - 2001 Parliamentary election, Politics of Singapore - People's Action Party, Politics of Singapore - The opposition, Politics of Singapore - Political climate, Politics of Singapore - Judiciary, Politics of Singapore - Governance Read more here: » Politics of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Singapore - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Durham University - Constitution The University holds the powers to award degrees under the Royal Charter of 1837, extended to include the power to award degrees to women under the Supplementary Charter of 1895. However, the rules governing how the University is consituted are to be found in the Statutes put in place by the Universities of Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne Act, 1963, and subsequently amended by the Privy Council. The Statutes provide that: "The University shall be governed by a Visitor, Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, Convocation, Council, Senate, and Boards of Studies."
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See also:Durham University, Durham University - History, Durham University - Origins, Durham University - 19th century, Durham University - 20th century, Durham University - Queen's Campus Stockton, Durham University - Durham today, Durham University - Chancellors of the University, Durham University - Colleges, Durham University - List of colleges, Durham University - Constitution, Durham University - Visitor, Durham University - Chancellor, Durham University - Vice-Chancellor, Durham University - Convocation, Durham University - Council, Durham University - Senate, Durham University - Colleges, Durham University - Faculties, Durham University - Notable alumni Read more here: » Durham University: Encyclopedia II - Durham University - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - History of Independent India - Constitution Main Article: Constitution of India
The Constituent Assembly of India adopted India's Constitution, drafted by a committee headed by B. R. Ambedkar, on November 26, 1949. India became a secular republic within the Commonwealth after promulgating its constitution on January 26, 1950.
External link to the constitution
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See also:History of Independent India, History of Independent India - Political Integration of India, History of Independent India - Constitution, History of Independent India - The 1950s and 1960s, History of Independent India - Military Conflicts, History of Independent India - The 1970s and Emergency, History of Independent India - The 1980s, History of Independent India - The Era of Coalitions, History of Independent India - Into the 21st century Read more here: » History of Independent India: Encyclopedia II - History of Independent India - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Government of France - Constitution Main article: Constitution of France
A popular referendum approved the constitution of the French Fifth Republic in 1958, greatly strengthening the authority of the presidency and the executive with respect to Parliament. The constitution does not contain a bill of rights in itself, but its preamble mentions that France should follow the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, as well as those of the preamble to the constitution of the Fourth Republic. This has been judged to imply that the ...
See also:Government of France, Government of France - Constitution, Government of France - Executive branch, Government of France - President of the Republic, Government of France - The gouvernement, Government of France - Executive-issued regulations and legislation, Government of France - Internal limits of the executive branch; checks and balances, Government of France - Organization of government services, Government of France - Legislative branch, Government of France - National Assembly, Government of France - Senate, Government of France - Legislation adoption procedures, Government of France - Budget, Government of France - Multiple mandates, Government of France - Economic and Social Council, Government of France - Judiciary, Government of France - Judicial Order, Government of France - Administrative Order, Government of France - Constitutional Council, Government of France - Financial jurisdictions, Government of France - Ombudsman, Government of France - French law, Government of France - Basic principles, Government of France - Statute law vs executive regulations, Government of France - Hierarchy of norms, Government of France - Local government Read more here: » Government of France: Encyclopedia II - Government of France - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Egypt - Constitution Main Article: History of the Egyptian Constitution
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt was approved by referendum in 1970 and amended in 1980 and 2005. The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt declares Egypt to be a ‘democratic and socialist republic’, operating under a ‘multiparty system’ semi-presidential system.
The national government of Egypt is divided into an executive branch, a legislative branch and a judiciary branch. The Constitution grants wide powers to the executive. The Presi ...
See also:Politics of Egypt, Politics of Egypt - Constitution, Politics of Egypt - Executive branch, Politics of Egypt - President of the Republic, Politics of Egypt - The Government/Cabinet Al-Hokouma Al-Misreya, Politics of Egypt - Legislative branch, Politics of Egypt - The People’s Assembly Majilis Al-Sha’ab, Politics of Egypt - The Shura Council Majilis Al-Shura, Politics of Egypt - Parliamentary elections, Politics of Egypt - Judicial branch, Politics of Egypt - Supreme Constitutional Court, Politics of Egypt - Political parties and elections, Politics of Egypt - Civil Society, Politics of Egypt - CIA Facts and Statistics, Politics of Egypt - Flag description Read more here: » Politics of Egypt: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Egypt - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Politics of South Africa - Constitution Following the 1994 elections, South Africa was governed under an interim constitution. This constitution required the Constituent Assembly (CA) to draft and approve a permanent constitution by 9 May 1996.
The present Constitution of South Africa was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then President Mandela on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3 February 1997; it is being implemented in phases.
The Government of National Unity (GNU) established under the interim constitution ostens ...
See also:Politics of South Africa, Politics of South Africa - Constitution, Politics of South Africa - Executive branch, Politics of South Africa - Legislative branch, Politics of South Africa - Elections, Politics of South Africa - Judicial branch, Politics of South Africa - Challenges ahead, Politics of South Africa - Human rights Read more here: » Politics of South Africa: Encyclopedia II - Politics of South Africa - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Constitution Main article: Constitution of Afghanistan
According to the 2004 constitution, Afghanistan is run by a president, who is elected by direct popular vote to a five-year term. The president may only serve two terms. A candidate for president must be at least forty years of age, a Muslim, and a citizen of Afghanistan. The country has two vice-presidents. The president serves as head of state and government, and is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The president makes appointments for his cabinet, as well as posts in the military, police force, and provincial gov ...
See also:Afghanistan, Afghanistan - Origin and history of the name, Afghanistan - History, Afghanistan - Politics, Afghanistan - Subdivisions, Afghanistan - Geography, Afghanistan - Economy, Afghanistan - Economy References, Afghanistan - Demographics, Afghanistan - Constitution, Afghanistan - Culture, Afghanistan - Education, Afghanistan - Additional references Read more here: » Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Afghanistan - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Uganda - Constitution The Ugandan constitution was adopted on October 8, 1995 by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993.
In 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law. Uganda accepts compulsory International Court of Justice jurisdiction, with reservations.
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See also:Politics of Uganda, Politics of Uganda - Executive, Politics of Uganda - Legislature, Politics of Uganda - Judiciary, Politics of Uganda - Constitution, Politics of Uganda - Political parties and leaders, Politics of Uganda - Ministries of Uganda, Politics of Uganda - International organization participation:, Politics of Uganda - Press articles Read more here: » Politics of Uganda: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Uganda - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Politics of New Zealand - Constitution Main article: The constitution of New Zealand
New Zealand has no formal, written constitution; the constitutional framework consists of a mixture of various documents (including certain acts of the United Kingdom and New Zealand Parliaments), the Treaty of Waitangi and constitutional conventions. Most constitutional provisions became consolidated into the Constitution Act 1986. There have, at times, been proposals for a formal constitution, but ...
See also:Politics of New Zealand, Politics of New Zealand - Constitution, Politics of New Zealand - Monarchy, Politics of New Zealand - Executive, Politics of New Zealand - Legislature, Politics of New Zealand - Judiciary, Politics of New Zealand - Local government, Politics of New Zealand - Regions, Politics of New Zealand - Cities and districts, Politics of New Zealand - District health boards, Politics of New Zealand - Elections and Party politics, Politics of New Zealand - Modern political history Read more here: » Politics of New Zealand: Encyclopedia II - Politics of New Zealand - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Austria - Constitution Main article: Constitution of Austria
Even though the Republic of Austria is just slightly larger than Maine, Scotland, or Hokkaidō, and even though it is home to an ethnically and culturally homogenous population of barely more than eight million people, Austria's constitution characterizes the republic as a federation consisting of nine autonomous federal states. Both the federation and all its states have written constitutions defining them to be republican entities governed according to the principles of representative dem ...
See also:Politics of Austria, Politics of Austria - Constitution, Politics of Austria - Executive branch, Politics of Austria - Legislative branch, Politics of Austria - Political parties and elections, Politics of Austria - Political Conditions, Politics of Austria - Recent events, Politics of Austria - Overview of political pressure groups and lobbies, Politics of Austria - International organization participation Read more here: » Politics of Austria: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Austria - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - Government of Maryland - Constitution The current Maryland Constitution, which establishes and limits the state government, was ratified by the people on September 18, 1867. It was preceded by three other state constitutions, the first of which was adopted on November 8, 1776. The document begins with a Declaration of Rights similar to, but broader than, the U.S. Bill of Rights. This Declaration places numerous limits and restraints upon the state's government in an attempt to protect the rights of the people. It states:
That all Government of right originates from ...
See also:Government of Maryland, Government of Maryland - Constitution, Government of Maryland - Executive branch, Government of Maryland - Governor, Government of Maryland - Lieutenant Governor, Government of Maryland - Attorney General, Government of Maryland - Comptroller, Government of Maryland - Treasurer, Government of Maryland - Board of Public Works, Government of Maryland - Legislative branch, Government of Maryland - Judicial branch, Government of Maryland - Courts of Appeal, Government of Maryland - Circuit Courts, Government of Maryland - District Court, Government of Maryland - Local government, Government of Maryland - Commissioner counties, Government of Maryland - Charter counties, Government of Maryland - Code counties, Government of Maryland - Maryland and the national government, Government of Maryland - References and links, Government of Maryland - Government sites referenced, Government of Maryland - Other references, Government of Maryland - For further information Read more here: » Government of Maryland: Encyclopedia II - Government of Maryland - Constitution |
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| | | | Constitution: Encyclopedia II - California government and politics - Constitution California's constitution is one of the longest laws in the world, taking up over 10,000 sheets of paper. Part of this length is caused by the fact that most voter initiatives take the form of a constitutional amendment, as the state Legislature can easily overturn any law with the governor's consent, while a constitutional amendment requires an election to be ratified.
Many of the individual rights clauses in the state constitution have been construed as providing rights even ...
See also:California government and politics, California government and politics - Constitution, California government and politics - Executive Branch, California government and politics - The Government Proper, California government and politics - The Overregulation Issue, California government and politics - Legislative Branch of California, California government and politics - Constitutional Basis, California government and politics - Redistricting, California government and politics - Codification In California, California government and politics - The Big Five, California government and politics - Judicial Branch, California government and politics - The California Supreme Court, California government and politics - The California Courts Of Appeal, California government and politics - The Superior Courts Of California, California government and politics - The Power Of The Courts Of Appeal Over The Superior Courts, California government and politics - Political Issues, California government and politics - Bi-partisan gerrymandering, California government and politics - Congressional Representation, California government and politics - Political Parties, California government and politics - Electoral System Read more here: » California government and politics: Encyclopedia II - California government and politics - Constitution |
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