Constantinople1 (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις) was the earlier name of the modern city of İstanbul in Turkey in its role over more than a millennium as capital, first of the Eastern Roman Empire, subsequently of the Byzantine Empire. The last imperial designation reveals the city's even more ancient Greek name: Byzantium. Constantinople was located strategically between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe met Asia, and was highly ...

Including:

• Constantinople - Names
• Constantinople - Byzantium
• Constantinople - Constantine's Foundation
• Constantinople - Public buildings
• Constantinople - Constantinople in the Divided Empire
• Constantinople - The City under Justinian
• Constantinople - The City after Justinian
• Constantinople - Importance of the City in its prime
• Constantinople - The Isaurians
• Constantinople - The Comneni and Palaeologi
• Constantinople - The Ottomans
• Constantinople - Constantinople in popular culture
• Constantinople - Notes

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The first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople was Honoratus, who took office on 11 December 359 and held it until 361. The emperor Valens built the Palace of Hebdomon on the shore of the Propontis near the Golden Gate, probably for use when reviewing troops. All the emperors, up to Zeno and Basiliscus, who were elevated at Constantinople, were crowned and acclaimed at the Hebdomon. Theodosius I founded the church of John the Baptist to house a relic of the saint, put up a memorial pillar to himself in the Forum of Taurus, and turned ...

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Constantinople, Constantinople - Names, Constantinople - Byzantium, Constantinople - Constantine's Foundation, Constantinople - Public buildings, Constantinople - Constantinople in the Divided Empire, Constantinople - The City under Justinian, Constantinople - The City after Justinian, Constantinople - Importance of the City in its prime, Constantinople - The Isaurians, Constantinople - The Comneni and Palaeologi, Constantinople - The Ottomans, Constantinople - Constantinople in popular culture, Constantinople - Notes

Read more here: » Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Constantinople - Constantinople in the Divided Empire

The name of Constantinople is an honorific eponym referencing its founder, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Constantine established the Greek city of Byzantium as the second capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, AD 330, naming the city Nova Roma (New Rome). That particular name, however, enjoyed little common use, and it was as the 'City of Constantine' (Constantinopolis) that it ...

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Constantinople, Constantinople - Names, Constantinople - Byzantium, Constantinople - Constantine's Foundation, Constantinople - Public buildings, Constantinople - Constantinople in the Divided Empire, Constantinople - The City under Justinian, Constantinople - The City after Justinian, Constantinople - Importance of the City in its prime, Constantinople - The Isaurians, Constantinople - The Comneni and Palaeologi, Constantinople - The Ottomans, Constantinople - Constantinople in popular culture, Constantinople - Notes

Read more here: » Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Constantinople - Names

Saint Alexander (between 237 and 244 - 337), bishop of Byzantium and first bishop of Constantinople until his death, as the city was then called (Theod. Hist. i. 19) for about 23 years. His consecration, which was variously dated between AD 313 and 317, took place when he was 73 years of age (Socrates Scholasticus Hist. ii. 6; Sozomen Hist. iii. 3).† His feast day is on August 31. Alexander was highly praised by Gregory Nazianzus (Or. 27) and Epiphanius of Cyprus (adv. Haer. lxix. 10). Theodoret called hi ...

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• Alexander of Constantinople - Sources

Read more here: » Alexander of Constantinople: Encyclopedia - Alexander of Constantinople

The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the "first among equals" in the Eastern Orthodox communion. In this capacity he is first in honor among all the Orthodox bishops, presides over any council of bishops in which he takes part and serves as primary spokesman for the communion, but has no jurisdiction over the other patriarchs or the other autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches. In addition to being spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide, he is the direct administrative head of some four million Ukrainian, Greek, Carpatho-Russian and Al ...

Including:

• Patriarch of Constantinople - Issues of Religious Freedom
• Patriarch of Constantinople - Notes and References

Read more here: » Patriarch of Constantinople: Encyclopedia - Patriarch of Constantinople

The Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople is today head of one of the smallest Patriarchates of the Oriental Orthodox Church but has exerted a very significant political role and today still exercises a spiritual authority which earns him considerable respect among Orthodox churches. Despite a huge diminution in the number of its faithful, the patriarchate is still the largest Christian community in Turkey. He is under the ...

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Bucoleon Palace was one of the Byzantine palaces in Constantinople. It was built (probably) by Theodosius II in the 5th century. Bucoleon - Historical Information. The palace sits on the shore of Marmara Sea. The ruins suggest a balcony looking out to the sea was present and was accesible through three marble-framed doorways, still visible today. In front of the palace was a small harbor. (now filled) The palace comprises part of the Theodosian city walls. The palace was renovated by Justinian I in the 6th ...

Including:

• Bucoleon - Historical Information
• Bucoleon - Tourist Information

Read more here: » Bucoleon: Encyclopedia - Bucoleon

Constantinian shift is a term used by Anabaptist and Post-Christendom theologians to describe the gradual shift towards Christendom. This shift began in 312 when Emperor Constantine I adopted Christianity as his imperial cult after the Battle of Milvian Bridge. His legions, who were victorious, fought under the Labarum, the first two Greek letters of Christ's name. In 313 the Edict of Milan legitimized Christianity alongside other religions practiced in the Roman Empire. In 325, the First Council of Nicaea signalled consolidati ...

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Archon (Gr. αρχων, pl. αρχοντες) is a Greek word that means "ruler" or the like, though it is frequently encountered as the title of some specific public office. In form the word is simply the masculine participle of the verb stem αρχο-, derived from the same root that appears in words such as monarch and hierarchy. In the early literary period of ancient Greece the chief magistrates of various Greek city states were called Archons. The term was also used throughout Greek history in a more general sense, ra ...

Including:

• Archon - Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
• Archon - Gnostic Archons

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398 - Events. John Chrysostom becomes bishop of Constantinople. 398 - Births. 398 - Deaths. Pope Siricius Nectarius of Constantinople, bishop of Constantinople Category: 398 ...

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• 398 - Events
• 398 - Births
• 398 - Deaths

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Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately 42). The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodoxy, and the see of Alexandria in Coptic Christianity has been a distinct church body since the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Her leader is the Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of the Holy See of Saint Mark, currently Pope Shenouda III. More than 95% of Egypt's Christians belong to the Coptic Orthodox C ...

Including:

• Coptic Christianity - History
• Coptic Christianity - The Catechetical School of Alexandria Egypt
• Coptic Christianity - Monasticism and missionary work
• Coptic Christianity - Council of Nicea
• Coptic Christianity - Council of Constantinople
• Coptic Christianity - Council of Ephesus
• Coptic Christianity - Council of Chalcedon
• Coptic Christianity - From Chalcedon to the Arab conquest of Egypt
• Coptic Christianity - The Arab conquest of Egypt
• Coptic Christianity - From the 19th century to the 1952 revolution
• Coptic Christianity - Coptic Christianity today
• Coptic Christianity - Prominent Copts
• Coptic Christianity - Bibliography

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Mehmed, whose great-grandfather Bayezid I had previously built a fortress on the Asian side of the Bosporus called Anadolu Hisarı, now built a second castle outside the walls of Constantinople on the European side, which would increase Turkish influence on the straits. An especially relevant aspect of this fortress was its ability to prevent help from Genoese colonies on the Black Sea coast from reaching the city. This castle was called Rumeli Hisarı; Rumeli and Anadolu being the names of European and Asian port ...

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Fall of Constantinople, Fall of Constantinople - State of the Byzantine Empire, Fall of Constantinople - Preparations, Fall of Constantinople - Siege and final assault of the city, Fall of Constantinople - Aftermath

Read more here: » Fall of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Fall of Constantinople - Preparations

(Constantinople retaken in 1261; Patriarchate now titular only) Peter Correr (1286-1302) Leonard Faliero (1302- c. 1305) Nicholas of Thebes (c. 1308- c. 1331) Cardinalis (1332-1335) Gozio Battaglia (1335-1339) Roland of Ast (1339) Henry of Ast (1339-1345) Stephen of Pinu (1346) William (1346-1364) Patriarch Peter Thomas (1364-1366) Patriarch Paul of Thebes (1366-1370) Hugolin Malabranca (1371- c. 1375) James d'Itri (1376-1 ...

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Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople - List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople - Sources

Read more here: » Latin Patriarch of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Latin Patriarch of Constantinople - List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople

In 726 Emperor Leo III published an edict forbidding the use of images in the Church. His soldiers consequently removed images from churches throughout the Byzantine Empire. Germanus, the patriarch of Constantinople, protested the edict. He wrote a letter appealing to Pope Gregory II in Rome in 729. Emperor Leo deposed Germanus as patriarch soon afterwards. Pope Gergory opposed Leo and urged him to retract the edict, which Leo refused to do. ...

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Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople, Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople - Background, Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople - Anastasius's Patriarchate

Read more here: » Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople - Background

Timothy of Alexandria, Meletius of Antioch, Gregory Nazianzus, and Nectarius of Constantinople successively presided. Gregory Nazianzus was appointed Patriarch of Constantinople, but soon resigned from the position a few months later, and Nectarius was then put in his place. The council affirmed the original Nicene creed of faith as true and an accurate explanation of Scripture. This council also developed a statement of faith which included the language of Nicea, but expanded the discussion on the Holy Spirit to combat heresies. It i ...

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First Council of Constantinople, First Council of Constantinople - Background, First Council of Constantinople - The proceedings, First Council of Constantinople - Aftermath

Read more here: » First Council of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - First Council of Constantinople - The proceedings

Although the Hippodrome is usually associated with Constantinople's days of glory as an imperial capital, it actually predates that era. The first Hippdrome was built when the city was called Byzantium (Byzantion in Greek), and was a provincial town of moderate importance. In 203 the Emperor Septimius Severus rebuilt the city and expanded its walls, endowing it with a hippodrome, an arena for chariot races and other entertainments. In 324, the Emperor Constantine the Great decided to move the seat of the government from Rome to Byzant ...

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Hippodrome of Constantinople, Hippodrome of Constantinople - History and use, Hippodrome of Constantinople - Hippodrome monuments, Hippodrome of Constantinople - The Hippodrome today

Read more here: » Hippodrome of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Hippodrome of Constantinople - History and use

As Constantine the Great had made Byzantium "New Rome" in 330, it was thought appropriate that its bishop, once a suffragan of Heraclea, should become second only to the Bishop of Old Rome. Soon after the transfer of the Roman capital, the bishopric was elevated to an archbishopric.[1] For many decades Roman popes opposed this ambition, not because anyone thought of disputing their first place, but because they were unwilling to change the old order of the hie ...

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Patriarch of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople - Early history, Patriarch of Constantinople - Issues of Religious Freedom, Patriarch of Constantinople - Notes and References

Read more here: » Patriarch of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Patriarch of Constantinople - Early history

Mehmed had promised his troops they could loot the city for three days, in accordance with ancient military tradition. He had also threatened Emperor Constantine XI that if the city resisted, the civilians would not be spared. Although Mehmet II allowed the rape, pillage and looting of the city, as was the custom of all armies during that age, he changed his mind after seeing the great structures of the city being destroyed and stopped the activities after 24 hours; unfortunately at that point a large part ...

See also:

Fall of Constantinople, Fall of Constantinople - State of the Byzantine Empire, Fall of Constantinople - Preparations, Fall of Constantinople - Siege and final assault of the city, Fall of Constantinople - Aftermath

Read more here: » Fall of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Fall of Constantinople - Aftermath

Born at Sebaste in Armenia, he early embraced a monastic life, and received his education from some Macedonian monks near that place. Removing to Constantinople, he adopted the orthodox faith, was ordained presbyter, and soon became known as a rising man. He proved himself one of Chrysostom's most bitter adversaries. If not, as Palladius asserts (c. xi.), the architect of the whole cabal, he certainly took a very leading part in carrying it into execution. The organization of the synod of the Oak owed much to his practical skill (Phot. Cod. ...

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Patriarch Atticus of Constantinople, Patriarch Atticus of Constantinople - Biography, Patriarch Atticus of Constantinople - Teachings, Patriarch Atticus of Constantinople - Sources

Read more here: » Patriarch Atticus of Constantinople: Encyclopedia II - Patriarch Atticus of Constantinople - Biography