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consonance and dissonance | A Wisdom Archive on consonance and dissonance | | consonance and dissonance A selection of articles related to consonance and dissonance | |
| We recommend this article: consonance and dissonance - 1, and also this: consonance and dissonance - 2. |
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consonance and dissonance, Consonance and dissonance - Consonance, Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance, Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance and musical style, Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance throughout the history of western music, Consonance and dissonance - Source, Consonance and dissonance - Sources, Consonance and dissonance - The objective basis of dissonance
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO consonance and dissonance | | | | | |  consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Counterpoint - Dissonant counterpointDissonant counterpoint was first theorized by Charles Seeger as "at first purely a school-room discipline," consisting of species counterpoint but with all the traditional rules reversed. First species counterpoint is required to be all dissonances, establishing "dissonance, rather than consonance, as the rule," and consonances are "resolved" through a skip, not step. He wrote that "the effect of this discipline" was "one of purification." Other aspects of composition, such as rhythm, could be "dissonated" by applying the same principle (Charles Seeger, "On Dissonant Counter ...
See also:Counterpoint, Counterpoint - Species counterpoint, Counterpoint - Considerations for all species, Counterpoint - First species, Counterpoint - Second species, Counterpoint - Third species, Counterpoint - Fourth species, Counterpoint - Florid counterpoint, Counterpoint - General notes, Counterpoint - Contrapuntal derivations, Counterpoint - Dissonant counterpoint, Counterpoint - Source Read more here: » Counterpoint: Encyclopedia II - Counterpoint - Dissonant counterpoint |
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| | | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Cognitive dissonance - Origins and the experiment In Festinger and Carlsmith's classic 1959 experiment, students were made to perform tedious and meaningless tasks, consisting of turning pegs quarter-turns, then removing them from a board, then putting them back in, and so forth. Subjects rated these tasks very negatively. After a long period of doing this, students were told the experiment was over and they could leave.
However, the experimenter then asked the subject for a small favor. They were told that a needed research assistant was not able to make it to the experiment, and th ...
See also:Cognitive dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Origins and the experiment, Cognitive dissonance - Conflicting cognitions: cognitive dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Two kinds of dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Further propositions by Festinger Read more here: » Cognitive dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Cognitive dissonance - Origins and the experiment |
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| | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - High German consonant shift - General description The High German consonant shift altered a number of consonants in the Southern German dialects, and thus also in modern Standard German, and so explains why many German words have different consonants from the obviously related words in English. Briefly, there are four thrusts which may be thought of as four successive phases:
1. Germanic voiceless stops became fricatives in certain phonetic environments (English ship maps to German Schiff);
2. The same sounds became affricates in other positions (apple ...
See also:High German consonant shift, High German consonant shift - General description, High German consonant shift - Overview table, High German consonant shift - The four phases in detail, High German consonant shift - Phase 1, High German consonant shift - Phase 2, High German consonant shift - Phase 3, High German consonant shift - Phase 4, High German consonant shift - Chronology, High German consonant shift - Geographical distribution, High German consonant shift - East Germanic hypotheses, High German consonant shift - Sample texts, High German consonant shift - Sources Read more here: » High German consonant shift: Encyclopedia II - High German consonant shift - General description |
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| | | | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - In fiction
Consonant mutation - Sindarin.
The Sindarin language created by J. R. R. Tolkien has mutation patterns inspired by those of Welsh. The first letter of a noun usually undergoes mutation when the noun follows a closely associated word such as an article or preposition. Thus, we get certh, rune, and i gerth, the rune. Also, second elements of compounds and direct objects of verbs undergo mutation.
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See also:Consonant mutation, Consonant mutation - Celtic, Consonant mutation - Japanese, Consonant mutation - Indonesian/Malay, Consonant mutation - Southern Paiute, Consonant mutation - Fula, Consonant mutation - Finnish, Consonant mutation - Dholuo, Consonant mutation - English, Consonant mutation - Modern Hebrew, Consonant mutation - In fiction, Consonant mutation - Sindarin, Consonant mutation - Mutation vs. sandhi, Consonant mutation - Bibliography Read more here: » Consonant mutation: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - In fiction |
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| | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - Fula The Gombe dialect of Fula, spoken in Nigeria, shows mutation triggered by declension class. The mutation grades are Fortition and Prenasalization:
For example, the stems rim- 'free man' and ɣim- 'person' have the following forms:
rimɓe (class 2), dimo (class 1), ndimon (class 6)
ɣimɓe (class 2), gimɗo ...
See also:Consonant mutation, Consonant mutation - Celtic, Consonant mutation - Japanese, Consonant mutation - Indonesian/Malay, Consonant mutation - Southern Paiute, Consonant mutation - Fula, Consonant mutation - Finnish, Consonant mutation - Dholuo, Consonant mutation - English, Consonant mutation - Modern Hebrew, Consonant mutation - In fiction, Consonant mutation - Sindarin, Consonant mutation - Mutation vs. sandhi, Consonant mutation - Bibliography Read more here: » Consonant mutation: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - Fula |
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| | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - Japanese Rendaku (meaning sequential voicing) is a mutation of the initial consonant of a non-initial component in a Japanese compound word. Some compounds exhibiting rendaku:
nigiri + sushi → nigirizushi ("squeeze" + "sushi" → "hand-shaped sushi")
nigori + sake → nigorizake ("muddy" + "rice wine" → "unfiltered sake")
Nigori in "nigorizake" and the daku in "rendaku" are actually different readings (see On-yomi and Kun-yomi) of the same kanji 濁, because voiced and unvoiced consonants ...
See also:Consonant mutation, Consonant mutation - Celtic, Consonant mutation - Japanese, Consonant mutation - Indonesian/Malay, Consonant mutation - Southern Paiute, Consonant mutation - Fula, Consonant mutation - Finnish, Consonant mutation - Dholuo, Consonant mutation - English, Consonant mutation - Modern Hebrew, Consonant mutation - In fiction, Consonant mutation - Sindarin, Consonant mutation - Mutation vs. sandhi, Consonant mutation - Bibliography Read more here: » Consonant mutation: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - Japanese |
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| | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - Celtic For details see the articles on the individual languages: Breton language, Cornish language, Irish initial mutations, Manx language, Scottish Gaelic language, Welsh morphology.
The Celtic languages are well known for their initial consonant mutations. The individual languages vary on the number of mutations available: Scottish Gaelic and Manx have one, Irish has two, and the Brythonic languages Welsh, Breton and Cornish each have three (but not the same three). Additionally, Irish and the Brythonic languages have so-called "mix ...
See also:Consonant mutation, Consonant mutation - Celtic, Consonant mutation - Japanese, Consonant mutation - Indonesian/Malay, Consonant mutation - Southern Paiute, Consonant mutation - Fula, Consonant mutation - Finnish, Consonant mutation - Dholuo, Consonant mutation - English, Consonant mutation - Modern Hebrew, Consonant mutation - In fiction, Consonant mutation - Sindarin, Consonant mutation - Mutation vs. sandhi, Consonant mutation - Bibliography Read more here: » Consonant mutation: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - Celtic |
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| | | | | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - Finnish In Finnish (and related languages such as Estonian), stem-medial consonants undergo mutation called consonant gradation. One of the mutations is known as weakening; here is a partial list:
For example, nouns and adjectives in the genitive singular generally have weakened versions of stem-medial consonants:
lappu 'piece of paper' (nom.), lapun (gen.)
halpa 'cheap' (nom.), halvan (gen.)
kota 'Lappish tent' (nom.), kodan (gen.)
suka 'brush' (nom.), suan (gen.)
puku "a suit", puvun (gen.)See also: Consonant mutation, Consonant mutation - Celtic, Consonant mutation - Japanese, Consonant mutation - Indonesian/Malay, Consonant mutation - Southern Paiute, Consonant mutation - Fula, Consonant mutation - Finnish, Consonant mutation - Dholuo, Consonant mutation - English, Consonant mutation - Modern Hebrew, Consonant mutation - In fiction, Consonant mutation - Sindarin, Consonant mutation - Mutation vs. sandhi, Consonant mutation - Bibliography Read more here: » Consonant mutation: Encyclopedia II - Consonant mutation - Finnish |
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| | | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Click consonant - Transcription The five click releases with dedicated symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are bilabial ʘ, dental ǀ, postalveolar ǂ, alveolar ǃ, and alveolar lateral ǁ. The alveolar and palatal releases are "abrupt"; that is, they are sharp popping sounds with little fri ...
See also:Click consonant, Click consonant - Distribution, Click consonant - Types of clicks, Click consonant - Transcription, Click consonant - Accompaniments, Click consonant - Releases, Click consonant - Inventories of click releases, Click consonant - Names found in the literature, Click consonant - Click loss Read more here: » Click consonant: Encyclopedia II - Click consonant - Transcription |
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| | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Affricate consonant - Notation Affricates are often represented by the two sounds they consist of (e.g. [pf], [kx]). However, single signs for the affricates may be desirable, in order to stress that they function as unitary speech segments (i.e. as phonemes). In this case, the IPA recommends to join the two elements of the affricate by a tie bar (e.g. [p͡f], [k͡x] ...
See also:Affricate consonant, Affricate consonant - Samples, Affricate consonant - Notation, Affricate consonant - Affricates vs. stop-fricative sequences, Affricate consonant - List of affricates, Affricate consonant - Sibilant affricates, Affricate consonant - Non-sibilant affricates, Affricate consonant - Lateral affricates, Affricate consonant - Trilled affricates Read more here: » Affricate consonant: Encyclopedia II - Affricate consonant - Notation |
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| | | | | consonance and dissonance: Encyclopedia II - Glottalic consonant - How to produce an ejective consonant In order to produce, for example, an ejective k, do as follows:
Press the back of your tongue to the roof of your mouth so as to pronounce a [k].
Move your glottis upward. Since this is not something you normally do, you may need to monitor your adam's apple with your fingers.
You may notice the pressure building. Release the back of your tongue, letting out air for a [ka]. The [k] should be clicky and dull. (Your glottis will move down again during the [a], so don't mind that.)
The same principle applies to the other ejective consonants, but ...
See also:Glottalic consonant, Glottalic consonant - How to produce an implosive consonant, Glottalic consonant - How to produce an ejective consonant, Glottalic consonant - Glottalic sounds in languages Read more here: » Glottalic consonant: Encyclopedia II - Glottalic consonant - How to produce an ejective consonant |
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