In music, a consonance (Latin consonare, "sounding together") is a harmony, chord, or interval considered stable, as opposed to a dissonance, which is considered unstable. The strictest definition of consonance may be only those sounds which are pleasant, while the most general definition includes any sounds which are used freely. Consonance and dissonance - Consonance. Consonance has been defined variously through: Frequency ratios: with ratios of lower simple numbers being more ...

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Consonance and dissonance - Consonance
Consonance and dissonance - Source
Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance
Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance and musical style Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance throughout the history of western music Consonance and dissonance - The objective basis of dissonance Consonance and dissonance - Sources

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Consonance has been defined variously through: Frequency ratios: with ratios of lower simple numbers being more consonant than those which are higher (Pythagoras). Many of these definitions do not require exact integer tunings, only approximation. Coincidence of harmonics: with consonance being a greater coincidence of harmonics or partials (collectively overtones) (Helmholtz, 1877/1954). By this definition consonance is dependent not only on the quality of the interval between two notes, but the partials and thu ...

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Consonance and dissonance, Consonance and dissonance - Consonance, Consonance and dissonance - Source, Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance, Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance and musical style, Consonance and dissonance - Dissonance throughout the history of western music, Consonance and dissonance - The objective basis of dissonance, Consonance and dissonance - Sources

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Cognitive dissonance is a condition first proposed by the psychologist Leon Festinger in 1956, relating to his hypothesis of cognitive consistency. Cognitive dissonance is a state of opposition between cognitions. For the purpose of cognitive dissonance theory, cognitions are defined as being an any element of knowlege attitude, emotion, belief or value, as well as a goal, plan, or an interest. In brief, the theory of cognitive dissonance holds that contradicting cognitions serve as a driving force that compels the human mind t ...

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Cognitive dissonance - Origins and the experiment Cognitive dissonance - Conflicting cognitions: cognitive dissonance Cognitive dissonance - Two kinds of dissonance Cognitive dissonance - Further propositions by Festinger

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Consonance and dissonance are relative terms referring to the stability, or state of repose, of particular musical effects. Dissonant intervals would be those which cause tension and desire to be resolved to consonant intervals. These terms are relative to the usage of different compositional styles. In atonal music all intervals (or interval classes) are considered equally consonant melodically and harmonically. In the middle ages, only the octave and perfect fifth were considered consonant harmonically.< ...

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Interval music, Interval music - Frequency ratios, Interval music - Interval number and quality, Interval music - Shorthand notation, Interval music - Enharmonic intervals, Interval music - Steps and skips, Interval music - Pitch class intervals, Interval music - Ordered and unordered pitch and pitch class intervals, Interval music - Generic and specific intervals, Interval music - Cents, Interval music - Comparison of different interval naming systems, Interval music - Consonant and dissonant intervals, Interval music - Inversion, Interval music - Interval roots, Interval music - Interval cycles, Interval music - Other intervals, Interval music - Sources

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Consonance is a stylistic device, often used in poetry. It is the repetition of consonant sounds in a short sequence of words, for example, the "t" sound in "Is it blunt and flat?" Alliteration differs from consonance insofar as alliteration requires the repeated consonant sound to be at the beginning of each word, where in consonance it is at the end. In half rhyme, the terminal con

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Harmony can generally be thought of as occurring when two or more pitches are sounded simultaneously, although harmony can be implied when pitches are sounded successively rather than simultaneously (as in arpeggiation). Harmonies involving three or more pitches sounded simultaneously are referred to as chords, though the term is generally used to indicate an organized selection of pitches rather than just any three or more pitches. Consonance can be roughly defined as harmonies whose tones complement and augment each others' resonanc ...

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Music theory, Music theory - Sound, Music theory - Pitch, Music theory - Rhythm, Music theory - Melody, Music theory - Harmony consonance & dissonance, Music theory - Notation, Music theory - Analysis

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Festinger proposed that cognitive dissonance is a "negative drive state", a similar psychological tension to hunger and thirst and that people will seek to resolve this tension. Reduction of cognitive dissonance may be good because one feels better, and because one can come closer to consonance by eliminating contradictions. On the other hand some of the ways of reduction of cognitive dissonance involve a distortion of the truth, which may cause wrong decisions. The har ...

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Cognitive dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Origins and the experiment, Cognitive dissonance - Conflicting cognitions: cognitive dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Two kinds of dissonance, Cognitive dissonance - Further propositions by Festinger

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A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant comes from Latin and means "sounding with" or "sounding together", the idea being that consonants don't sound on their own, but only occur with a nearby vowel, which is the case in Latin. This conception of consonants, however, does not r ...

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Consonant - Consonant as a symbol Consonant - Links

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Consonant mutation is the phenomenon in which a consonant in a word is changed according to its morphological and/or syntactic environment. Mutation phenomena are found in languages around the world. The prototypical example of consonant mutation is the initial consonant mutation of all modern Celtic languages. Initial consonant mutation is found also in Japanese, Indonesian or Malay, in Southern Paiute and in several West African languages such as Fula. Baltic Finnic languages such as Finnish and Estonian have mutation of word ...

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Consonant mutation - Celtic Consonant mutation - Japanese Consonant mutation - Indonesian/Malay Consonant mutation - Southern Paiute Consonant mutation - Fula Consonant mutation - Finnish Consonant mutation - Dholuo Consonant mutation - English Consonant mutation - Modern Hebrew Consonant mutation - In fiction
Consonant mutation - Sindarin
Consonant mutation - Mutation vs. sandhi Consonant mutation - Bibliography

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Affricate consonants begin like stops (most often an alveolar, such as [t] or [d]), but release as a fricative such as [s] or [z] (or, in a couple of languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. Affricate consonant - Samples. The English sounds spelt "ch" and ...

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Affricate consonant - Samples Affricate consonant - Notation Affricate consonant - Affricates vs. stop-fricative sequences Affricate consonant - List of affricates
Affricate consonant - Sibilant affricates Affricate consonant - Non-sibilant affricates Affricate consonant - Lateral affricates Affricate consonant - Trilled affricates

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Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. In the articulation of approximants, articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence. Approximants are therefore more open than fricatives. This class of sounds includes lateral approximants like [l], as in lip, and approximants like [j]

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Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. Uvular consonants are less common than velars. They may be plosives, fricatives, nasal stops, trills, or approximants, though the IPA does not provide a separate symbol for the approximant, and the symbol for the voiced fricative is used instead. The uvular consonants ...

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Uvular consonant - The Three Uvular Rs

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Clicks are stops produced with two articulatory closures in the oral cavity. The pocket of air enclosed between the two closures is rarefied by a sucking action of the tongue. The release of the more forward closure produces what in many cases are the loudest consonants in the language, although in some languages such as Hadza, clicks are more subtle and may even be mistaken for ejective stops. Clicks appear more stop-like or more affricate-like depending on their place of articulation: Clicks involving an apical alveolar or laminal p ...

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Click consonant - Distribution Click consonant - Types of clicks Click consonant - Transcription Click consonant - Accompaniments Click consonant - Releases
Click consonant - Inventories of click releases Click consonant - Names found in the literature
Click consonant - Click loss

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A voiced consonant is a sound made as the vocal cords vibrate, as opposed to a voiceless consonant, where the vocal cords are relaxed. See phonation for a continuum of degrees of tension in the vocal cords. Examples of voiced-voiceless pairs of consonants are: If you place your fingers on your voice box (Adam's apple in your upper throat), you can feel a buzz when you pronounce zzzz, but not when you pronounce ssss. That buzz is the vibration of your vocal cords. Except for this, the sounds [s] and [z] are pract ...

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In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are: Owere Igbo has a six-way contrast among bilabial plosives: [p pʰ ɓ̥ b b̤ ɓ]. See also. Place of articulation List of phonetics topics Categories: Pages containing IPA | Bilabial ...

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In phonetics, a voiceless consonant is a consonant that does not have voicing. That is, it is produced without vibration of the vocal cords. Voiceless obstruent consonants are usually articulated more strongly than their voiced counterparts, because in voiced consonants, the energy used in pronunciation is split between the laryngeal vibration and the oral articulation. The IPA diacritic for voicelessness is the under-ring, » Voiceless consonant: Encyclopedia - Voiceless consonant

Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth. Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue (so-called apical consonants), as in English, or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip (the "blade" of the tongue; called laminal consonants), as in French and Spanish. The laminal alveolar articulation is often mistakenly called dental, because the tip of the tongue can be ...

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Co-articulated consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of articulation. They may be divided into two classes, doubly articulated consonants with two primary places of articulation of the same manner (both plosive, or both nasal, etc.), and consonants with secondary articulation, that is, a second articulation not of the same manner. An example of a doubly articulated consonant is the voiceless labial-velar plosive [k͡p], which is ...

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Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth, known also as the velum). Since the velar region of the roof of the mouth is relatively extensive and the movements of the dorsum are not very precise, velars easily undergo assimilation, shifting their articulation back or to the front depending on the quality of adjacent vowels. They often become automatically fronted, that is partly or completely palatal before a following ...

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