A kinship terminology is a specific system of familial relationships. The now rather dated anthropologist Louis Henry Morgan argued that kinship terminologies reflect different sets of distinctions. For example, most kinship terminologies distinguish between sexes (this is the difference between a brother and a sister) and between generations (this is the difference between a child and a parent). Moreover, he argued, kinship terminologies distinguish between relatives by blood and marriage (although recently some anthropologists have argued that many societie ...

See also:

Family, Family - Family cross-culturally, Family - Family in the West, Family - Economic function of the family, Family - Kinship terminology, Family - English kinship terminology

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Polygamy may be polygyny (one man having one or more wives) or polyandry (one woman having one or more husbands) and it has been practised throughout history in almost all cultures, sanctioned by various religions where necessary to meet population or economic needs. For example, when disease, war or famine has reduced populations, the taking of several wives has been the solution to restoring population. In some economically poor areas where infant mortality is high but children are a vitial source of labour to maintain the earning capacity ...

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Marriage conflict, Marriage conflict - Public policy, Marriage conflict - The choice of law options, Marriage conflict - Status and capacity, Marriage conflict - The formal and/or essential validity of the marriage, Marriage conflict - The lex fori, Marriage conflict - Discussion, Marriage conflict - Formalities, Marriage conflict - Religious forms of marriage, Marriage conflict - Customary law marriages, Marriage conflict - Common law marriages, Marriage conflict - The age of marriage, Marriage conflict - Consent, Marriage conflict - Consanguinity, Marriage conflict - Polygamy, Marriage conflict - Potentially polygamous, Marriage conflict - Actually polygamous, Marriage conflict - Same-sex marriage

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Many aspects of the world are analyzed from a hierarchical perspective. (The concept of hierarchy is thus a good example of interdisciplinary; it sometimes benefits from a sense of connection between otherwise unrelated disciplines.) BIOLOGICAL TAXONOMY: In biology, the study of taxonomy is one of the most conventionally hierarchical kinds knowledge, placing all living beings in a nested structure of divisions related to their probable evolutionary descent. Most evolutionary biologists assert a hierachy extending from the level ...

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Hierarchy, Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchies in programming, Hierarchy - Containment hierarchy, Hierarchy - Social hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences, Hierarchy - Alternatives

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Many human organizations, such as businesses, churches, armies and political movements are hierarchical organizations, at least officially; commonly superiors, called "bosses", have more power than their subordinates. Thus the relationship defining this hierarchy is "commands" or "has power over". (Some analysts question whether power "really" works as the traditional organizational chart indicates, however.) See also chain of command. Many social criticisms include a questioning of social hierarchies seen as being unjust. Feminism, f ...

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Hierarchy, Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchies in programming, Hierarchy - Containment hierarchy, Hierarchy - Social hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences, Hierarchy - Alternatives

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Hierarchies are important for categorization and organization of large numbers of objects. Taxonomies, for example, such as biological taxonomies, are built on hierarchies. Hierarchy is also often used to control complexity in engineering endeavors. For example, large electronic devices such as computers are usually composed of modules, which are themselves created out of smaller components (integrated circuits), which in turn ...

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Hierarchy, Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchies in programming, Hierarchy - Containment hierarchy, Hierarchy - Social hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences, Hierarchy - Alternatives

Read more here: » Hierarchy: Encyclopedia II - Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences

Many human organizations, such as businesses, churches, armies and political movements are hierarchical organizations, at least officially; commonly superiors, called "bosses", have more power than their subordinates. Thus the relationship defining this hierarchy is "commands" or "has power over". (Some analysts question whether power "really" works as the traditional organizational chart indicates, however.) See also chain of command. Some social insect species (bees, ants, termites) depen ...

See also:

Hierarchy, Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchies in programming, Hierarchy - Containment hierarchy, Hierarchy - Social hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences, Hierarchy - Alternatives

Read more here: » Hierarchy: Encyclopedia II - Hierarchy - Social hierarchies

Many aspects of the world are analyzed from a hierarchical perspective. (The concept of hierarchy is thus a good example of interdisciplinary; it sometimes benefits from a sense of connection between otherwise unrelated disciplines.) BIOLOGICAL TAXONOMY: In biology, the study of taxonomy is one of the most conventionally hierarchical kind’s knowledge, placing all living beings in a nested structure of divisions related to their probable evolutionary descent. Most evolutionary biologists assert a hierarchy extending from the le ...

See also:

Hierarchy, Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchies in programming, Hierarchy - Containment hierarchy, Hierarchy - Social hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences, Hierarchy - Alternatives

Read more here: » Hierarchy: Encyclopedia II - Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies

Many human organizations, such as businesses, churches, armies and political movements are hierarchical organizations, at least officially; commonly superiors, called "bosses", have more power than their subordinates. Thus the relationship defining this hierarchy is "commands" or "has power over". (Some analysts question whether power "really" works as the traditional organizational chart indicates, however.) See also chain of command. Some social insect species (bees, ants, termites) depend on ...

See also:

Hierarchy, Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchies in programming, Hierarchy - Containment hierarchy, Hierarchy - Social hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences, Hierarchy - Alternatives

Read more here: » Hierarchy: Encyclopedia II - Hierarchy - Social hierarchies

Hierarchies are important for categorization and organization of large numbers of objects. Taxonomies, for example, such as biological taxonomies, are built on hierarchies. Hierarchy is also often used to control complexity in engineering endeavours. For example, large electronic devices such as computers are usually composed of modules, which are themselves created out of smaller components (integrated circuits), which in turn ...

See also:

Hierarchy, Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchies in programming, Hierarchy - Containment hierarchy, Hierarchy - Social hierarchies, Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences, Hierarchy - Alternatives

Read more here: » Hierarchy: Encyclopedia II - Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences

Kinship and descent have a number of legal ramifications, which vary widely between legal and social structures. Most human groups share a taboo against incest; which relatives are forbidden from marriage but the rules tend to vary widely once you move beyond the nuclear family. At common law, the prohibitions are typically phrased in terms of "degrees of consanguinity." More importantly, kinship and descent enters the legal system by virtue of intestacy, the laws that at common law determine who inherits the estates of the dea ...

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Kinship and descent, Kinship and descent - Descent groups, Kinship and descent - Lineages clans phratries and moieties, Kinship and descent - The nuclear family, Kinship and descent - Legal ramifications, Kinship and descent - Kinship systems, Kinship and descent - External link

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The Crow were a matrilineal (decent through the maternal line), matrilocal (husband moves in with wife's family), and matriarchal tribe (females obtaining high status, even chief). Women held a very significant role within the tribe. Crow kinship is a kinship system used to define family. Identified by Louis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Crow system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian ...

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Crow Nation, Crow Nation - Geography, Crow Nation - Language, Crow Nation - Lifestyle, Crow Nation - Lineage, Crow Nation - Scouts, Crow Nation - Government, Crow Nation - Constitution Controversy, Crow Nation - Chairmen of the Crow Nation, Crow Nation - Mythology, Crow Nation - Chiefs

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During this time late Pleistocene animals spread northward from refugia in the three peninsulas, Spain, Italy and the Balkans. Geneticists can identify the general location by studying degrees of consanguinity in the modern animals of Europe. The hunting camps of ancient man remain a major source of faunal fossils. Animals hunted by man are predominantly the big-game mammals: reindeer, horse, saiga, antelope, bison, wooly mammoth and wooly rhinoceros. In the alpine regions ibex and chamois were hunted. Throughout the forest were red d ...

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Bølling Oscillation, Bølling Oscillation - Dates, Bølling Oscillation - Flora, Bølling Oscillation - Fauna, Bølling Oscillation - Human cultures

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William was the son of William VIII of Aquitaine by his third wife Hildegarde of Burgundy. His birth was an event of great celebration, but at first he was considered illegitimate by religious authorities because of his father's earlier divorces and his parents consanguinity. This obliged his father to make a pilgrimage to Rome soon after his birth, where he sought and received papal approval of his marriage and children. In 1094 he married Philippa of Toulouse, the daughter and heiress of William IV of Toulouse. By Philippa, William ...

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William IX of Aquitaine, William IX of Aquitaine - Life and Family, William IX of Aquitaine - Military life, William IX of Aquitaine - Poetry, William IX of Aquitaine - Sources

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Societies have always placed restrictions on marriage to relatives, though the degree of prohibited relationship varies widely. In almost all societies marriage between brothers and sisters is forbidden, with Ancient Egyptian, Hawaiian, and Inca royalty being the rare exception. In many societies marriage between some first cousins is preferred, while at the other extreme, the medieval Catholic church prohibited marriage between distant cousins. The present day Catholic Church still maintains a standard of required distance (in both consanguinity and affinity) for marriage. Marriage gives the couple various rights allot ...

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Marriage, Marriage - Definitions, Marriage - Types of marriages, Marriage - Western world, Marriage - Eastern world, Marriage - Polygamy monogamy and polyandry, Marriage - Traditional cultures, Marriage - Marriage today in Belgium The Netherlands Canada Spain, Marriage - Unique Practices, Marriage - Recognition, Marriage - Rights and obligations, Marriage - Marriage restrictions, Marriage - Termination, Marriage - Weddings, Marriage - Marriage and religion, Marriage - Marriage and economics, Marriage - Criticisms of marriage, Marriage - Pragmatic marriage, Marriage - Romantic Marriage Vs. Pragmatic Marriage

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Ayyavazhi does not have the idea of 'giving offerings' but only 'giving Churul’ This is also one of the significant practice of Ayyavazhi. Gift offered to Ayya Vaikundar was called ‘Churul’, a word that denoted the gift exchanged between consanguine relatives during marriage functions by way of introducing the kith and kin to the affines. Whoever brought a gift to Ayya Vaikundar gave it to him as if giving to his / her Ayya (daddy), a curul. It is said in Akilattirattu that towards the end of his mission. Ayya Vaikundar was invi ...

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Ayyavazhi religious practices, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Vegetarianism, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Muttirikkinaru and Muttirippatham, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Thirunamam, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Wearing of headgear during worship, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Healing diseases, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Anna Dharmam Charity on Food, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Panividai, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Patippu Pattu Pothippu The Prayers, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Offering of Churul, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Worship in front of a mirror, Ayyavazhi religious practices - Congregational Worship

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Many polyamorists have children, either within the relationship or from a previous relationship. Like other elements of polyamory, the way in which children are integrated into the family structure varies widely. Examples: Parents are primarily responsible for their own children (biological, adoptive, or step-), but other members of the relationship act as an extended family, providing assistance in child-rearing. Adults raise children collectively, all taking equal responsibility for each child regardless of consanguin ...

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Polyamory, Polyamory - Terminology, Polyamory - Forms of polyamory, Polyamory - 'Open relationship', Polyamory - Legal status of polyamorous relationships, Polyamory - Values within polyamory, Polyamory - Fidelity versus loyalty, Polyamory - Trust honesty dignity and respect, Polyamory - Communication and negotiation, Polyamory - Non-possessiveness, Polyamory - Polyamory and parenting, Polyamory - Custody ramifications, Polyamory - Related groups and concepts, Polyamory - Philosophical aspects, Polyamory - Criticisms of polyamory, Polyamory - Religious objections, Polyamory - Division of love, Polyamory - Perceived failure rates, Polyamory - Inability/unwillingness to commit, Polyamory - Counter-criticisms, Polyamory - Famous polyamorous people

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Great stress is laid on reverence for parents. Central to society is the nuclear family. Its head is the father; yet the mother as his equal is with him entitled to honor and respect at the hands of sons and daughters. Monogamy is the ideal (Gen. ii. 24). Marriage within certain degrees of consanguinity or in relations arising from previous conjugal unions is forbidden; chastity is regarded as of highest moment (Ex. xx. 14; Lev. xviii. 18-20); and abominations to which the Canaanites were addicted are especially loathed. Virtue is believed to flow from the recognition of God, theref ...

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Jewish ethics, Jewish ethics - Medieval and early modern ethical literature, Jewish ethics - Jewish family ethics, Jewish ethics - Altruistic virtues, Jewish ethics - Prophetic ethics, Jewish ethics - Ethics in rabbinic literature, Jewish ethics - Justice, Jewish ethics - Truth and Peace, Jewish ethics - Charity, Jewish ethics - Peace and hatred, Jewish ethics - Sanctification of God's name, Jewish ethics - Animals and the environment, Jewish ethics - Bioethics

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The motive for the impediment of affinity is akin to, though not as strong as, that of consanguinity; there arises from the partners' carnal intercourse a nearness and natural intimacy with the blood-relatives of the other side. The degrees of affinity are determined by the same rule as the degree of blood-relationship. Before the Fourth Council of Lateran two other kinds of affinity were recognized as an impediment to marriage. If a man then married a widow, those who were akin to her by the previous marriage were also akin to the pr ...

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Affinity canon law, Affinity canon law - Impediment of marriage, Affinity canon law - Earlier law, Affinity canon law - Mosaic law, Affinity canon law - Roman law, Affinity canon law - Early Christian law, Affinity canon law - Reasoning, Affinity canon law - Example, Affinity canon law - Affinity no longer begets affinity

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Many polyamorists have children, either within the relationship or from a previous relationship. Like other elements of polyamory, the way in which children are integrated into the family structure varies widely. Examples: Parents are primarily responsible for their own children (biological, adoptive, or step-), but other members of the relationship act as an extended family, providing assistance in child-rearing. Adults raise children collectively, all taking equal responsibility for each child regardless of consanguin ...

See also:

Polyamory, Polyamory - Terminology, Polyamory - Symbols of polyamory, Polyamory - Forms of polyamory, Polyamory - 'Open relationship', Polyamory - Legal status of polyamorous relationships, Polyamory - Values within polyamory, Polyamory - Fidelity and loyalty, Polyamory - Trust honesty dignity and respect, Polyamory - Communication and negotiation, Polyamory - Non-possessiveness, Polyamory - Polyamory and parenting, Polyamory - Custody ramifications, Polyamory - Related groups and concepts, Polyamory - Philosophical aspects, Polyamory - Criticisms of polyamory, Polyamory - Religious objections, Polyamory - Division of love, Polyamory - Perceived failure rates, Polyamory - Inability/unwillingness to commit, Polyamory - Counter-criticisms, Polyamory - Famous polyamorous people

Read more here: » Polyamory: Encyclopedia II - Polyamory - Polyamory and parenting

Societies have always placed restrictions on marriage to relatives, though the degree of prohibited relationship varies widely. In almost all societies, marriage between brothers and sisters is forbidden, with Ancient Egyptian, Hawaiian, and Inca royalty being the rare exception. In many societies, marriage between some first cousins is preferred, while at the other extreme, the medieval Catholic church prohibited marriage even between distant cousins. The present day Catholic Church still maintains a standard of required distance (in both consanguinity and affinity) for marriage. In many societies, various ...

See also:

Marriage, Marriage - Definitions, Marriage - Recognition, Marriage - Types of marriages, Marriage - Western world, Marriage - Eastern world, Marriage - Polygamy monogamy and polyandry, Marriage - Forced marriages, Marriage - Unique practices, Marriage - Marriage restrictions, Marriage - Weddings, Marriage - Termination, Marriage - Rights and obligations relating to marriage, Marriage - Marriage and religion, Marriage - Marriage and economics, Marriage - Romantic marriage and pragmatic marriage, Marriage - Pragmatic marriage, Marriage - Pragmatic marriage contrasted to romantic marriage, Marriage - Same-sex marriage, Marriage - Introduction, Marriage - Jurisdictions accepting same-sex marriage, Marriage - Controversy, Marriage - Criticisms of the institution of marriage

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A cousin chart is the common name for a Table of Consanguinity. It identifies the correct name for the relationship between two people with a common ancestor. This chart uses formal English relationship terms. For a general overview of kinship terminology, see the appropriate section in the article Family. The term cousin typically refers to the child of one's parent's sibli ...

Including:

Cousin chart - Mathematical definitions Cousin chart - Half cousins and double cousins

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