Consanguinity is the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person. The degree of relative consanguinity can be illustrated with a consanguinity table, in which each level of lineal consanguinity (i.e., generation) appears as a row, and individuals with a collaterally-consanguinious relationship share the same row. The connotations of degree of consanguinity varies by context (e.g., canon law, Roman law, et al.). Most cultures define a degree of consaguinity below which sexual interrelationships are regarded as incestuous. In the Catholic Church, unwittingly marrying a closely-consan ...

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Including:

Cousin chart - Mathematical definitions Cousin chart - Half cousins and double cousins

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In Christian cultures, the Biblical proscriptions contained in Leviticus 18 v6-18, are used as the basis for restricting marriage between persons who are deemed to be too closely related to each other. More generally, the restrictions fall into two classes: where the parties are related by blood (consanguinity); or where parties are related by marriage (affinity). The limitations based on consanguinity derive from a policy of practical eugenics and reflect the increased possibility that such marriages will ...

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Marriage conflict, Marriage conflict - Public policy, Marriage conflict - The choice of law options, Marriage conflict - Status and capacity, Marriage conflict - The formal and/or essential validity of the marriage, Marriage conflict - The lex fori, Marriage conflict - Discussion, Marriage conflict - Formalities, Marriage conflict - Religious forms of marriage, Marriage conflict - Customary law marriages, Marriage conflict - Common law marriages, Marriage conflict - The age of marriage, Marriage conflict - Consent, Marriage conflict - Consanguinity, Marriage conflict - Polygamy, Marriage conflict - Potentially polygamous, Marriage conflict - Actually polygamous, Marriage conflict - Same-sex marriage

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As a general principle, the formal validity of a marriage is determined under the municipal lex loci celebrationis on the date of the ceremony (the principle of renvoi does not apply unless it will refer to a law that will validate the marriage), and the lex domicilii of either party will be irrelevant. This rule is simple and easy to apply. It should be obvious to parties wishing to marry that they should comply with the local formalities, and legal advice is usually conveniently available. The only drawback to this rule is th ...

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Nullity conflict, Nullity conflict - Relevant policies, Nullity conflict - Formal validity, Nullity conflict - Marriage by correspondence, Nullity conflict - Proxy marriages, Nullity conflict - Common law marriage by habit and repute, Nullity conflict - Essential validity, Nullity conflict - Antenuptual capacity to marry, Nullity conflict - Capacity to marry after a divorce, Nullity conflict - Impotence or willful refusal to consummate, Nullity conflict - Mistake duress sham marriages etc, Nullity conflict - Pregnancy by a third party or one party has a venereal disease, Nullity conflict - Prohibited degrees of consanguinity

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Three public policies are relevant in the general Conflict system: Avoiding so-called “limping marriages”. Wherever possible, there should be international uniformity in defining a person's marital status so that people will not be treated as married under the law of one state, but not married under the law of another. However, there may be situations in which it would be quite unjust and inappropriate for the courts of one state to be bound by another state's laws as to status (see below). Favor matrimonii u ...

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Nullity conflict, Nullity conflict - Relevant policies, Nullity conflict - Formal validity, Nullity conflict - Marriage by correspondence, Nullity conflict - Proxy marriages, Nullity conflict - Common law marriage by habit and repute, Nullity conflict - Essential validity, Nullity conflict - Antenuptual capacity to marry, Nullity conflict - Capacity to marry after a divorce, Nullity conflict - Impotence or willful refusal to consummate, Nullity conflict - Mistake duress sham marriages etc, Nullity conflict - Pregnancy by a third party or one party has a venereal disease, Nullity conflict - Prohibited degrees of consanguinity

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The central political issue for each state is the choice between potential conflict and accommodation, between assimilation and the preservation of minority rights in a diversified society. Many nations formally adopt a policy to achieve a full cultural integration and a uniform identity for all their citizens no matter what their ethnic, religious or social origins. Regardless whether this is a realistic aspiration, it contrasts starkly with a policy to allow "discrete and insular minorities" to form and retain their individual identities w ...

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Marriage conflict, Marriage conflict - Public policy, Marriage conflict - The choice of law options, Marriage conflict - Status and capacity, Marriage conflict - The formal and/or essential validity of the marriage, Marriage conflict - The lex fori, Marriage conflict - Discussion, Marriage conflict - Formalities, Marriage conflict - Religious forms of marriage, Marriage conflict - Customary law marriages, Marriage conflict - Common law marriages, Marriage conflict - The age of marriage, Marriage conflict - Consent, Marriage conflict - Consanguinity, Marriage conflict - Polygamy, Marriage conflict - Potentially polygamous, Marriage conflict - Actually polygamous, Marriage conflict - Same-sex marriage

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A family is a domestic group of people, or a number of domestic groups, typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by comparable legal relationships including domestic partnership, adoption, surname and in some cases ownership (as was the case in the Roman Empire). Although many people (including social scientists) have understood familial relationships in terms of "blood," many anthropologists have argued that the notion of "blood" must be understood metaphorically, and in that in many societies family is understoo ...

Including:

Family - Family cross-culturally Family - Family in the West Family - Economic function of the family Family - Kinship terminology Family - English kinship terminology

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The standard choice of law rules for adjudicating on issues relating to marriage represent a balance between the various public policies of the laws involved: Marriage conflict - Status and capacity. Status and capacity are defined by the personal laws of the parties, namely: the lex domicilii or law of the domicile in common law states, and either the lex patriae or law of nationa ...

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Marriage conflict, Marriage conflict - Public policy, Marriage conflict - The choice of law options, Marriage conflict - Status and capacity, Marriage conflict - The formal and/or essential validity of the marriage, Marriage conflict - The lex fori, Marriage conflict - Discussion, Marriage conflict - Formalities, Marriage conflict - Religious forms of marriage, Marriage conflict - Customary law marriages, Marriage conflict - Common law marriages, Marriage conflict - The age of marriage, Marriage conflict - Consent, Marriage conflict - Consanguinity, Marriage conflict - Polygamy, Marriage conflict - Potentially polygamous, Marriage conflict - Actually polygamous, Marriage conflict - Same-sex marriage

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A hierarchy (in Greek: Ιεραρχία, it is derived from ιερός-hieros, sacred, and άρχω-arkho, rule) is a system of ranking and organizing things or people, where each element of the system (except for the top element) is subordinate to a single other element. The first usage in the Oxford English Dictionary for hierarchy is from 1380, where it was used in reference to the three orders of three angels as depicted by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. Areopagite used the word both in reference to t ...

Including:

Hierarchy - Diverse examples of reasoning with hierarchies Hierarchy - Hierarchies in programming Hierarchy - Containment hierarchy Hierarchy - Social hierarchies Hierarchy - Hierarchical nomenclatures in the arts and sciences Hierarchy - Alternatives

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Extended family is a term with several distinct meanings. First, it is used synonymously with consanguinal family. Second, in societies dominated by the conjugal family, it is used to refer to kindred (an egocentric network of relatives that extends beyond the domestic group) who do not belong to the conjugal family. Often there could be many generations living under the same roof. In extended families, the network of relatives acts as a close-knit community. Extended families can include, aside from parents and their children, cousins, aunts, uncles, grandparents, foster children etc ...

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In Norse mythology, Njord or Njordr (Old Norse Njörðr) is one of the Vanir and the god of the fertile land along the seacoast, as well as seamanship and sailing. He is the husband of Skaði and father of Yngvi-Freyr and Freyja. Their mother was, according to the Heimskringla, Njord's own sister and lover. Apparently the Vanir, unlike the Æsir, had the custom of consanguineous marriage. His sister's name may also be Njord, according to the reconstruction of the name of a Teutonic goddess that Tacitus transliterated int ...

Including:

Njord - How Njord met Skadi Njord - Name

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In law and in cultural anthropology, affinity, as distinguished from consanguinity, is kinship by marriage. It is the relation which each party to a marriage, the husband and wife, bears to the kindred of the other. Affinity is usually described as of three kinds. (1) Direct: that relationship which subsists between the husband and his wife's relations by blood or between the wife and the husband's relations by blood. The marriage having made them one person, the blood relations of each are held as related by affinity in the same degr ...

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Crow kinship is a kinship system used to define family. Identified by Louis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Crow system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese). Crow kinship - Kinship system. The system is somewhat similar to the Iroquois system, but further distinguishes between the mother's side and the father's side. Relatives on the mother's side of the family have ...

Including:

Crow kinship - Kinship system Crow kinship - Usage

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Marriage conflict - Religious forms of marriage. Where a society permits worship by a given religion, and worshippers wish to marry according to the tenets of their religion, the state must decide whether that ceremony will be effective to create a valid marriage (i.e. the place of worship and the members of the relevant clergy are authorised by the state for the conduct of marriage ceremonies) or whether a civil ceremony will be required to create a marriage. For example, the Islamic form of marriage is a contra ...

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Marriage conflict, Marriage conflict - Public policy, Marriage conflict - The choice of law options, Marriage conflict - Status and capacity, Marriage conflict - The formal and/or essential validity of the marriage, Marriage conflict - The lex fori, Marriage conflict - Discussion, Marriage conflict - Formalities, Marriage conflict - Religious forms of marriage, Marriage conflict - Customary law marriages, Marriage conflict - Common law marriages, Marriage conflict - The age of marriage, Marriage conflict - Consent, Marriage conflict - Consanguinity, Marriage conflict - Polygamy, Marriage conflict - Potentially polygamous, Marriage conflict - Actually polygamous, Marriage conflict - Same-sex marriage

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In Western cultures, the issue of consent is considered of fundamental importance and, if it is not freely given, it can prevent a valid marriage from ever coming into existence: see nullity. In Islamic law, a nikah contract is not valid if the parties do not consent although there are differences in juristic opinion about exactly how the consent can be manifested. This lack of clarity has led some Western cultures to question the general morality of "arranged marriages", often stigmatising the system as being open to abuse and someti ...

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Marriage conflict, Marriage conflict - Public policy, Marriage conflict - The choice of law options, Marriage conflict - Status and capacity, Marriage conflict - The formal and/or essential validity of the marriage, Marriage conflict - The lex fori, Marriage conflict - Discussion, Marriage conflict - Formalities, Marriage conflict - Religious forms of marriage, Marriage conflict - Customary law marriages, Marriage conflict - Common law marriages, Marriage conflict - The age of marriage, Marriage conflict - Consent, Marriage conflict - Consanguinity, Marriage conflict - Polygamy, Marriage conflict - Potentially polygamous, Marriage conflict - Actually polygamous, Marriage conflict - Same-sex marriage

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The family relationship between two individuals a and b, where Ga and Gb respectively are the number of generations between each individual and their nearest common ancestor, can be calculated by the following: x = min (Ga,Gb) y = |Ga-Gb| If x=0 and y=0 then they are the same person. If x=0 and y=1 then they are parent and ...

See also:

Cousin chart, Cousin chart - Mathematical definitions, Cousin chart - Half cousins and double cousins

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Most Western societies employ English kinship terminology. This kinship terminology is common in societies based on conjugal (or nuclear) families, where nuclear families must be relatively mobile. Members of the nuclear family use descriptive kinship terms: Mother: the female parent Father: the male parent Son: the males born of the mother; sired by the father Daughter: the females born of the mother; sired by the father Brother: a male born of the same mother; sired by the same father Sister: a female bo ...

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Family, Family - Family cross-culturally, Family - Family in the West, Family - Economic function of the family, Family - Kinship terminology, Family - English kinship terminology

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It should be noted that the above chart is inadequate to explain the relationships which result when two people are both descended from a single common ancestor, but each from a different partner of that common ancestor. Half-siblings are a familiar concept to most people. But it can also be extrapolated out in the same manner as other cousin relationships. For example, if one of John's parents and one of Mary's parents are half-siblings, then John and Mary are half-cousins. The half sibling of each of ...

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Cousin chart, Cousin chart - Mathematical definitions, Cousin chart - Half cousins and double cousins

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According to sociology and anthropology, the primary function of the family is to reproduce society, either biologically, socially, or both. Thus, one's experience of one's family shifts over time. From the perspective of children, the family is a family of orientation: the family serves to locate children socially, and plays a major role in their enculturation and socialization. From the point of view of the parent(s), the family is a family of procreation the goal of which is to produce and enculturate and socialize children. ...

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Family, Family - Family cross-culturally, Family - Family in the West, Family - Economic function of the family, Family - Kinship terminology, Family - English kinship terminology

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The preceding types of families are found in a wide variety of settings, and their specific functions and meanings depend largely on their relationship to other social institutions. Sociologists are especially interested in the function and status of these forms in stratified, especially capitalist, societies. Non-scholars, especially in the United States and Europe, use the term "nuclear family" to refer to conjugal families. Sociologists distinguish between conjugal families that are relatively independent of the kindreds of the parents and of other families in general, and nuclear families which mainta ...

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Family, Family - Family cross-culturally, Family - Family in the West, Family - Economic function of the family, Family - Kinship terminology, Family - English kinship terminology

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