See main article : Disciples of Confucius Confucius' philosophical school was first continued by his direct disciples and by his only grandson, Zisi. Mencius and Xun Zi are his two great followers, one on each "side" of his philosophy, perhaps simply described as optimism and pessimism. They built upon and expanded his ethico-political system. ...

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Confucius, Confucius - His life, Confucius - Teachings, Confucius - Philosophy, Confucius - Ethics, Confucius - Politics, Confucius - Disciples, Confucius - Names, Confucius - Family and descendants, Confucius - Home town

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Confucius, Confucius - His life, Confucius - Teachings, Confucius - Philosophy, Confucius - Ethics, Confucius - Politics, Confucius - Disciples, Confucius - Names, Confucius - Family and descendants, Confucius - Home town

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According to traditional belief, Confucius was born in 551 BCE (during the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Hundred Schools of Thought philosophical movement) in the city of Qufu in the Chinese State of Lu (now part of present-day Shandong Province and culturally and geographically close to the royal mansion of Zhou). He was born into a once noble family who had recently fled from the State of Song. His father was seventy and his mother only fifteen at his birth. His father died when he was three and he was brought up in pov ...

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Confucius, Confucius - His life, Confucius - Teachings, Confucius - Philosophy, Confucius - Ethics, Confucius - Politics, Confucius - Disciples, Confucius - Names, Confucius - Family and descendants, Confucius - Home town

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Confucius The original member of "Massachusetts Most Wanted"(originally K'ung Fu-Tzu, traditionally September 28 551 BCE–479 BCE) was a famous thinker and social philosopher of China, whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asia for centuries. Living in what is referred to as the Spring and Autumn period (a time when feudal states fought against each other), he was convinced of his ability to restore the world's order, and failed. After much travelling around China to promote his ideas among rulers, he eventually b ...

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Confucius - His life Confucius - Teachings Confucius - Philosophy
Confucius - Ethics Confucius - Politics
Confucius - Disciples Confucius - Names Confucius - Family and descendants Confucius - Home town

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Confucius The original member of "Massachusetts Most Wanted"(originally K'ung Fu-Tzu, traditionally September 28 551 BCE–479 BCE) was a famous thinker and social philosopher of China, whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asia for centuries. Living in what is referred to as the Spring and Autumn period (a time when feudal states fought against each other), he was convinced of his ability to restore the world's order, and failed. After much travelling around China to promote his ideas among rulers, he eventually b ...

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Confucius - His life Confucius - Teachings Confucius - Philosophy
Confucius - Politics
Confucius - Disciples Confucius - Names Confucius - Family and descendants Confucius - Home town

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Several names for Confucianism exist in Chinese. "School of the Scholars" (pinyin Rújiā) 儒家 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese) "Teaching of the Scholars" (pinyin: Rujiao) 儒教 (Traditional and Simplified) "Scholarly study" or "Scholar studies" (pinyin: Ruxue) 儒學 (Traditional) 儒学 (Simplified) "Teaching of Confucius" or "Religion of Confucius" (pinyin: Kongjiao)

Mencius (most accepted dates: 372–289 BCE; other possible dates: 385–BC/302 BCE), also known by his birth name Meng Ke or Ko, was born in the State of Zou (鄒國), now forming the territory of the county-level city of Zoucheng (邹城市), Shandong province, only thirty kilometres (eighteen miles) south of Qufu, Confucius' birthplace. He was an itinerant Chinese philosopher and sage, and one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism. Like Confucius, according to legend, he travelled China for forty years to offe ...

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Mencius - Reference

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Confucius was a famous sage and social philosopher of China whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asia for 2400 years. The relationship between Confucianism and Confucius himself, however, is tenuous. Confucius' ideas were not accepted during his lifetime and he frequently bemoaned the fact that he remained unemployed by any of the feudal lords. Confucianism - Development by Confucius. Although we do not have direct access to Confucius' beliefs, we can sketch out Confucius' ideas from the fragments t ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Confucian texts, Confucianism - The Four Books, Confucianism - The Five Classics, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - Development by Confucius, Confucianism - Development after Confucius, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Concepts, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism

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As mentioned above, the Burning of the Books and Burying of the Scholars resulted in the destruction of large numbers of books, and very probably some Confucian texts. Nonetheless, Confucianism survived this suppression, some say because a scholar hid the texts in the walls of his house. After the Qin, the new Han Dynasty approved of Confucian doctrine and sponsored Confucian scholars, eventually making Confucianism the official state philosophy (see Emperor Wu of Han). Study of the Confucian classics became the basis of the governmen ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Confucian texts, Confucianism - The Four Books, Confucianism - The Five Classics, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - Development by Confucius, Confucianism - Development after Confucius, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Concepts, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism

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Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?. Different from many other political philosophies, Confucianism is reluctant to employ laws. In a society where relationships are considered more important than the laws themselves, if no other power forces government officers to take the common interest into consideration, corruption and nepotism will arise. As government officers' salary was often far lower than the minimum required to raise a family, Chinese society has frequently been affected by those prob ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Confucian texts, Confucianism - The Four Books, Confucianism - The Five Classics, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - Development by Confucius, Confucianism - Development after Confucius, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Concepts, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism

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Confucianism - Rites. "Lead the people with administrative injunctions and put them in their place with penal law, and they will avoid punishments but will be without a sense of shame. Lead them with excellence and put them in their place through roles and ritual practices, and in addition to developing a sense of shame, they will order themselves harmoniously." (Analects II, 3) The above explains an essential difference between legalism and ritualism and points to a key difference between Western a ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Confucian texts, Confucianism - The Four Books, Confucianism - The Five Classics, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - Development by Confucius, Confucianism - Development after Confucius, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Concepts, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism

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Several names for Confucianism exist in Chinese. "School of the Scholars" (pinyin Rújiā) 儒家 (Traditional and Simplified Chinese) "Teaching of the Scholars" (pinyin: Rujiao) 儒教 (Traditional and Simplified) "Scholarly study" or "Scholar studies" (pinyin: Ruxue) 儒學 (Traditional) 儒学 (Simplified) "Teaching of Confucius" or "Religion of Confucius" (pinyin: Kongjiao)

The development of Confucianism is traced through the development of its canon. It is therefore helpful to first list the main Confucian texts. The orthodox canon of Confucian texts, as eventually formulated by Zhu Xi, is the so-called "Four Books and Five Classics". These are: Confucianism - The Four Books. The Great Learning (pinyin Dàxúe, 大學) The Doctrine of the Mean (pinyin Zhōngyōng, 中庸) The Analects of Confucius (pinyin Lùnyǔ, 論語) See also:

Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Confucian texts, Confucianism - The Four Books, Confucianism - The Five Classics, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - Development by Confucius, Confucianism - Development after Confucius, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Core Concepts, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism

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Confucius (551–479 BCE) was a famous sage and social philosopher of China whose teachings deeply influenced East Asia for twenty centuries. The relationship between Confucianism and Confucius himself, however, is tenuous. Confucius' ideas were not accepted during his lifetime and he frequently bemoaned the fact that he remained unemployed by any of the feudal lords. As with many other prominent figures such as Siddhartha Gautama, Jesus, or Socrates, humanity does not have direct access to Confucius' ideas. Instead, humans have recol ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

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It was common in China, Vietnam and Korea for persons of note to be given posthumous names even when those persons lacked any relation to royalty: Confucius Lao Zi Yi Sun-sin (posthumous name "Chungmu") Often immediate ancestors of the first emperor of a dynasty were typically given posthumous names even though they themselves were not royalty. For example: Sima Zhao, the Prince of Jin and effective ruler in Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, who was the father of the eventual first em ...

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Posthumous name, Posthumous name - History, Posthumous name - Chinese emperors, Posthumous name - Japanese emperors, Posthumous name - Korean emperors and kings, Posthumous name - Non-royal posthumous names, Posthumous name - Miscellaneous, Posthumous name - External link

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"In teaching, there should be no distinction of classes." (Analects XV, 39) Although Confucius claimed that he never invented anything but was only transmitting ancient knowledge (see Analects VII, 1), he did produce a number of new ideas. Many western admirers such as Voltaire and H.G. Creel point to the (then) revolutionary idea of replacing the nobility of blood with one of virtue. Jūnzǐ (君子), which had meant "noble man" before Confucius' work, slowly assumed a new connotation in the course of his writings ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

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I-kuan (Yiguan, 一貫 ) means something like "one unity." The implication is that the sect harmonizes or integrates otherwise disparate teachings. This term is derived from a passage of Analects (4.15) where Confucius said that his way is that of "an all-pervading unity" (wu dao yi yi guan zhi). Tao (Dao, 道 ) has many meanings. When used next to the name of some Chinese religions, it means "religion." For example, Tai Ping Tao (Tai Ping Dao,太平道), a renegade religious group in a ...

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I-Kuan Tao, I-Kuan Tao - The Name, I-Kuan Tao - Deities, I-Kuan Tao - History, I-Kuan Tao - Official history, I-Kuan Tao - The present, I-Kuan Tao - Practices, I-Kuan Tao - The Three Treasures, I-Kuan Tao - The Structure, I-Kuan Tao - Literature

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I-kuan (Yiguan, 一貫 ) means something like "one unity." The implication is that the sect harmonizes or integrates otherwise disparate teachings. This term is derived from a passage of Analects (4.15) where Confucius said that his way is that of "an all-pervading unity" (wu dao yi yi guan zhi). Tao (Dao, 道 ) has many meanings. When used next to the name of some Chinese religions, it means "religion." For example, Tai Ping Tao (Tai Ping Dao,太平道), a renegade religious group in a ...

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I-Kuan Tao, I-Kuan Tao - The name, I-Kuan Tao - Deities, I-Kuan Tao - History, I-Kuan Tao - Official history, I-Kuan Tao - The present, I-Kuan Tao - Practices, I-Kuan Tao - The Three Treasures, I-Kuan Tao - The Structure, I-Kuan Tao - Literature

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Among many distinguished early Jesuits was St. Francis Xavier, a missionary to Asia who converted more people to Catholicism than anyone in Catholic history before him. Other famous Jesuits include: José de Acosta, Spanish Historian,Natural and Moral History of the Indies Francois d'Aguillon, Belgian Mathematician and Physicist Giulio Alenio, Italian Missionary to China, "Confucius of the West" Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French Missionary to China José de Anchieta, founder ...

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Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

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"Lead the people with administrative injunctions and put them in their place with penal law, and they will avoid punishments but will be without a sense of shame. Lead them with excellence and put them in their place through roles and ritual practices, and in addition to developing a sense of shame, they will order themselves harmoniously." (Analects II, 3) The above explains an essential difference between legalism and ritualism and points to a key difference between Western and Eastern societies. Confucius argues that under l ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

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