Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?. Different from many other political philosophies, Confucianism is reluctant to employ laws. In a society where relationships are considered more important than the laws themselves, if no other power forces government officers to take the common interest into consideration, corruption and nepotism will arise. As government officers' salary was often far lower than the minimum required to raise a family, Chinese society has frequently been affected by those prob ...

See also:

Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia II - Confucianism - Debates

See also:

Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia II - Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought

Confucius (551–479 BCE) was a famous sage and social philosopher of China whose teachings deeply influenced East Asia for twenty centuries. The relationship between Confucianism and Confucius himself, however, is tenuous. Confucius' ideas were not accepted during his lifetime and he frequently bemoaned the fact that he remained unemployed by any of the feudal lords. As with many other prominent figures such as Siddhartha Gautama, Jesus, or Socrates, humanity does not have direct access to Confucius' ideas. Instead, humans have recol ...

See also:

Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia II - Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism

Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short-lived Qin Dynasty, Confucianism was chosen by Han Wudi for use as a political system to govern the Chinese state. Despite its loss of influence during the Tang Dynasty, Confucianist doctrine remained a mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia until the 20th century, when it was attacked by radical Chinese thinkers as a vanguard of a feudal system and an obstacle to China's modernization, eventually culminating in its repression and vilification during the Cultural ...

Including:

• Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism
• Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism
• Confucianism - Rites
• Confucianism - Governing
• Confucianism - Meritocracy
• Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought
• Confucianism - Ritual
• Confucianism - Relationships
• Confucianism - Humaneness
• Confucianism - The perfect gentleman
• Confucianism - Debates
• Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?
• Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?
• Confucianism - The Script controversy
• Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?
• Confucianism - Names for Confucianism
• Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought
• Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism
• Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia - Confucianism

A set of values that are thought to apply universally. The discussion of universal values often start off with the discussion of Intrinsic Value versus Extrinsic Value. Roughly stated, something has an intrinsic value when it is valuable "in itself" or "for its own sake"; something has an extrinsic value if it is valuable because of something else. Universal values - Historical discussions of universal values. The first philosophical discussions of universal values seemed to occur around the s ...

Including:

• Universal values - Historical discussions of universal values
• Universal values - Contemporary issues related to universal values

Read more here: » Universal values: Encyclopedia - Universal values

The Bulssi Japbyeon is a late 14th century Korean Neo-Confucian polemical critique of Buddhism by Jeong Dojeon. In this work he carried out his most comprehensive refutation of Buddhism, singling out Buddhist doctrines and practices for detailed criticism. According to Jeong, stated that this book was written with the objective of refuting Buddhism once and for all "lest it destroy morality and eventually humanity itself." The charges leveled against Buddhism in the Bulssi japbyeon constitute a full inventory of the vari ...

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Over the past few decades, the world has witnessed the dramatic growth of the Christian faith in South Korea. Almost a third of the population professed to be Christian in the year 2000, and Seoul, the capital, contained eleven of the world's twelve largest Christian congregations. The impact of Christianity on the Korean culture has been considerable, and is partly responsible for a steady decline in the membership and influence of Buddhism, Shamanism and Confucianism, which have traditionally had deep roots in Korean culture. South ...

Including:

• Christianity in Korea - Early failures: 1593-1784
• Christianity in Korea - Underpinnings of Christian growth
• Christianity in Korea - Academic sympathy—the Shilhak school
• Christianity in Korea - Lay leadership
• Christianity in Korea - Parallels in Korean tradition
• Christianity in Korea - Use of the Korean alphabet
• Christianity in Korea - Protestantism and the founding of modern educational institutions
• Christianity in Korea - Idenfication with Korean nationalism
• Christianity in Korea - The impact of Christianity on Korean society
• Christianity in Korea - Education and literacy
• Christianity in Korea - Economic effects
• Christianity in Korea - Social relationships
• Christianity in Korea - Minjung theology and the human rights struggle
• Christianity in Korea - Summary
• Christianity in Korea - Looking ahead
• Christianity in Korea - Sources
• Christianity in Korea - Numbered references
• Christianity in Korea - Bibliography

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Neo-Confucianism (理學 Pinyin: Lǐxué) is a term for a form of Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song dynasty, but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang dynasty. The term should not be mistaken for New Confucianism which is an effort to apply Confucianism to the 21st century. Neo-Confucianism was a response by the Confucians to the dominance of the Taoists and Buddhists. Neo-Confucians such as Zhu Xi recognized that the Confucian system of the time did not include a thoroughgoing metaphy ...

Including:

• Neo-Confucianism - Neo-Confucianism Outside China
• Neo-Confucianism - List of Neo-Confucians
• Neo-Confucianism - China
• Neo-Confucianism - Korea
• Neo-Confucianism - Japan

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Zhu Xi or Chu Hsi (1130–1200) was a Song Dynasty (960-1279) Confucian scholar who became one of the most significant Neo-Confucians in China. He taught at the famous White Deer Grotto Academy for some time. Zhu Xi was also influential in Japan, where his followers were called the Shushigaku (朱子学) school. During the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's teachings were considered to be unorthodox. Zhu Xi and his fellow scholars codified what is now considered the Confucian canon of classics: the Four Books, consisting of the A ...

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Mencius (most accepted dates: 372–289 BCE; other possible dates: 385–BC/302 BCE), also known by his birth name Meng Ke or Ko, was born in the State of Zou (鄒國), now forming the territory of the county-level city of Zoucheng (邹城市), Shandong province, only thirty kilometres (eighteen miles) south of Qufu, Confucius' birthplace. He was an itinerant Chinese philosopher and sage, and one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism. Like Confucius, according to legend, he travelled China for forty years to offe ...

Including:

• Mencius - Reference

Read more here: » Mencius: Encyclopedia - Mencius

The Four Books of Confucianism (not to be confused with the Four Classical Novels of Chinese literature) are Chinese classic texts that Zhu Xi selected, in the Song dynasty, as an introduction to Confucianism: the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Analects of Confucius, and the Mencius. Four Books - The Great Learning. Main article: Great Learning The Great Learning (Chinese: 大學) was originally one chapter in Li Ji ( ...

Including:

• Four Books - The Great Learning
• Four Books - The Doctrine of the Mean
• Four Books - The Analects of Confucius
• Four Books - The Mencius

Read more here: » Four Books: Encyclopedia - Four Books

War cycles refers to the theory that wars happen in cycles. The original meaning of a cycle ( from Greek κυκλος meaning circle ) is used here not in the physical sense, but in a temporal sense as the recurrence of social events which happen with far less regularity than natural events (as e.g., the cycles of seasons.) War cycles - The cycles of war. The forerunner of the study of war cycles was Edward R Dewey with Quincy Wright's monumental A Study of War adding impetus to the discipline ...

Including:

• War cycles - The cycles of war
• War cycles - Inflection points of war cycles
• War cycles - Comparative studies
• War cycles - Ethical canons

Read more here: » War cycles: Encyclopedia - War cycles

In Chinese, "Xun Zi" refers to both the philosopher and the book he is attributed to. In this article, the book is spelled "the Xunzi" Xún Zǐ (荀子, or Hsün Tzu c.310-237 BCE) was a Chinese philosopher who lived during the Warring States Period. His social and political theories are developed from and influenced by Confucianism. Active during the Hundred Schools of Thought, he wrote a book known as the Xunzi, in which he developed a systematic doctrine mostly oriented on "realism" and "materialism", as opposed to M ...

Including:

• Xun Zi - Reference

Read more here: » Xun Zi: Encyclopedia - Xun Zi

Confucius The original member of "Massachusetts Most Wanted"(originally K'ung Fu-Tzu, traditionally September 28 551 BCE–479 BCE) was a famous thinker and social philosopher of China, whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asia for centuries. Living in what is referred to as the Spring and Autumn period (a time when feudal states fought against each other), he was convinced of his ability to restore the world's order, and failed. After much travelling around China to promote his ideas among rulers, he eventually b ...

Including:

• Confucius - His life
• Confucius - Teachings
• Confucius - Philosophy
• Confucius - Ethics
• Confucius - Politics
• Confucius - Disciples
• Confucius - Names
• Confucius - Family and descendants
• Confucius - Home town

Read more here: » Confucius: Encyclopedia - Confucius

Chinese philosophy has a history of several thousand years. Its origins are often traced back to the Yi Jing (the Book of Changes), an ancient compendium of divination, which introduced some of the most fundamental terms of Chinese philosophy. Its age can only be estimated, but it certainly draws from an oracular tradition that goes back to neolithic times. Chinese philosophy - Brief history. Early Shang thought was based upon a cyclic notion of time, corresponding to the seasons. This notion, which ...

Including:

• Chinese philosophy - Brief history
• Chinese philosophy - Great philosophical figures
• Chinese philosophy - Concepts within Chinese philosophy

Read more here: » Chinese philosophy: Encyclopedia - Chinese philosophy

Taoism (sometimes written as Daoism) is the English name for (a) the Chinese folk religion; (b) a family of organized Chinese religious movements such as the Zhengyi ("Orthodox One") or Quanzhen ("Complete Reality") sects, which collectively trace back to Zhang Daoling in the late Han dynasty; and/or (c) academic philosophies or belles lettres based on the texts Daodejing (a ...

Including:

• Taoism - History
• Taoism - Warring States Period 403-222 BCE
• Taoism - Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 220
• Taoism - Three Kingdoms Period 220-265
• Taoism - Six Dynasties 316-589
• Taoism - Tang Dynasty 618-907
• Taoism - Song Dynasty 960-1279
• Taoism - Yuan Dynasty 1279-1367
• Taoism - Nationalist Period 1912-1949
• Taoism - People's Republic of China 1949-present
• Taoism - Adherents
• Taoism - Beliefs
• Taoism - Religious Taoism
• Taoism - Philosophical Taoism
• Taoism - Deities
• Taoism - Religious Taoism
• Taoism - Philosophical Taoism
• Taoism - Practices
• Taoism - Religious Taoism
• Taoism - Philosophical Taoism
• Taoism - Scriptures
• Taoism - Religious Taoism
• Taoism - Philosophical Taoism
• Taoism - Symbols
• Taoism - Relations With Other Religions and Philosophies

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(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 5th century BC - Overview. The 5th and 6th centuries BC are a period of philosophical brilliance among advanced civilizations. Ancient Greek philosophy develops during the 5th century BC, setting the foundation for Western ideology. In Athens and elsewhere in the Mediterranean world, the 5th century marks a high point in the development of political institutions, art, architecture,and literature. 5th century ...

Including:

• 5th century BC - Overview
• 5th century BC - Events
• 5th century BC - Significant persons
• 5th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 5th century BC - Decades and years

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The Analects (Traditional: 論語; Simplified: 论语; Hanyu Pinyin: Lùn Yǔ, or Lún Yǔ as some might insist), also known as the Analects of Confucius, is a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker Confucius and his disciples, as well as the discussions they held. The Chinese ...

Including:

• Analects of Confucius - History and versions
• Analects of Confucius - Influence and significance

Read more here: » Analects of Confucius: Encyclopedia - Analects of Confucius

Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with right and wrong in human behaviour. All religions have a moral component, and religious approaches to the problem of ethics historically dominated ethics over secular approaches. From the point of view of theistic religions, to the extent that ethics stems from revealed truth from divine sources, ethics is studied as a branch of theology. Many believe that the Golden Rule, which teaches people to "treat others as you want to be treated", is the common denominator of all moral codes and religions. ...

Including:

• Ethics in religion - Ethics in the Bible
• Ethics in religion - Jewish ethics
• Ethics in religion - Christian ethics
• Ethics in religion - Hindu ethics
• Ethics in religion - Buddhist ethics
• Ethics in religion - Chinese traditional ethics
• Ethics in religion - Islamic ethics
• Ethics in religion - Shinto ethics
• Ethics in religion - Animist ethics

Read more here: » Ethics in religion: Encyclopedia - Ethics in religion

Mozi (c. 470 BCE–c. 390 BCE), whose name is sometimes latinised as Micius, lived in China during the Hundred Schools of Thought of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He founded the school of Mohism and argued strongly against Confucianism and Daoism. The school did not survive the Qin Dynasty, and throughout both traditional and modern Chinese eras was viewed largely in historical terms rather than as a school of ...

Including:

• Mozi - Footnotes

Read more here: » Mozi: Encyclopedia - Mozi