"To govern by virtue, let us compare it to the North Star: it stays in its place, while the myriad stars wait upon it." (Analects II, 1) Another key Confucian concept is that in order to govern others one must first govern oneself. When developed sufficiently, the king's personal virtue spreads beneficent influence throughout the kingdom. This idea is developed further in the Great Learning and is tightly linked with the Taoist concept of wu wei: the less the king does, the more that is done. By being the "calm centre" around which the kingdom turns, the king allows everything to function smoothly and avoids having to tamp ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia II - Confucianism - Governing

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia II - Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism

Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?. Different from many other political philosophies, Confucianism is reluctant to employ laws. In a society where relationships are considered more important than the laws themselves, if no other power forces government officers to take the common interest into consideration, corruption and nepotism will arise. As government officers' salary was often far lower than the minimum required to raise a family, Chinese society has frequently been affected by those prob ...

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Confucianism, Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism, Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism, Confucianism - Rites, Confucianism - Governing, Confucianism - Meritocracy, Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought, Confucianism - Ritual, Confucianism - Relationships, Confucianism - Humaneness, Confucianism - The perfect gentleman, Confucianism - Debates, Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption?, Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism?, Confucianism - The Script controversy, Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?, Confucianism - Names for Confucianism, Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought, Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism, Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia II - Confucianism - Debates

Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short-lived Qin Dynasty, Confucianism was chosen by Han Wudi for use as a political system to govern the Chinese state. Despite its loss of influence during the Tang Dynasty, Confucianist doctrine remained a mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia until the 20th century, when it was attacked by radical Chinese thinkers as a vanguard of a feudal system and an obstacle to China's modernization, eventually culminating in its repression and vilification during the Cultural ...

Including:

Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism Confucianism - Rites Confucianism - Governing Confucianism - Meritocracy Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought
Confucianism - Ritual Confucianism - Relationships Confucianism - Humaneness Confucianism - The perfect gentleman
Confucianism - Debates
Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption? Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism? Confucianism - The Script controversy Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?
Confucianism - Names for Confucianism Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought
Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism
Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia - Confucianism

Debated during the Warring States Period and forbidden during the short-lived Qin Dynasty, Confucianism was chosen by Han Wudi for use as a political system to govern the Chinese state. Despite its loss of influence during the Tang Dynasty, Confucianist doctrine remained a mainstream Chinese orthodoxy for two millennia until the 20th century, when it was attacked by radical Chinese thinkers as a vanguard of a feudal system and an obstacle to China's modernization, eventually culminating in its repression and vilification during the Cultural ...

Including:

Confucianism - Development of early Confucianism Confucianism - The spread of Confucianism Confucianism - Rites Confucianism - Governing Confucianism - Meritocracy Confucianism - Themes in Confucian thought
Confucianism - Relationships Confucianism - Humaneness Confucianism - The perfect gentleman
Confucianism - Debates
Confucianism - Does Confucianism promote corruption? Confucianism - Was there a Confucianism? Confucianism - The Script controversy Confucianism - Is Confucianism a religion?
Confucianism - Names for Confucianism Confucianism - Confucianism and other schools of thought
Confucianism - Confucianism and Catholicism
Confucianism - Quotations

Read more here: » Confucianism: Encyclopedia - Confucianism

Wang Mang (王莽, pinyin: Wáng Măng) (45 BC–October 6, 23), courtesy name Jujun (巨君), was a Han Dynasty official who seized the throne from the Liu family and founded Xin (or Hsin) Dynasty (新朝, meaning "new dynasty"), ruling AD 8–23. The Han dynasty was restored after his overthrow, and historians have traditionally viewed Wang as a "usurper," while some others have portrayed him as a visionary and selfless social reformer. Though a learned Confucian scholar who sought to implement the harmonious society he ...

Including:

Wang Mang - Early life and career Wang Mang - First tenure as the commander of the armed forces Wang Mang - Retirement during Emperor Ai's reign Wang Mang - Regency and buildup of personality cult Wang Mang - As acting emperor Wang Mang - Early reign: mistakes
Wang Mang - Economic policies Wang Mang - Deterioration of the relationship with Xiongnu and other vassals Wang Mang - Paralysis and corruption of the government
Wang Mang - Middle reign: agrarian rebellions Wang Mang - Late reign: hopelessness Wang Mang - Reasons for Wang Mang's failure Wang Mang - Personal information

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Confucianism is the body of thought that has arguably had the most enduring effect on Chinese life. Also known as the School of the Scholars, its written legacy lies in the Confucian Classics, which later became the foundation of the traditional society. Confucius (551–479 BCE), also called Kong Zi or Master Kong, looked to the early days of the Zhou dynasty for an ideal socio-political order. He believed that the only effective system of government necessitated prescribed relationships for each individual: "Let the ruler be a ruler and th ...

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Hundred Schools of Thought, Hundred Schools of Thought - Confucianism and its derivatives, Hundred Schools of Thought - Legalism, Hundred Schools of Thought - Taoism, Hundred Schools of Thought - School of Yin-yang, Hundred Schools of Thought - Mohism, Hundred Schools of Thought - Logicians, Hundred Schools of Thought - Reference

Read more here: » Hundred Schools of Thought: Encyclopedia II - Hundred Schools of Thought - Confucianism and its derivatives

Historians generally treated Emperor Wu with ambivalence. On one hand, he was recognized for neutralizing the Xiongnu threat and expanding the Chinese territory. During his reign, China roughly doubled her size, and most of the territories he annexed became part of China proper permanently. His other, perhaps greater, legacy was the promotion of Confucianism. For the first time in history, Confucianism became the dominant thought in the Chinese government, and it remained ...

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Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of Han - Background birth and years as crown prince, Emperor Wu of Han - Early reign: the young years, Emperor Wu of Han - Maturity in reign and territorial expansion, Emperor Wu of Han - Further territorial expansion old age and paranoia, Emperor Wu of Han - The Crown Prince Ju revolt, Emperor Wu of Han - Late reign and death, Emperor Wu of Han - Legacy, Emperor Wu of Han - Bisexuality?, Emperor Wu of Han - Personal information, Emperor Wu of Han - Era names, Emperor Wu of Han - Notes

Read more here: » Emperor Wu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Wu of Han - Legacy

Defeating rival national leaders, he proclaimed himself emperor in 1368, establishing his capital at Nanjing and adopting Hongwu as his reign title. Under Hongwu, the Mongol bureaucrats who had dominated the government for nearly a century under the Yuan dynasty were replaced by the Chinese. The traditional Confucian examination system that selected state bureaucrats or civil servants on the basis of merit and knowledge of literature and philosophy was revamped. Candidates for posts in the civil service or the officer corps of the 80, ...

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Hongwu Emperor, Hongwu Emperor - Early life, Hongwu Emperor - Emperor of China, Hongwu Emperor - Names

Read more here: » Hongwu Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Hongwu Emperor - Emperor of China

After defeating rival national leaders he proclaimed himself emperor in 1368, establishing his capital at Nanjing and adopting Hongwu as the title of his reign. Under Hongwu, the Mongol bureaucrats who had dominated the government for nearly a century under the Yuan Dynasty were replaced by the Chinese. The traditional Confucian examination system that selected state bureaucrats or civil servants on the basis of merit and knowledge of literature and philosophy was revamped. Candidates for posts in the civil service or the officer corp ...

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Hongwu Emperor, Hongwu Emperor - Early life, Hongwu Emperor - Emperor of China, Hongwu Emperor - Names

Read more here: » Hongwu Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Hongwu Emperor - Emperor of China

The regency of Shōtoku Taishi was followed by a coup against the ruling Soga clan, from which Shōtoku's ancestry was derived. The new emperor Kōtoku, together with the Imperial Prince Naka no Ōe, issued a series of reform measures that culminated in the Taika Reform Edicts in 645. These edicts were written and sponsored by Confucian scholars in the Yamato court and in essence founded the Japanese imperial system and government. The ruler, according to these edicts, was no longer a clan leader, but Emperor (in Japanese, Tennō) that ruled by the Decree ...

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Taika Reform, Taika Reform - Background, Taika Reform - Summary of the Four Articles of the Reforms

Read more here: » Taika Reform: Encyclopedia II - Taika Reform - Background

The Sino-Islamic connection or Islamic-Confucian connection refers the idea of an alliance or diplomatic and military cooperation between Islamic states and the government or military-industrial complex of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The idea seems to be somewhat broadly defined to account for either a type of cooperation or a complete actual military alliance of sorts (bec ...

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Sino-Islamic connection, Sino-Islamic connection - Sino-Islamic alliance, Sino-Islamic connection - Arguments against such alliance, Sino-Islamic connection - Muslim minorities

Read more here: » Sino-Islamic connection: Encyclopedia II - Sino-Islamic connection - Sino-Islamic alliance

In ancient China literati referred to the government officials who formed the ruling class in China for over two thousand years. They were a status group of educated laymen, not ordained priests. They were not a hereditary group as their position depended on their knowledge of writing and literature. After 200 B.C. the system of selection of candidates was influenced by Confucianism and established its ethic among the literati. The Hundred Flowers Campaign in China was largely based on the government's wish for a mobilisation of intellectuals; with very sour consequences later. This is perhaps typical of a state' ...

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Intellectual, Intellectual - Men of letters, Intellectual - Modes of 'intellectual class' in nineteenth-century Europe, Intellectual - Intellectualism, Intellectual - Academics and public intellectuals, Intellectual - Outside the West

Read more here: » Intellectual: Encyclopedia II - Outside the West

In the traditional (partly Confucian) Chinese understanding of governance, a prince has only to sit at the right place, facing south, with a prince's traditional attributes, and his country will be well governed. In Lun Yu II.1., Confucius compares a virtuous prince to the North Pole: he does not move and everything turns around him. There are magical justifications behind this idea of a power obtained by 'inaction'. It is the Chinese "correspondence", or "synchronicity" theory, where the macrocosm is reflected (or even duplicated) in microc ...

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Wu wei, Wu wei - Origins, Wu wei - Philosophy, Wu wei - Practice, Wu wei - The ultimate: harmony with the Tao

Read more here: » Wu wei: Encyclopedia II - Wu wei - Origins

In ancient China literati referred to the government officials who formed the ruling class in China for over two thousand years. They were a status group of educated laymen, not ordained priests. They were not a hereditary group as their position depended on their knowledge of writing and literature. After 200 B.C. the system of selection of candidates was influenced by Confucianism and established its ethic among the literati. The Hundred Flowers Campaign in China was largely based on the government's wish for a mobilisation of intellectuals; with very sour consequences later. This is perhaps typical of a state' ...

See also:

Intellectual, Intellectual - Men of letters, Intellectual - Modes of 'intellectual class' in nineteenth-century Europe, Intellectual - Intellectualism, Intellectual - Academics and public intellectuals, Intellectual - Outside the West

Read more here: » Intellectual: Encyclopedia II - Intellectual - Outside the West

Formal education has a longer history in Gyeongju than anywhere else in South Korea. The Gukhak, or national academy, was established here in the 7th century, at the beginning of the Unified Silla period. Its curriculum focused on the Confucian classics. After the fall of Silla in the 10th century, the Gukhak closed. However, thanks to Gyeongju's role as a provincial center under the Goryeo and early Joseon dynasties, the city was home to state-sponsored provincial schools (hyanggyo) under both dynasties. During the later Joseo ...

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Gyeongju, Gyeongju - Geography and climate, Gyeongju - History, Gyeongju - Government, Gyeongju - Subdivisions, Gyeongju - People and culture, Gyeongju - Demographics, Gyeongju - Tourism, Gyeongju - Economy, Gyeongju - Education, Gyeongju - Transportation, Gyeongju - Notes

Read more here: » Gyeongju: Encyclopedia II - Gyeongju - Education

Civil service of Japan - Pre-modern Japan. The Japanese had been exposed to bureaucratic institutions at least by the early seventh century A.D. (Nara period), when the imperial court adopted the laws and government structure of Tang China. However, the distinctive Chinese (confucian) institution of civil service examinations never took root, and the imported system was never successfully imposed on the country at large. But by the middle of the Tokugawa period (1600- 1867), the samurai class functions had evolve ...

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Civil service of Japan, Civil service of Japan - Elite bureaucrats, Civil service of Japan - History, Civil service of Japan - Pre-modern Japan, Civil service of Japan - Occupied Japan, Civil service of Japan - 1970s and 80s, Civil service of Japan - 1990s, Civil service of Japan - Reference

Read more here: » Civil service of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Civil service of Japan - History

The culture of Mungyeong is generally speaking similar to that of other rural areas in Gyeongsang province. It is marked by a relatively strong persistence of Korean Confucian values. The city retains ties to traditional arts. Various Korean folksongs, including the Mungyeong Saejae arirang, are distinctive to the district. However, the most intensely promoted art form in the district is Mungyeong's traditional ceramic craft, which dates to the Joseon period and is still practice ...

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Mungyeong, Mungyeong - Geography and climate, Mungyeong - Geography, Mungyeong - Climate, Mungyeong - History, Mungyeong - Government, Mungyeong - Executive, Mungyeong - Legislative, Mungyeong - Judicial, Mungyeong - Demographics, Mungyeong - Economy, Mungyeong - Communications and media, Mungyeong - Divisions, Mungyeong - People, Mungyeong - Tourism, Mungyeong - Transportation, Mungyeong - Culture, Mungyeong - Religion, Mungyeong - Sports, Mungyeong - Education

Read more here: » Mungyeong: Encyclopedia II - Mungyeong - Culture

During the "Taoism era", China was able to maintain peace with Xiongnu by paying tribute and marrying princesses to them. During this time, the dynasty's goal was to relieve the society of harsh laws, wars, and conditions from both the Qin, external threats from nomads, and early internal conflicts within the Han court. The government reduced taxation and assumed a subservient status to neighboring nomadic tribes. This policy of the government's reduced role over civilian lives (與民休息) started a period of stability, which was called t ...

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Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Importance, Han Dynasty - The Emergence, Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System, Han Dynasty - Emperor Wu and Confucianism, Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road, Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class, Han Dynasty - Interruption of Han rule, Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Sovereigns of Han Dynasty

Read more here: » Han Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Emperor Wu and Confucianism

As emperor, Emperor Yuan immediately started a regimen of reducing governmental spending, with the objective of reducing the burdens of the people in mind. He also started a program for social assistance to provide stipends for the poor and new entrpreneurs. He also, contrary to his father's governing philosophy, heavily relied on Confucian scholars and put them into important governmental positions. In 48 BC, Emperor Yuan created Consort Wang Zhengjun, the mother of his first born son Prince A ...

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Emperor Yuan of Han, Emperor Yuan of Han - Family background, Emperor Yuan of Han - Childhood and career as crown prince, Emperor Yuan of Han - Reign as emperor, Emperor Yuan of Han - Factionalism, Emperor Yuan of Han - Victory over western Xiongnu and complete hegemony over central Asia, Emperor Yuan of Han - Succession issues, Emperor Yuan of Han - Era names, Emperor Yuan of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Emperor Yuan of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Yuan of Han - Reign as emperor