The term conditional is used in linguistics and logic to refer to related concepts about sentences of the form If X, then Y (ie. 'if-then'). Some uses of the term are found at: Causal conditional - If X then Y, where X is a cause of Y. Conditional mood - A verb form in many languages. Counterfactual conditional or subjunctive conditional - If X, then it would have been the case that Y Indicative conditional - If-then statements in ordinary language. Material conditional -

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Including:

• Conditioning - Pavlov's dogs
• Conditioning - Classical conditioning
• Conditioning - Operant conditioning

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Zero conditional specifies results of real or already known conditions in the ongoing present: If water is heated to 100 degrees, it boils. Whenever it rains, I take my umbrella. You can see that the conditional has two distinct verb groups: the condition (if water is heated) and the result (it boils). Both groups use a simple present tense in English in the zero condition, and they express some kind of universality. ...

See also:

Conditional mood, Conditional mood - Zero conditional, Conditional mood - First conditional, Conditional mood - Second conditional, Conditional mood - Third conditional

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An event of state of affairs that is required before something else will occur. "When I die I will go to heaven." My death is a condition precedent to my going to heaven (although it is also possible in this example for me to go to heaven on the occurrence of other conditions precedent: it is not stated that I will only go to heaven if I die). See also condition subsequent. ...

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The conditional entropy is an entropy measure used in information theory. The conditional entropy measures how much entropy a random variable Y has remaining if we have already learned completely the value of a second random variable X. It is referred to as the entropy of Y conditional on X, and is written H(Y | X). Like oth ...

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A counterfactual conditional, or subjunctive conditional, is a conditional statement aimed at capturing the meaning of if-then statements in natural languages. Differently from material conditional statements, a counterfactual conditional may be false even if its antecedent is false. The meaning of if-then statements in a natural language is not always correctly formalized by material conditionals. In particular, material conditionals are always true whenever their antecedent is false, while an if-then statement in a natural la ...

Including:

• Counterfactual conditional - Note

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In numerical analysis, the condition number associated with a numerical problem is a measure of that quantity's amenability to digital computation, that is, how well-posed the problem is. A problem with a low condition number is said to be well-conditioned, while a problem with a high condition number is said to be ill-conditioned. Condition number - The condition number of a matrix. For example, the condition number associated with the linear equation A ...

Including:

• Condition number - The condition number of a matrix
• Condition number - The condition number in other contexts

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Classical conditioning, also called Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning, is a type of learning found in animals, caused by the association (or pairing) of two stimuli or what Ivan Pavlov described as the learning of "conditional" behavior, therefore called conditioning. The simplest form of classical conditioning is reminiscent of what Aristotle would have called the law of contiguity. Essentially, Aristotle said, "When two things commonly occur together, the appearance of one will bring the other to min ...

Including:

• Classical conditioning - Overview
• Classical conditioning - Pavlov's experiment
• Classical conditioning - Behavioral therapies based on classical conditioning
• Classical conditioning - Aversion therapy
• Classical conditioning - Systematic desensitisation
• Classical conditioning - See Also

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Air-conditioning systems serve to maintain indoor air within the two-dimensional comfort zone defined by a temperature and relative humidity region. As such they are part of space-conditioning systems for heating or cooling indoor space, although typically viewed as cooling systems that function when the outdoor conditions are outside the comfort zone. This comfort zone has been defined by teams collaborating e.g. under the ASHRAE (Am. Soc. for Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers) umbrella. Additional factors contributing to comfort are: air veloc ...

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An air conditioner (often abbreviated to AC in the United States and Canada, and air-con in Australia and in Britain) is an appliance or mechanism designed to extract heat from an area using a refrigeration cycle. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC. An earlier form of air conditioning was invented in Persia (Iran) thousands of years ago in the form of wind shafts on the roof, which caught the wind and passed it through water and blew the cooled ai ...

Including:

• Air conditioning - Types of air conditioning
• Air conditioning - Refrigeration cycle
• Air conditioning - Evaporation coolers
• Air conditioning - Absorptive chillers
• Air conditioning - Power
• Air conditioning - Insulation
• Air conditioning - Home air conditioning systems around the world
• Air conditioning - Patents

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The Markov condition for a Bayesian network states that the any node in a Bayesian network is conditionally independent of its nondescendents, given its parents. A node is conditionally independent of the entire network, given its Markov blanket. Other related archivesBayesian network, Markov blanket, conditionally independent

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A Conditional Access Module (CAM) is an electronic device, usually incorporating a slot for a smart card, which gives a DVB television or set-top box with the appropriate hardware the facility to decrypt scrambled programmes. They are normally used with direct broadcast satellite services, although the UK digital terrestrial pay TV supplier Top Up TV also uses CAMs. Some encryption systems for which CAMs are available are Nagravision, Viaccess, Mediaguard and Irdeto. NDS Videoguard encryption, the preferred choice of Sky Digita ...

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A conditional branch is a basic logical structure. It resembles a fork in the road; there are at least two paths that may be taken and one must be chosen. This is a common method in computer programming. If a certain condition exists (e.g., the hard disk drive is in use), then the application will perform one action (in this case, it might wait), whereas if this condition does not exist the application will perform another ...

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This article defines some terms which characterize probability distributions of two or more variables. Conditional probability is the probability of some event A, given that some other event, B, has already occurred. Conditional probability is written P(A|B), and is read "the probability of A, given B". Joint probability is the proba ...

Including:

• Conditional probability - Definition
• Conditional probability - Statistical independence
• Conditional probability - Mutual exclusivity
• Conditional probability - Other considerations

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The human condition encompasses the totality of the experience of being human and living human lives. As mortal entities, there are a series of biologically determined events which are common to most human lives, and some which are inevitable for all. The ongoing way in which humans react to or cope with these events is the human condition. However, understanding the precise nature and scope of what is meant by ...

Including:

• Human condition - Events
• Human condition - Self-awareness
• Human condition - Study
• Human condition - Change
• Human condition - Negative usage of the term

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In mathematics, boundary conditions are imposed on the solutions of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations, to fit the solutions to the actual problem. In the problems most frequently considered, only one of the infinitely many solutions of the differential equation satisfies the boundary conditions. In a physical model simulation, the boundary conditions describe the behavior ...

Including:

• Boundary condition - Bibliography

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First conditional asserts results of possible or expected conditions in the future, or of commonplace conditions in an ongoing present: If it rains later, the roads will be wet. If someone calls me, I'll usually pick up the phone. Here, the condition verb group is still present: we are still expressing universality. However, there is a degree of choice implied in the consequence, and so the modal will is used. In more marked forms, it is possible to substitute will with other first dimension modals (can, may, sha ...

See also:

Conditional mood, Conditional mood - Zero conditional, Conditional mood - First conditional, Conditional mood - Second conditional, Conditional mood - Third conditional

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Roman Catholic dogma holds that it is a grave sin to baptize a person who has already been baptized. In case of uncertainty about whether a person has been baptized, that person may be baptized conditionally. Such uncertainty may result from questions about whether a church from which someone is converting to Catholicism baptizes in a valid manner. For some Protestant denominations, Catholics do not raise such questions. The Catholic Church has said that the validity of baptisms in Mormon churches and those of some other communions is ...

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The second conditional postulates results for as yet unknown or unreal conditions in a present time, or for ones not expected in a future time: If she were at work today, you could find her on the next floor up. If I were king, you would be queen. If you won the lottery tomorrow, what would you do? In each sentence above, both verb groups display a standard English tense behaviour: they have backstepped. The sentence still refers to present or future time, but the simple present of zero and first conditionals ...

See also:

Conditional mood, Conditional mood - Zero conditional, Conditional mood - First conditional, Conditional mood - Second conditional, Conditional mood - Third conditional

Read more here: » Conditional mood: Encyclopedia II - Conditional mood - Second conditional

See also: Classical conditioning Classical conditioning--also called "Pavlovian conditioning" or "respondent conditioning"--involves learning about the association of two or more (usually external) stimuli. Classical conditioning is generally associated with Ivan Pavlov. When two things generally occur together, encountering one can bring the other to mind (cf., Aristotle's law of contiguity). Thus, when Pavlov's dog hears the tone, salivation and other food-related responses occur because the tone and food ...

See also:

Conditioning, Conditioning - Pavlov's dogs, Conditioning - Classical conditioning, Conditioning - Operant conditioning

Read more here: » Conditioning: Encyclopedia II - Conditioning - Classical conditioning