Computus (Latin for computation) is the calculation of the date of Easter in the Christian calendar. The name has been used for this procedure since the early Middle Ages, as it was one of the most important computations of the age. The canonical rule is that Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the 14th day of the lunar month (the nominal full moon) that falls on or after 21 March (nominally the day of the vernal equinox). For determining the feast, Christian churches settled on a method to define a reckoned "ecclesiastic" ...

Including:

• Computus - History
• Computus - Theory
• Computus - Tabular methods
• Computus - Gregorian calendar
• Computus - Julian calendar
• Computus - Algorithms
• Computus - Gauss's algorithm
• Computus - Meeus/Jones/Butcher Gregorian algorithm
• Computus - Meeus Julian algorithm

Read more here: » Computus: Encyclopedia - Computus

Computus - Gregorian calendar. This method for the computation of the date of Easter was introduced with the Gregorian calendar reform in 1582. First determine the epact for the year. The epact can have a value from "*" (=0 or 30) to 29 days. The first day of a lunar month is considered the day of the New Moon. The 14th day is considered the day of the Full Moon. The epacts for the current (anno 2003) Metonic cycle are: (M=March, A=April) This table can be extended for previous and following 19-y ...

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Computus, Computus - History, Computus - Theory, Computus - Tabular methods, Computus - Gregorian calendar, Computus - Julian calendar, Computus - Algorithms, Computus - Gauss's algorithm, Computus - Meeus/Jones/Butcher Gregorian algorithm, Computus - Meeus Julian algorithm

Read more here: » Computus: Encyclopedia II - Computus - Tabular methods

Absolute (from Latin ab away + solvere to loosen, dissolve)

Freed, released, absolved; parallel to the Sanskrit moksha, mukti (set free, released), also to the Buddhist nirvana (blown out), all three terms signifying one who has obtained freedom from the cycle of material existence.

Absolute, in European philosophy, is used somewhat loosely for the unconditional or boundless infinitude. On the other hand, Sir W. Hamilton (Disc 13n) considers the Absolute as "diametrically opposed to, . . . contradictory of, the Infinite," which is correct from the standpoint of both etymology and abstract philosophy. Blavatsky uses the term both ways: sometimes equating it with infinity, at other times with the first cause or one divine substance-principle.

Strictly speaking, absolute is a relative term. It is the philosophic One or cosmic originant, but not the mystic zero or infinitude. An absolute or a cosmic freed one is not That (infinity), for infinity has no attributes: it is neither absolute nor nonabsolute, conscious nor unconscious, because all attributes and qualities belong to manifested and therefore noninfinite beings and things (cf FSO 89-90). The boundless or infinite, in which exist innumerable absolutes, includes the cognizer, the cognized, and the cognition, and is both matter and spirit, subject and object; all egos and non-egos are included within it.

From the zero emanate an infinite number of cosmic Ones or monads. Every absolute is not only the hierarch of its own hierarchy, the One from which all subsequent differentiations emanate, but is also a cosmic jivanmukta, a released monad freed from the pull of the lower planes. Every monad at the threshold of paranirvana reassumes its primeval essence and becomes at one with the absolute of its own hierarchy once more. The absolute is thus the goal of evolution as well as the source, the highest divinity or Silent Watcher of the hierarchy of compassion, which forms the light side of a universe or cosmic hierarchy.

(See also: Absolute , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Video game List of cycles - Music and rhythm cycles. Interval cycle - Physics of music - Rhythm - Song cycle ...

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List of cycles, List of cycles - Measuring physical cycles, List of cycles - General listing of waves, List of cycles - Mathematics of waves and cycles, List of cycles - Time and calendar cycles, List of cycles - Astronomical cycles, List of cycles - Geological cycles, List of cycles - Climate and weather cycles, List of cycles - Biological and medical cycles, List of cycles - Agricultural cycles, List of cycles - Brain waves and cycles, List of cycles - Physics cycles, List of cycles - Electromagnetic spectrum, List of cycles - Sound waves, List of cycles - Psychological cycles, List of cycles - Economic and business cycles, List of cycles - Social and political cycles, List of cycles - Art and recreational cycles, List of cycles - Music and rhythm cycles, List of cycles - Religious mythological and spiritual cycles, List of cycles - Cycles of War

Read more here: » List of cycles: Encyclopedia II - List of cycles - Art and recreational cycles

The solar year is always counted to have 365 days (excluding a small remainder). A lunar year of 12 months is counted to have 354 days, meaning the average lunation is 29½ days (excluding another small remainder). The solar year is 11 days longer than the lunar year. Supposing a solar and lunar year start on the same day, with a crescent new moon indicating the beginning of a new lunar month on 1 January, 11 days of the new lunar year will have already passed by the commencement of the new solar year. After two years the difference will hav ...

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Computus, Computus - History, Computus - Theory, Computus - Tabular methods, Computus - Gregorian calendar, Computus - Julian calendar, Computus - Algorithms, Computus - Gauss's algorithm, Computus - Meeus/Jones/Butcher Gregorian algorithm, Computus - Meeus Julian algorithm

Read more here: » Computus: Encyclopedia II - Computus - Theory

Epacts are used to find the date in the lunar calendar from the date in the common solar calendar. Epact - Solar and lunar years. A (solar) calendar year usually has 365 days (366 days in leap years). A lunar year usually has 12 synodic months, that last about 29+½ days (and a bit) on average. So the lunar year has months that start with the New Moon and alternate between 30 and 29 days in length, and the lunar year is counted to have 12 × 29.5 = 354 days. So the solar yea ...

See also:

Epact, Epact - Lunar calendar, Epact - Solar and lunar years, Epact - 19-year cycle, Epact - Lilian Gregorian epacts

Read more here: » Epact: Encyclopedia II - Epact - Lunar calendar

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catho ...

Including:

• Liturgical year - Western Christianity
• Liturgical year - Advent
• Liturgical year - Christmas
• Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time after Epiphany and Septuagesima
• Liturgical year - Lent
• Liturgical year - Easter
• Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time After Pentecost
• Liturgical year - Anglican and Protestant churches
• Liturgical year - Eastern Orthodox Church
• Liturgical year - The twelve Great Feasts
• Liturgical year - Resources

Read more here: » Liturgical year: Encyclopedia - Liturgical year

The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian Calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church. It is based on the Ancient Egyptian calendar. To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the Ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted in the intercalation of a 6th epagomenal day every fourth year. However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the idea was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus formally reformed t ...

Including:

• Coptic calendar - The Coptic year
• Coptic calendar - The date of Christmas
• Coptic calendar - The date of Easter
• Coptic calendar - Coptic months

Read more here: » Coptic calendar: Encyclopedia - Coptic calendar

Alternate meanings: 154 (number) or 154 (album) 154 - Events. Anicetus becomes pope (approximate date) Anicetus meets with Polycarp of Smyrna to discuss the Computus. Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Euzois to Patriarch Laurence Last (2nd) year of Yongxing era of the Chinese Han Dynasty 154 - Births. 154 - Deaths. Category: 154

• 154 - Events
• 154 - Births
• 154 - Deaths

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By and large, many creeds were acceptable to the members of the council. From his perspective, even Arius could cite such a creed. For Bishop Alexander and others, however, greater clarity was required. Some distinctive elements in the Nicene Creed, perhaps from the hand of Hosius of Cordova, were added. Jesus Christ is described as "God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God." Jesus Christ is said to be "begotten, not made." Finally, he is said to be "from the substance of the Father." No follo ...

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First Council of Nicaea, First Council of Nicaea - Character, First Council of Nicaea - Attendees, First Council of Nicaea - Agenda and procedure, First Council of Nicaea - The Nicene Creed symbol, First Council of Nicaea - Passover Easter Controversy, First Council of Nicaea - Other Problems, First Council of Nicaea - Notes, First Council of Nicaea - Bibliography

Read more here: » First Council of Nicaea: Encyclopedia II - First Council of Nicaea - The Nicene Creed symbol

The Coptic year is the extension of the ancient Egyptian civil year, retaining its subdivision into the three seasons, four months each. The three seasons are commemorated by special prayers in the Coptic Liturgy. This calendar is still in use all over Egypt by farmers to keep track of the various agricultural seasons. The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days, depending whether the year is a leap year or not. The year starts on 29 August in the Julian Calendar or on ...

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Coptic calendar, Coptic calendar - The Coptic year, Coptic calendar - The date of Christmas, Coptic calendar - The date of Easter, Coptic calendar - Coptic months

Read more here: » Coptic calendar: Encyclopedia II - Coptic calendar - The Coptic year

The seasons in Western Christianity are derived primarily from the Roman Catholic Church. Generally, the liturgical seasons in western Christianity are Advent, Christmas, Time after Epiphany, Lent, Easter, and Time after Pentecost. Liturgical year - Advent. First season of the liturgical year. It is traditionally a fast, and begins four Sundays before Christmas and ends on Christmas Eve. Its purpose is the preparation for Christmas, with the focus on expectation. Awaiting the coming of the Christ Child int ...

See also:

Liturgical year, Liturgical year - Western Christianity, Liturgical year - Advent, Liturgical year - Christmas, Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time after Epiphany and Septuagesima, Liturgical year - Lent, Liturgical year - Easter, Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time After Pentecost, Liturgical year - Anglican and Protestant churches, Liturgical year - Eastern Orthodox Church, Liturgical year - The twelve Great Feasts, Liturgical year - Resources

Read more here: » Liturgical year: Encyclopedia II - Liturgical year - Western Christianity

After the June 19 settlement of the most important topic, the question of the date of the Christian Passover, now called Easter, was brought up. This feast is linked to the Jewish Passover, as crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus occurred during that festival. By the year 300, most Churches had adopted the Western style of celebrating the feast on the Sunday after the Passover, placing the emphasis on the resurrection, which occurred on a Sunday. Others however celebrated the feast on the 14th of the Jewish month Nisan, the date of the cruc ...

See also:

First Council of Nicaea, First Council of Nicaea - Character, First Council of Nicaea - Attendees, First Council of Nicaea - Agenda and procedure, First Council of Nicaea - The Nicene Creed symbol, First Council of Nicaea - Passover Easter Controversy, First Council of Nicaea - Other Problems, First Council of Nicaea - Notes, First Council of Nicaea - Bibliography

Read more here: » First Council of Nicaea: Encyclopedia II - First Council of Nicaea - Passover Easter Controversy

Then the bishops began proceedings against the Meletian schism. Its founder was suspended from his office but not degraded or exiled. Finally, the council promulgated twenty new church laws, called canons, (though the exact number is subject to debate, see [2]), that is, unchanging rules of discipline. The twenty as listed in the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers are as follows:[3] 1. prohibition of self-castration; (see Origen) 2. establishment of a minimum term for catechism; 3. prohibition of the ...

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First Council of Nicaea, First Council of Nicaea - Character, First Council of Nicaea - Attendees, First Council of Nicaea - Agenda and procedure, First Council of Nicaea - The Nicene Creed symbol, First Council of Nicaea - Passover Easter Controversy, First Council of Nicaea - Other Problems, First Council of Nicaea - Notes, First Council of Nicaea - Bibliography

Read more here: » First Council of Nicaea: Encyclopedia II - First Council of Nicaea - Other Problems

Some Protestant churches recognize a liturgical year, including Anglicans, Methodists, Presbyterians and Lutherans. In general those Protestant churches that recognize a liturgical year, and follow a conventional lectionary, follow the pre-Vatican II Roman Catholic parlance, recognizing an Epiphany Season (or "Sundays after Epiphany") and a Pentecost Season (or "Sundays after Pentecost"). Some Christian festivals and when they occur according to Roman and Protestant (Western) Christianity are: Epiphany: January 6See also:

Liturgical year, Liturgical year - Western Christianity, Liturgical year - Advent, Liturgical year - Christmas, Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time after Epiphany and Septuagesima, Liturgical year - Lent, Liturgical year - Easter, Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time After Pentecost, Liturgical year - Anglican and Protestant churches, Liturgical year - Eastern Orthodox Church, Liturgical year - The twelve Great Feasts, Liturgical year - Resources

Read more here: » Liturgical year: Encyclopedia II - Liturgical year - Anglican and Protestant churches

The choice of 25 December to celebrate the Nativity of Christ was first proposed by Hippolytus of Rome (170–236), but was apparently not accepted until either 336 or 364. Dionysius of Alexandria emphatically quoted mystical justifications for this very choice: March 25 was considered to be the anniversary of Creation itself. It was the first day of the year in the medieval Julian calendar and the nominal vernal equinox (it had been the actual equinox at the time when the Julian calendar was originally designed). Considering th ...

See also:

Coptic calendar, Coptic calendar - The Coptic year, Coptic calendar - The date of Christmas, Coptic calendar - The date of Easter, Coptic calendar - Coptic months

Read more here: » Coptic calendar: Encyclopedia II - Coptic calendar - The date of Christmas

In a few, predominantly Eastern Orthodox, nations, religious holidays are celebrated on the corresponding day in the Julian Calendar. From 1900 until 2100, there is a thirteen-day difference between the Julian and the Gregorian Calendar, which is used in most of the world as well as in Eastern Orthodox countries for civil purposes. Thus, for example, Christmas is celebrated on January 7 in these countries. The computation of the day of Easter is, however, completely different between the tw ...

See also:

Liturgical year, Liturgical year - Western Christianity, Liturgical year - Advent, Liturgical year - Christmas, Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time after Epiphany and Septuagesima, Liturgical year - Lent, Liturgical year - Easter, Liturgical year - Ordinary Time Time After Pentecost, Liturgical year - Anglican and Protestant churches, Liturgical year - Eastern Orthodox Church, Liturgical year - The twelve Great Feasts, Liturgical year - Resources

Read more here: » Liturgical year: Encyclopedia II - Liturgical year - Eastern Orthodox Church

According to Christian tradition, Jesus died at the ninth hour (that is, the canonical hour of nona or 'noon' in Middle English - 3:00 pm) of the first full day of Pesach, when that day fell on a Friday; and arose from the dead at or by the first (canonical) hour of that Sunday. The day of Pesach (Pascha or Passover, Nisan 15), is always at the first or second full moon following the vernal equinox. At the First Ecumenical Council, held in 325 at Nicaea, it was decided to celebrate Easter on the Sunday following the so-called Paschal full mo ...

See also:

Coptic calendar, Coptic calendar - The Coptic year, Coptic calendar - The date of Christmas, Coptic calendar - The date of Easter, Coptic calendar - Coptic months

Read more here: » Coptic calendar: Encyclopedia II - Coptic calendar - The date of Easter

The agenda of the synod were: The Arian question, The celebration of Passover, Now Called Easter, The Meletian schism, The Father and Son one in purpose or in person The baptism of heretics, and The status of the lapsed in the persecution under Licinius. The council was formally opened May 20, in the central structure of the imperial palace, with preliminary discussions on the Arian question. In these discussions, some dominant figures were Arius, with some adherents, es ...

See also:

First Council of Nicaea, First Council of Nicaea - Character, First Council of Nicaea - Attendees, First Council of Nicaea - Agenda and procedure, First Council of Nicaea - The Nicene Creed symbol, First Council of Nicaea - Passover Easter Controversy, First Council of Nicaea - Other Problems, First Council of Nicaea - Notes, First Council of Nicaea - Bibliography

Read more here: » First Council of Nicaea: Encyclopedia II - First Council of Nicaea - Agenda and procedure

The first Council of Nicaea was the first general gathering of bishops from the whole Church, to resolve differences of faith that had arisen and to define clearly the faith received from the apostles. In this council, Church and State acted together. Earlier councils, such as the Council of Jerusalem, had resolved important questions, to be sure. Now, the Council of Nicaea formulated a definitive statement against a growing heresy, a profession of faith intended to clarify and defend the heritage of true belief. This ...

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First Council of Nicaea, First Council of Nicaea - Character, First Council of Nicaea - Attendees, First Council of Nicaea - Agenda and procedure, First Council of Nicaea - The Nicene Creed symbol, First Council of Nicaea - Passover Easter Controversy, First Council of Nicaea - Other Problems, First Council of Nicaea - Notes, First Council of Nicaea - Bibliography

Read more here: » First Council of Nicaea: Encyclopedia II - First Council of Nicaea - Character