computer science

A typical machine vision system will consist of several among the following components: One or more digital or analog camera (black-and-white or color) with suitable optics for acquiring images Lighting Camera interface for digitizing images (widely known as a "framegrabber") A processor (often a PC or embedded processor, such as a DSP) Computer software to process images and detect relevant features. A syncronizing sensor for part detection (often an optical or magnetic sensor) to tr ...

See also:

Machine vision, Machine vision - Components of a machine vision system, Machine vision - Processing methods, Machine vision - Applications of machine vision, Machine vision - Related fields

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O is the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is o, plural o's or oes. O - History. The letter was derived from the Semitic 'Ajin (eye) which represented a consonant, probably the pharyngeal consonant (IPA ʕ) similar to the Arabic letter ع called 'Ajn', but in Greek (Omicron), Etruscan and Latin it came to be used for the vowel /o/. O ...

Including:

• O - History
• O - Usage
• O - Alternative representations
• O - Distinguishing O from zero
• O - Meanings for O

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Distributed computing is used to increase the performance of operations that can be performed in parallel, by concurrently executing multiple operations. Operations may be distributed across multiple processes on a single CPU, taking advantage of multitasking, multiple processes across multiple CPUs, or across multiple machines. As operations are exectued concurrently, ensuring synchronization between processes is essential to ensure correct results. As the trend of increasing the potential for parallel execution on moderm CPU archite ...

See also:

Performance problem, Performance problem - Code optimization, Performance problem - Caching strategy, Performance problem - Distributed computing / load balancing

Read more here: » Performance problem: Encyclopedia II - Performance problem - Distributed computing / load balancing

Cognitive science - Approaches. There are several approaches of study in the field of cognitive science including symbolic, connectionist, and dynamic systems. Symbolic - That intelligence can be explained by means of systematic, discrete instructions not unlike the way in which a computer works. Connectionist - The means of explanation is by using artificial neural networks. Dynamic Systems - Cognition can be explained by means of a continuous system in which everything is interrelated, not unlike the Watt Governor. < ...

See also:

Cognitive science, Cognitive science - History, Cognitive science - Principles of Cognitive Science, Cognitive science - Approaches, Cognitive science - Levels of analysis, Cognitive science - Interdisciplinary nature, Cognitive science - Cognitive science - The term, Cognitive science - Scope of cognitive science, Cognitive science - Artificial intelligence, Cognitive science - Attention, Cognitive science - Language processing, Cognitive science - Learning and development, Cognitive science - Memory, Cognitive science - Perception and action, Cognitive science - Research methods, Cognitive science - Behavioral experiments, Cognitive science - Brain imaging, Cognitive science - Computational modeling, Cognitive science - Neurobiological methods, Cognitive science - Key findings, Cognitive science - Notable researchers in cognitive science and related fields

Read more here: » Cognitive science: Encyclopedia II - Cognitive science - Principles of Cognitive Science

The primary goal of research in combinatorial computational geometry is to develop efficient algorithms and data structures for solving problems stated in terms of basic geometrical objects: points, line segments, polygons, polyhedra, etc. Some of these problems look so simple that they were not regarded as problems at all until the advent of computers. Consider, for example, the Closest pair problem: Given N p ...

See also:

Computational geometry, Computational geometry - Combinatorial computational geometry, Computational geometry - Problems, Computational geometry - Numerical geometry, Computational geometry - Books

Read more here: » Computational geometry: Encyclopedia II - Computational geometry - Combinatorial computational geometry

In January 2002 programmer Simon Vallor was sentenced to two years in prison for releasing the "mass mailer" viruses Gokar, Admirer and RedesiB. [8] Vallor claimed he thought that the viruses were harmless. [9] In February 2003, two people belonging to a group called "THr34t-Krew" were arrested in relation to the creation and release of the T-K Worm [10]. In May 2005 Andrew Harvey and Jordan Bradley admitted creating and releasing the T-K Worm which went on to infect 19,000 computers.[11]. In October 2005 Harvey received three months in pr ...

See also:

Computer worm, Computer worm - Penalties

Read more here: » Computer worm: Encyclopedia II - Computer worm - Penalties

Colons are typically used to call attention to what immediately follows. A colon can be used to start off a list when not using is or are and often with the following. The major cities of the US include the following: New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles. A colon may be used to emphasize a word or phrase acting as an appositive. John moved to a new state: Missouri. A colon can introduce a phrase which restates a previous statement. ...

See also:

Colon punctuation, Colon punctuation - Uses, Colon punctuation - Common errors, Colon punctuation - Mathematics, Colon punctuation - Linguistics, Colon punctuation - Computer representation, Colon punctuation - The colon in foreign languages, Colon punctuation - Other meanings

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Computational chemistry is a branch of theoretical chemistry whose major goals are to create efficient mathematical approximations and computer programs that calculate the properties of molecules (such as total energy, dipole and quadrupole moment, vibrational frequencies, reactivity and other diverse spectroscopic quantitities and cross sections for collision of molecules with diverse atomic or subatomic projectiles) and to apply these programs to concrete chemical objects. The term is also sometimes used to cover the areas of overla ...

Including:

• Computational chemistry - Introduction
• Computational chemistry - Ab initio methods
• Computational chemistry - Electronic structure
• Computational chemistry - Chemical dynamics
• Computational chemistry - Semiempirical methods
• Computational chemistry - Electronic structure
• Computational chemistry - Molecular mechanics
• Computational chemistry - Software packages

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In computer science, a computation is the evolution over time of a computer. However, the meaning of the word "computer" should be understood here in a large sense, since it does not apply only to digital computers. A typical example of a physical computation is the evolution over time of a digital computer. Other examples of physical computations are derived from quantum computers or molecular computers. In computer science, which is sometimes described as the discipline that studies computations, mathemat ...

Including:

• Computation - History

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The C programming language is a standardized imperative computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie for use on the Unix operating system. It has since spread to many other operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming languages. C is prized for its efficiency, and is the most popular programming language for writing system software, though it is also used for writing applications. It is also commonly used in computer science education, despite not being designed for novices. Including:

• C programming language - Features
• C programming language - Overview
• C programming language - hello world example
• C programming language - Types
• C programming language - Unification of arrays and pointers
• C programming language - Data storages
• C programming language - Syntax
• C programming language - Criticism
• C programming language - Memory allocation
• C programming language - Pointers
• C programming language - Arrays
• C programming language - Variadic functions
• C programming language - Syntax
• C programming language - Maintenance problems
• C programming language - Compiler-external static-checking tools
• C programming language - History
• C programming language - Early developments
• C programming language - K&R C
• C programming language - ANSI C and ISO C
• C programming language - C99
• C programming language - Relation to C++
• C programming language - Intermediate language

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In mathematics, a complete lattice is a partially ordered set in which all subsets have both a supremum (join) and an infimum (meet). Complete lattices appear in many applications in mathematics and computer science. Being a special instance of lattices, they are studied both in order theory and universal algebra. Complete lattices must not be confused with complete partial orders (cpos), which constitute a strictly more general class of partially ordered sets. More specific complete lattices are complete Boolean ...

Including:

• Complete lattice - Formal definition
• Complete lattice - Complete semilattices
• Complete lattice - Examples
• Complete lattice - Morphisms of complete lattices
• Complete lattice - Free construction and completion
• Complete lattice - Free complete semilattices
• Complete lattice - Free complete lattices
• Complete lattice - Completion
• Complete lattice - Representation
• Complete lattice - Further results
• Complete lattice - Literature

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Many natural phenomena may be called complex systems, and complexity science is highly interdisciplinary. Examples of complex systems include ant-hills, ants themselves, human economies, nervous systems, cells and so forth, as well as human beings and their psychology, emotions, bodies and interactions. Beyond the fact that these things are all networks of some kind, and that they are complex, it may appear that they have little in common, and hence that the term "complex system" is vacuous. However, all complex systems ...

Including:

• Complex system - Overview
• Complex system - Formal Definition
• Complex system - Behavior of Complex Systems
• Complex system - Applications of Complex Systems Theory
• Complex system - Informal Descriptions of Complex Systems
• Complex system - Features of natural complex systems
• Complex system - Relationships are non-linear
• Complex system - Relationships contain feedback loops
• Complex system - Complex systems are open
• Complex system - Complex systems have a history
• Complex system - Complex systems may be nested
• Complex system - Boundaries are difficult to determine
• Complex system - Dynamic Network of Multiplicity
• Complex system - Quotes

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Composition could refer to: Composition - Composition in sciences. Function composition is a means of creating a new function from two existing functions. In number theory, a composition is similar to a partition, except that order matters. In computer science, composition is an act or result of combining simpler objects like data types into more complex data types, or function calls into calling functions. In natural science, composition is the proportion and combina ...

Including:

• Composition - Composition in sciences
• Composition - Composition in manufacturing
• Composition - Composition in art
• Composition - Composition as agreement or compromise

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In computer science, data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits (or other information-bearing units) than a more obvious representation would use, through use of specific encoding schemes. For example, this article could be encoded with fewer bits if we accept the convention that the word "compression" be encoded as "comp". One popular instance of compression that many computer users are familiar with is the ZIP file format, which, as well as providing compression, acts as a ...

Including:

• Data compression - Applications
• Data compression - Theory
• Data compression - Data compression topics
• Data compression - Compression algorithms

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In the context of computer science and data management, commit refers to the idea of making permanent a set of tentative changes, such as at the end of a transaction. To commit (changes) is to make tentative changes permanent. A commit is the act of committing. A COMMIT statement in SQL ends a transaction within a relational database management system (RDBMS) and makes all changes visible to other users. The general format is to issue a BEGIN WORK statement, one or more SQL statements, an ...

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Communications of the ACM (CACM) is the flagship monthly magazine of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). First published in 1957, CACM is sent to all ACM members. The articles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science. The focus is on practical material; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. CACM straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review (and is counted as such ...

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In computer science, compile time, as opposed to runtime, is the time when a compiler compiles code written in a programming language into an executable form. A compiler will typically perform syntax checking, which includes type checks, scoping rule enforcement, amongst other checks; and other processes such as static binding, instantiation of templates, and optimization. Those are also called semantic analyses. Dynamic binding is typically done after compile time, either at runtime or before runtime usually by means of a program loader. Boundary chec ...

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A compiler is a computer program that translates a series of statements written in one computer language (called the source code) into a resulting output in another computer language (often called the object or target language). Most compilers translate a source code text file, written in a high level language to object code or machine language, e.g. into an executable .EXE or .COM file that may run on a computer or a virtual machine. However, translation from a low level language to a high level one is also possible; this is n ...

Including:

• Compiler - History
• Compiler - Types of compilers
• Compiler - Native versus cross compiler
• Compiler - One-pass versus multi-pass compilers
• Compiler - Compiled versus interpreted languages
• Compiler - Compiler design
• Compiler - Compiler front end
• Compiler - Compiler back end
• Compiler - Notes

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In computer science, computability theory is the branch of the theory of computation that studies which problems are computationally solvable using different models of computation. Computability theory differs from the related discipline of computational complexity theory, which deals with the question of how efficiently a problem can be solved, rather than whether it is solvable at all. Computability theory computation - Introduction. A central question of computer science is to address the limits o ...

Including:

• Computability theory computation - Introduction
• Computability theory computation - Formal models of computation
• Computability theory computation - Power of computational models
• Computability theory computation - Power of finite state machines
• Computability theory computation - Power of push-down automata
• Computability theory computation - Power of Turing machines
• Computability theory computation - Unreasonable models of computation
• Computability theory computation - Infinite execution
• Computability theory computation - Oracle machines
• Computability theory computation - Limits of hypercomputation
• Computability theory computation - History of computability theory

Read more here: » Computability theory computation: Encyclopedia - Computability theory computation

Fundamental theorem | Function | Limits of functions | Continuity | Mean value theorem | Vector calculus | Tensor calculus Product rule | Quotient rule | Chain rule | Implicit differentiation | Taylor's theorem | Related rates Integration by substitution | Integration by parts | Integration by trigonometric substitution | Integration by disks | Integration by cylindrical shells | Improper integrals | Lists of integrals Integral and differential calculus is a central branch of mathematics, developed from algebra an ...

Including:

• Calculus - Differential calculus
• Calculus - Integral calculus
• Calculus - Foundations
• Calculus - Fundamental theorem of calculus
• Calculus - Applications
• Calculus - History
• Calculus - Footnotes

Read more here: » Calculus: Encyclopedia - Calculus