compulsion

These are the twelve steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol; that our lives had become unmanageable. Came to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him. Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves. Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs. Were entirely ready to ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - The Twelve Steps

The first such program was Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which was begun in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith, known to A.A. members as "Bill W." and "Dr. Bob." They established the tradition within the "Anonymous" twelve-step programs of using only first names. The Twelve Steps were originally written by Wilson and other early members of AA to codify the process that they felt had worked for them personally. The Twelve Steps were essentially a rewriting of the 6 steps of the Oxford Group with whom Wilson had contact. This "codex" is the book Alcoholics Anon ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - History

All twelve-step programs follow some version of the Twelve Steps. Members meet regularly to discuss their problem(s) and share their victories. One of the most widely-recognized characteristics of twelve-step groups is the requirement that members admit that they "have a problem". In this spirit, many members open their address to the group along the lines of, "Hi, I'm Pam and I'm an alcoholic" — a ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - Characteristics

A primary belief of members is that their success is based on giving up on self-reliance and willpower, and instead relying on God, or a "Higher Power". Critics of these programs, however, often hold that this reliance is ineffective, and offensive or inapplicable to atheists and others who do not believe in a salvific deity. Proponents of twelve-step programs argue that many atheists have been helped by the progr ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - Relation to religion

Perversion is a term and concept describing those types of human behavior that are perceived to be a deviation from what is considered orthodox or normal. It was originally defined as a "deviation from the original meaning or doctrine", literally a "turning aside" from the norm. The term pervert is a person in a state of perversion, though this term, referring to a person instead of a behavior, is generally used in a derogatory sense. Perversion, or perverse behavior, differs from deviant behavior, which describes a recognized violation of social rules or norms (thou ...

Including:

• Perversion - Catholicism

Read more here: » Perversion: Encyclopedia - Perversion

The term child sexual abuse (CSA) denotes sex between prepubescent minors and adults. A perpetrator of child sexual abuse is known as a child sex offender. Most child sex offenders are male; the number of female offenders is usually reported to be between 10% and 20%, although in some studies it was found to be as high as 70%. It has a special status among forms of abuse, because it includes not only a) what is considered sexual abuse between adults, but also b) all forms ...

Including:

• Child sexual abuse - List of activities considered CSA
• Child sexual abuse - Effects of sexual abuse on children
• Child sexual abuse - Offenders
• Child sexual abuse - Typology
• Child sexual abuse - Categorization
• Child sexual abuse - Variation in cultural practices norms and research findings
• Child sexual abuse - Epidemiology
• Child sexual abuse - Sexual abuse consent minors age gap and culture
• Child sexual abuse - Definition based on moral objection; relativity

Read more here: » Child sexual abuse: Encyclopedia - Child sexual abuse

Duty is a term loosely applied to any action (or course of action) which is regarded as morally incumbent, apart from personal likes and dislikes or any external compulsion. Such action must be viewed in relation to a principle, which may be abstract in the highest sense (e.g. obedience to the dictates of conscience) or based on local and personal relations. That a father and his children have mutual duties implies that there are moral laws regulating their relationship; that it is the duty of a servant to obey his master within certa ...

Including:

• Duty - Reference

Read more here: » Duty: Encyclopedia - Duty

A twelve-step program (or programme) is a fellowship which aims at the recovery of its members from the consequences of an addiction, a compulsion, or another harmful influence on their lives, with the help of the faith-based Twelve Steps. Also the specific program of recovery that is applied within such a fellowship, is called a twelve-step program. The fellowship, a bond of loosely organized, autonomous groups, functions on the basis of principles, formulated in the Twelve Traditions. Synonyms are anonymous p ...

Including:

• Twelve-step program - Characteristics
• Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps
• Twelve-step program - History
• Twelve-step program - Relation to religion
• Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups
• Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia - Twelve-step program

Addiction is a compulsion to repeat a behavior regardless of its consequences. A person who is addicted is sometimes called an addict. Many drugs (sometimes called hard drugs) or behaviors are seen to precipitate an addiction, or a chronic pattern of behaviour, which includes a craving for more of the drug, or of the initial behavior, increased physiological tolerance to exposure, and withdrawal symptoms in the absence of the stimulus. Most drugs and behaviors that directly provide either pleasure or relief from p ...

Including:

• Addiction - Terminology and usage
• Addiction - Varied forms of addiction
• Addiction - Physical dependency
• Addiction - Psychological addiction
• Addiction - Addiction and drug control legislation
• Addiction - Methods of care
• Addiction - Diverse explanations
• Addiction - Physiological basis
• Addiction - Criticism
• Addiction - Casual addiction

Read more here: » Addiction: Encyclopedia - Addiction

The medical now makes a careful theoretical distinction between physical dependence (characterized by symptoms of withdrawal) and psychological addiction (or simply addiction). Addiction is now narrowly defined as "uncontrolled, compulsive use despite harm"; if there is no harm being suffered by, or damage done to, the patient or another party, then clinically it may be considered compulsive, but within this narrow definition it is not categorized as "addiction". In practice, however, the two kinds of addiction are not always easy to distinguish. Addictions oft ...

See also:

Addiction, Addiction - Terminology and usage, Addiction - Varied forms of addiction, Addiction - Physical dependency, Addiction - Psychological addiction, Addiction - Addiction and drug control legislation, Addiction - Methods of care, Addiction - Diverse explanations, Addiction - Physiological basis, Addiction - Criticism, Addiction - Casual addiction

Read more here: » Addiction: Encyclopedia II - Addiction - Terminology and usage

Most offenders are situational offenders (pseudopedophiles) rather than pedophiles. They are rarely strangers, but relatives or acquaintances like trainers or playmates. Most offenders are male, the number of female perpetrators is usually reported to be between 10% and 20%, however in some studies it was found to be as high as 70%. Child sexual abuse - Typology. There are three categorizations of child sex offenders studied in the field of criminal psychology. The first ...

See also:

Child sexual abuse, Child sexual abuse - List of activities considered CSA, Child sexual abuse - Effects of sexual abuse on children, Child sexual abuse - Offenders, Child sexual abuse - Typology, Child sexual abuse - Categorization, Child sexual abuse - Variation in cultural practices norms and research findings, Child sexual abuse - Epidemiology, Child sexual abuse - Sexual abuse consent minors age gap and culture, Child sexual abuse - Definition based on moral objection; relativity

Read more here: » Child sexual abuse: Encyclopedia II - Child sexual abuse - Offenders

Originally, the character's name was Harvey Kent, but his name was changed to avoid unnecessary association with Clark Kent. He was nicknamed "Apollo" Kent by the media for his good looks. Dent, Commissioner James Gordon, and Batman once forged an alliance to rid Gotham City of crime. This alliance ended tragically when a crime boss whom Dent was prosecuting threw acid in his face, horribly scarring the left half while leaving the other half undamaged. The post-Crisis version of these events are recounted in the comic book miniseries, Batman: The Long Halloween. In this book, Mafia chieftain Salvatore " ...

See also:

Two-Face, Two-Face - Full history and analysis, Two-Face - Two-Face in other media

Read more here: » Two-Face: Encyclopedia II - Two-Face - Full history and analysis

The term "serial killer" was coined either by FBI agent Robert Ressler or by Dr. Robert D. Keppel in the 1970s (the credit for the term is still disputed); "serial killer" entered the popular vernacular in large part due to the well-publicized crimes of Ted Bundy and David Berkowitz ("Son of Sam") in the middle years of the decade. The term allows criminologists to distinguish those who claim victims over a long period of time from those who claim multiple victims all at once (mass murde ...

See also:

Serial killer, Serial killer - Defining serial murder, Serial killer - Psychology and development, Serial killer - Prevalence, Serial killer - Serial murder before 1900, Serial killer - Types of serial killer, Serial killer - Organized and disorganized types, Serial killer - Motive types, Serial killer - Why are serial killers not caught more quickly?, Serial killer - Serial killers in popular culture, Serial killer - Bibliography

Read more here: » Serial killer: Encyclopedia II - Serial killer - Defining serial murder

A primary belief of members is that their success is based on giving up on self-reliance and willpower, and instead relying on God, or a "Higher Power". Critics of these programs, however, often hold that this reliance is ineffective, and offensive or inapplicable to atheists and others who do not believe in a salvific deity. Proponents of twelve-step programs argue that many atheists have been helped by the progr ...

See also:

Twelve-step program, Twelve-step program - Characteristics, Twelve-step program - The Twelve Steps, Twelve-step program - History, Twelve-step program - Relation to religion, Twelve-step program - Twelve-Step-Groups, Twelve-step program - Literature

Read more here: » Twelve-step program: Encyclopedia II - Twelve-step program - Relation to religion

The medical community now makes a careful theoretical distinction between physical dependence (characterized by symptoms of withdrawal) and psychological addiction (or simply addiction). Addiction is now narrowly defined as "uncontrolled, compulsive use despite harm"; if there is no harm being suffered by, or damage done to, the patient or another party, then clinically it may be considered compulsive, but within this narrow definition it is not categorized as "addiction". In practice, however, the two kinds of addiction are not always easy to distinguish. Addictions oft ...

See also:

Addiction, Addiction - Terminology and usage, Addiction - Varied forms of addiction, Addiction - Physical dependency, Addiction - Psychological addiction, Addiction - Addiction and drug control legislation, Addiction - Methods of care, Addiction - Diverse explanations, Addiction - Neurobiological basis, Addiction - Criticism, Addiction - Casual addiction

Read more here: » Addiction: Encyclopedia II - Addiction - Terminology and usage

"Oppression" is a more accurate translation of the term used in Christian sctipture. Possession, like other mistranslations, has gained a life of its own. This is possibly due to the nature of the word as well as the many movies depicting weird and lengthly deliverance rituals. Biblical deliverance takes place in seconds or perhaps a minute at most. This is the type one will find throughout the world in churches and ministries of nearly every denomination today. The concept of demon possession in Christianity was similar to that of Je ...

See also:

Demonic possession, Demonic possession - Demon possession in history, Demonic possession - Demon possession in Christianity, Demonic possession - Cases of demon possession in the Bible, Demonic possession - Demon possession in medicine, Demonic possession - External link

Read more here: » Demonic possession: Encyclopedia II - Demonic possession - Demon possession in Christianity

The simple definition of child sexual abuse is when an adult forces or coerces sex on a prepubescent minor. There is an ongoing controversy surrounding this definition. The controversy lies within the argument as to whether children can or cannot give cognitive consent. The mainstream opinion in countries such as the U.S. and U.K. is that any minor under the legal age of consent is deemed mentally incapable of consenting to sexual activity wit ...

See also:

Child sexual abuse, Child sexual abuse - List of activities considered CSA, Child sexual abuse - Effects of sexual abuse on children, Child sexual abuse - Offenders, Child sexual abuse - Typology, Child sexual abuse - Categorization, Child sexual abuse - Variation in cultural practices, norms and research findings, Child sexual abuse - Epidemiology, Child sexual abuse - Sexual abuse, consent, minors, age gap and culture, Child sexual abuse - Definition based on moral objection; relativity

Read more here: » Child sexual abuse: Encyclopedia II - Child sexual abuse - Sexual abuse, consent, minors, age gap and culture

Most countries have legislation which brings various drugs and drug-like substances under the control of licensing systems. Typically this legislation covers any or all of the opiates, cannabinoids, cocaine, barbiturates, hallucinogens and a variety of more modern synthetic drugs, and unlicensed production, supply or possession is a criminal offence. Usually, however, drug classification under such legislation is not related simply to addictiveness. The substances covered often have very different addictive properties. Some are highly prone to cause physical dependency ...

See also:

Addiction, Addiction - Terminology and usage, Addiction - Varied forms of addiction, Addiction - Physical dependency, Addiction - Psychological addiction, Addiction - Addiction and drug control legislation, Addiction - Methods of care, Addiction - Diverse explanations, Addiction - Neurobiological basis, Addiction - Criticism, Addiction - Casual addiction

Read more here: » Addiction: Encyclopedia II - Addiction - Addiction and drug control legislation

Early editions of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) described addiction as a physical dependency to a substance that resulted in withdrawal symptoms in its absence. Recent editions, including DSM-IV, have moved toward a diagnostic instrument that classifies such conditions as dependency, rather than addiction. The American Society of Addiction Medicine recommends treatment for people with chemical dependency based on patient placement criteria (currently listed in PPC-2) ...

See also:

Addiction, Addiction - Terminology and usage, Addiction - Varied forms of addiction, Addiction - Physical dependency, Addiction - Psychological addiction, Addiction - Addiction and drug control legislation, Addiction - Methods of care, Addiction - Diverse explanations, Addiction - Neurobiological basis, Addiction - Criticism, Addiction - Casual addiction

Read more here: » Addiction: Encyclopedia II - Addiction - Methods of care

See also List of serial killers before 1900 Although the phenomenon of serial murder is generally regarded as a modern one, it can be traced back in history, albeit with a limited degree of accuracy. In the 15th century, one of the wealthiest men in France, Gille de Rais, is said to have abducted, raped and murdered at least a hundred young boys. The Hungarian aristocrat Elizabeth Báthory was arrested in 1610 and subsequently charged with torturing and butchering as many as 600 young girls. Although both De Rais and Bá ...

See also:

Serial killer, Serial killer - Defining serial murder, Serial killer - Psychology and development, Serial killer - Prevalence, Serial killer - Serial murder before 1900, Serial killer - Types of serial killer, Serial killer - Organized and disorganized types, Serial killer - Motive types, Serial killer - Why are serial killers not caught more quickly?, Serial killer - Serial killers in popular culture, Serial killer - Bibliography

Read more here: » Serial killer: Encyclopedia II - Serial killer - Serial murder before 1900