A compact disc (or CD) is an optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. It is the standard playback format for commercial audio recordings today. A standard compact disc, often known as an "audio CD" to differentiate it from later variants, stores audio data in a format compliant with the red book standard. An audio CD consists of several stereo tracks stored using 16-bit PCM coding at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz. Standard compact discs have a diameter of 120 mm, th ...

Including:

Compact disc - History Compact disc - Physical details Compact disc - Audio format
Compact disc - Storage capacity
Compact disc - Data structure
Compact disc - Subcode Compact disc - CD-Text
Compact disc - The AAD ADD DDD code for audio CDs Compact disc - CD-ROM Compact disc - Recordability Compact disc - Copy protection Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia - Compact disc

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The AAD ADD DDD code for audio CDs, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Recordability

In the early 1970s, using video Laserdisc technology, Philips' researchers started experiments with "audio-only" optical discs, initially with wideband frequency modulation FM and later digitized PCM audio signals. At the end of the 70s, Philips, Sony, and other companies presented prototypes of digital audio discs. In 1979 Philips and Sony decided to join forces, setting up a joint taskforce of engineers whose mission was to design the new digital audio disc. Prominent members of the taskforce were Kees Immink and Toshitada Doi. Afte ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The AAD ADD DDD code for audio CDs, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - History

Injection moulding is used to mass produce compact discs. A "stamper" is made from the original media (audio tape, data disc, etc.) by writing to a glass disc (referred to as a glass master) coated with a photosensitive dye with a laser. This dye is then etched, leaving the data track. It is then plated to make a positive version of the CD. Polycarbonate is liquified and injected into the mold cavity where the stamper transfers the pattern of pits and lands to the polycarbonate disc. The disc is the ...

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Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Manufacturing Process, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The SPARS Code for audio CDs, Compact disc - Three-Letter Codes, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Recordability

In the early 1970s, using video Laserdisc technology, Philips' researchers started experiments with "audio-only" optical discs, initially with wideband frequency modulation FM and later digitized PCM audio signals. At the end of the 1970s, Philips, Sony, and other companies presented prototypes of digital audio discs. In 1979 Philips and Sony decided to join forces, setting up a joint task force of engineers whose mission was to design the new digital audio disc. Prominent members of the task force were Kees Immink and Toshitada Doi. ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Manufacturing Process, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The SPARS Code for audio CDs, Compact disc - Three-Letter Codes, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - History

The format of the audio disc, known as the "Red Book" / Sony standard, was laid out by Sony and Philips in 1981. Philips is responsible for the licensing program of the intellectual property pertinent to the Compact Disc including the "Compact Disc Digital Audio" logo that appears on the disc. In broad terms the format is a two-channel (four-channel sound is an allowed option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented) stereo 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate. Reed-Solomon error correction allows the CD to be scratched ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The AAD ADD DDD code for audio CDs, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Audio format

A CD recorder, CD writer or CD burner is a compact disc drive that can be used to produce discs readable in other CD-ROM drives and audio CD players. A DVD recorder produces DVD discs playable in stand-alone video players or DVD-ROM drives. They are generally used for small-scale archival or data exchange, being slower and more materially expensive than the moulding process used to mass-manufacture pressed discs. A recorder encodes (or burns) data onto a recordable CD-R, DVD-R or DVD+R disc (called a ...

Including:

CD recorder - Compatibility CD recorder - Performance

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Compact discs are made from a 1.2 mm thick disc of polycarbonate plastic coated with a much thinner layer of Super Purity Aluminium (or rarely, gold, used for its data longevity, such as in some limited-edition audiophile CDs) layer which is protected by a film of lacquer. The lacquer can be printed with a label. Common printing methods for compact discs are silkscreening and offset printing. CDs are available in two sizes. By far the most common is 120 mm in diameter, with a 74-minute audio capacity and a 650-MB data (See storage ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The AAD ADD DDD code for audio CDs, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Physical details

A disk or disc (see below) is anything that resembles a flattened cylinder in shape. More specifically: In biology, an intervertebral disc is a cartilaginous joint between vertebrae in the spine of vertebrate animals. In mathematics, a disk is a geometrical object. See Disk (mathematics). A gramophone record (commonly "phonograph record" in U.S. English) is an analogue sound recording disc used on a gramophone or phonograph. It consists of a long spiral groove in on a side of a platt ...

Including:

Disk - Disc or disk?

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The Red Book audio specification does not include any copy protection mechanism. Ripping is the process by which the contents of an audio disc is copied out verbatim to a duplicate disc or re-encoded into some other format, such as MP3. An error-correcting code is included with Red Book audio to deal with small scratches or defects on the disc media. Where error correction fails on larger defects, audio CD players are expected to apply interpolati ...

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Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The AAD ADD DDD code for audio CDs, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Copy protection

In computing, CD authoring or DVD authoring is the process of recording source material—video, audio or other data—onto a compact disc or DVD in a particular format. Authoring is commonly done in software on personal computers and workstations equipped with CD or DVD recorders. There are, however, stand-alone devices like personal video recorders which can also author and record discs. Authoring programs are sometimes called "burning applications" or "burner applications", although it is possible to author DVD discs (creating menus, etc.) in one application and then act ...

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A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is a variation of the Compact Disc digital audio disc invented by Philips and Sony. The CD-R retains all the abilities of the CD standard but adds the functionality of being able to store either music or data. CD-R - History. The CD-R, originally named CD Write-Once (WO), specification was first published in 1988 by Philips and Sony in the 'Orange Book'. The Orange Book consists of several parts, furnishing details of the CD-WO, CD-MO (M ...

Including:

CD-R - History CD-R - Physical characteristics CD-R - Writing methods CD-R - Optimal storage conditions and expected lifespan CD-R - Cleaning CD-Rs CD-R - Readability in CD drives

Read more here: » CD-R: Encyclopedia - CD-R

DVD (sometimes known as "Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video Disc") is an optical disc storage media format that can be used for data storage, including movies with high video and sound quality. DVDs resemble compact discs as their physical dimensions are the same (12 cm or occasionally 8 cm in diameter) but they are encoded in a different format and at a much higher density. The official DVD specification is maintained by the DVD Forum. DVD - History. In the early 1990s two high density ...

Including:

DVD - History DVD - Technical information DVD - DVD-Video
DVD - Restrictions
DVD - Region codes DVD - DVD-Audio
DVD - Security
DVD - Players and recorders DVD - Competitors and successors DVD - Direct-to-DVD

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DAO and Dao may refer to: DAO: Data Access Object, a design pattern used in software engineering Data Access Objects, a general programming interface for database access on Microsoft Windows systems Disk At Once, a method to record compact discs and DVDs in one pass Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Saanich, British Columbia, Canada Double Action Only, a firing m ...

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The format of the audio disc, known as the "Red Book" / Sony standard, was laid out by Sony and Philips in 1981. Philips is responsible for the licensing program of the intellectual property pertinent to the Compact Disc including the "Compact Disc Digital Audio" logo that appears on the disc. In broad terms the format is a two-channel (four-channel sound is an allowed option within the Red Book format, but has never been implemented) stereo 16-bit PCM encoding at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate. Reed-Solomon error correction allows the CD to be scratched ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Manufacturing Process, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The SPARS Code for audio CDs, Compact disc - Three-Letter Codes, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Audio format

In conventional PCM, the analog signal may be processed (e.g. by amplitude compression) before being digitized. Once the signal is digitized, the PCM signal is not subjected to further processing (e.g. digital data compression). Some forms of PCM combine signal processing with coding. Older versions of these systems applied the processing in the analog domain as part of the A/D process, newer implementations do so in the digital domain. These simple techniques have been largely rendered obsolete by modern transform-based signal compre ...

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Pulse-code modulation, Pulse-code modulation - Digitization as part of the PCM process, Pulse-code modulation - Encoding the bitstream as a signal, Pulse-code modulation - History of PCM

Read more here: » Pulse-code modulation: Encyclopedia II - Pulse-code modulation - Digitization as part of the PCM process

Quadraphonic - CD-4. Compatible Discrete 4 or Quadradisc (not to be confused with compact disc) was introduced in 1971 as a discrete quadraphonic system created by JVC (as a subsidiary of RCA). This format was less popular than others because of incompatibility, poor longevity, and strict setup requirements. The quadraphonic music was encoded with sum and difference signals (encoded in the 18 to 30 kHz range) on the standard stereo grooves of vinyl which also had the undesirable side-effect of limit ...

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Quadraphonic, Quadraphonic - History, Quadraphonic - Formats, Quadraphonic - CD-4, Quadraphonic - Q4, Quadraphonic - Quad-8, Quadraphonic - SQ, Quadraphonic - QS, Quadraphonic - Matrix H, Quadraphonic - Pseudo-surround sound

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Herbert von Karajan - Roots. Herbert von Karajan's ancestors came from Greek-Macedonia, Kozani specifically and arrived in Vienna via the electorate of Saxony - the family's original name was "Karajannis". From the Greek "Karajannis," it became the noble "von" Karajan Herbert von Karajan - Early years. Herbert von Karajan was born in Salzburg as Heribert Ritter von Karajan in a Aromanian family that has its origin in Ioannina, Greece. From 1916 to 1926, he studied at the Mozarteum Conservatory in Salzburg, ...

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Herbert von Karajan, Herbert von Karajan - Life, Herbert von Karajan - Roots, Herbert von Karajan - Early years, Herbert von Karajan - Postwar years, Herbert von Karajan - Karajan and the compact disc, Herbert von Karajan - Politics, Herbert von Karajan - Musicianship, Herbert von Karajan - Professional behavior, Herbert von Karajan - Notes

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The smallest entity in the CD audio format is called a frame. A frame can accommodate six complete 16-bit stereo samples, i.e. 2×2×6 = 24 bytes. Data in a CD-ROM are organized in both frames and sectors. A CD-ROM sector contains 98 frames, and holds 98×24 = 2352 bytes. The CD-ROM is in essence a data disc, which cannot rely on error concealment, and it requires therefore a higher reliability of the retrieved data. In order to achieve improved error correction and detection, a CD-ROM has a t ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The AAD ADD DDD code for audio CDs, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Data structure

Compact discs are made from a 1.2 mm thick disc of polycarbonate plastic coated with a much thinner layer of Super Purity Aluminium (or rarely, gold, used for its data longevity, such as in some limited-edition audiophile CDs) layer which is protected by a film of lacquer. The lacquer can be printed with a label. Common printing methods for compact discs are silkscreening and offset printing. CDs are available in two sizes. By far the most common is 120 mm in diameter, with a 74-minute audio capacity and a 650-MB data (See storage ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Manufacturing Process, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The SPARS Code for audio CDs, Compact disc - Three-Letter Codes, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Physical details