Communist Party of Peru

Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso (born 3 December 1934), a former professor of philosophy, was the leader of the Maoist insurgency Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso in Spanish) which has been active in Peru from the late 1970s. Wanted on charges of terrorism, Guzmán was captured by the Peruvian government in 1992 and sentenced to life imprisonment, but a retrial began in September 2005. Abimael Guzmán - Early life. Guzmán was born in Mollendo, a port town in the province of Islay, in the Peruvia ...

Including:

• Abimael Guzmán - Early life
• Abimael Guzmán - Guerrilla campaign
• Abimael Guzmán - Capture
• Abimael Guzmán - Trial and imprisonment

Read more here: » Abimael Guzmán: Encyclopedia - Abimael Guzmán

In 1908 he succeeded José Pardo (a succession event that would occur again in 1919) after being elected president for the first time by an alliance of the Civil and Constitutional parties. Some of Leguía's first actions were to institute social and economic reforms in an attempt to industrialize Peru and turn it into a modern capitalist society. On May 29, 1909, a group of citizens (supporters of Piérola's Democratic Party) managed to force their entry into the Palacio de Gobierno demanding the resignation of Leguía. Among ...

See also:

Augusto B. Leguía, Augusto B. Leguía - Early Years, Augusto B. Leguía - First term, Augusto B. Leguía - Second term, Augusto B. Leguía - Overthrown

Read more here: » Augusto B. Leguía: Encyclopedia II - Augusto B. Leguía - First term

Mariátegui was born in Moquegua. His father, Francisco Javier Mariátegui Requejo, was a grandson of Francisco Javier Mariátegui Tellería, one of the original signers of Peru's declaration of independence in 1821. Mariátegui Requejo abandoned his family when José Carlos was young; to support her children, his mother, María Amalia La Chira Ballejos, moved first to Lima, then to Huacho, where she had more relatives that helped her make a living. José Carlos had a brother and a sister: Guillermina and Julio César. In 1902, as a young sc ...

See also:

José Carlos Mariátegui, José Carlos Mariátegui - Life and works, José Carlos Mariátegui - Influence, José Carlos Mariátegui - Quotes

Read more here: » José Carlos Mariátegui: Encyclopedia II - José Carlos Mariátegui - Life and works

Guzmán was born in Mollendo, a port town in the province of Islay, in the Peruvian region of Arequipa, about 1000 km south of Lima. He was the illegitimate son of a well-off merchant, the winner of the national lottery who had six children by three different women. Guzmán's mother, Berenice Reynoso, died when her son was only five years old. From 1939 to 1946 Guzmán lived with his mother's family. After 1947 he lived with his father and his father's wife in the city of Arequipa, where he studied at a private Catholic secondary scho ...

See also:

Abimael Guzmán, Abimael Guzmán - Early life, Abimael Guzmán - Guerrilla campaign, Abimael Guzmán - Capture, Abimael Guzmán - Trial and imprisonment

Read more here: » Abimael Guzmán: Encyclopedia II - Abimael Guzmán - Early life

In 1919, he again sought the presidency of Peru by trying to succeed José Pardo. Fearing that the former president's government along with the Civilist Parliament would not recognise his victory, he launched a successful military coup, which led Leguía to succeed Pardo as an interim president. He then proceeded to dissolve Congress and the new parliament elected him constitutional president of Peru. Leguía changed the Peruvian constitution (which had the longest continuance since 1860), and promulgated a new one in 1920, which was ...

See also:

Augusto B. Leguía, Augusto B. Leguía - Early Years, Augusto B. Leguía - First term, Augusto B. Leguía - Second term, Augusto B. Leguía - Overthrown

Read more here: » Augusto B. Leguía: Encyclopedia II - Augusto B. Leguía - Second term

After 11 years in power and the world depression affecting Peru by ending the flow of foreign capital investments, his government was finally overthrown by a coup in August 22, 1930, by Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro in Arequipa. Leguía was arrested and charged with misappropriating government funds. He remained in confinement in the Panóptico of Lima, and passed away at a naval hospital on February 6, 1932. Se ...

See also:

Augusto B. Leguía, Augusto B. Leguía - Early Years, Augusto B. Leguía - First term, Augusto B. Leguía - Second term, Augusto B. Leguía - Overthrown

Read more here: » Augusto B. Leguía: Encyclopedia II - Augusto B. Leguía - Overthrown

Leguía y Salcedo was born in Lambayeque in 1863 to one of the most distinguished families of the Peruvian oligarchy. Educated in Valparaíso, Chile, he served in the Peruvian army during the War of the Pacific (1879-1881). After the war he moved to the United States and became an insurance executive with the New York Life Insurance Company. By the 1900s, Leguía had become very wealthy and decided to return to Peru. He entered politics in 1903 at the urging of Manuel Candamo (the then leader of the Civilista Party) and also of José ...

See also:

Augusto B. Leguía, Augusto B. Leguía - Early Years, Augusto B. Leguía - First term, Augusto B. Leguía - Second term, Augusto B. Leguía - Overthrown

Read more here: » Augusto B. Leguía: Encyclopedia II - Augusto B. Leguía - Early Years

The Shining Path movement was at first largely circumscribed to academic circles in Peruvian universities. In the late 1970s, however, the movement developed into a guerrilla group centered around Ayacucho. In May of 1980, the group launched its war against the government of Perú by burning the ballot boxes in Chuschi, a village near Ayacucho, in an effort to disrupt the first democratic elections in the country since 1964. Shining Path eventually grew to control vast rural territories in central and southern Perú and achieved a presence e ...

See also:

Abimael Guzmán, Abimael Guzmán - Early life, Abimael Guzmán - Guerrilla campaign, Abimael Guzmán - Capture, Abimael Guzmán - Trial and imprisonment

Read more here: » Abimael Guzmán: Encyclopedia II - Abimael Guzmán - Guerrilla campaign

In 1992, during the first administration of President Alberto Fujimori, the Peruvian National Directorate Against Terrorism (DINCOTE) began casing several residences in Lima because agents suspected that terrorists were using them as safehouses. One of those residences, in the middle-class neighborhood of Surco, had been operating as a ballet studio. The DINCOTE operatives routinely searched the garbage taken out from the house. The house was supposedly inhabited by only one person, the dance teacher Maritza Garrido Lecca, but it was soon no ...

See also:

Abimael Guzmán, Abimael Guzmán - Early life, Abimael Guzmán - Guerrilla campaign, Abimael Guzmán - Capture, Abimael Guzmán - Trial and imprisonment

Read more here: » Abimael Guzmán: Encyclopedia II - Abimael Guzmán - Capture