Communication is the process of exchanging information, usually via a common protocol. "Communication studies" is the academic discipline focused on communication forms, processes and meanings, including speech, interpersonal and organizational communication. "Mass communication" is a more specialized academic discipline focused on the institutions, practice and effects of journalism, broadcasting, advertising, public relations and related mediated communication directed at a large, undifferentiated or segmented audience. Including:

Communication - Forms and components of human communication Communication - Communication technology Communication - Communication barriers Communication - Examples of communication

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Communication, Communication - Forms and components of human communication, Communication - Communication technology, Communication - Communication barriers, Communication - Examples of communication

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Anxiety associated with communication is known as communication apprehension. Such anxiety tends to be influenced by one's self-concept. Besides apprehension, communication can be impaired via bypassing, indiscrimination, and polarization. Failing to share a common language is also an important barrier in many parts of the world. Apart from that there may be following barriers in communication ...

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Communication, Communication - Forms and components of human communication, Communication - Communication technology, Communication - Communication barriers, Communication - Examples of communication

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A community is an amalgamation of living things that share an environment. The individual living beings can be plant or animal; any species; any size. What characterizes a community is sharing interaction in many ways. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs and a multitude of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the degree of adhesion within the mixture, but the definitive driver of community is that all individual subjects in the mix have something in common. This is ...

Including:

Community - The nature of community Community - The context of community Community - The processes of community Community - Problems of community Community - The sense of community Community - The spirit of community

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Another controversial issue is the extent to which humans have behaviours that resemble animal communication, or whether all such communication has disappeared as a result of our linguistic capacity. Some of our bodily features - eyebrows, beards and moustaches, deep adult male voices, perhaps female breasts - strongly resemble adaptations to producing signals. Ethologists such as Iraneaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt have argued that facial gestures such as smiling, grimacing, and the eye-brow flash on greeting are universal human communicative s ...

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Animal communication, Animal communication - Intraspecies vs. interspecies communication, Animal communication - Interspecies communication, Animal communication - Prey to predator, Animal communication - Predator to prey, Animal communication - Symbiotic species, Animal communication - Human/animal communication, Animal communication - Intraspecies communication, Animal communication - Forms of communication, Animal communication - Functions of communication, Animal communication - Evolution of communication, Animal communication - Communication and understanding, Animal communication - Animal communication and human behaviour, Animal communication - Animal communication and linguistics, Animal communication - External link

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There are many forms of non-technological optical communication, including body language and sign language. Techniques such as semaphore, ship flags, smoke signals, and beacons; fires were the earliest form of technological optical communication. The heliograph uses a mirror to reflect sunlight to a distant observer. By moving the mirror the distant observer sees flashes of light that can be used to send a prearranged signaling code. Navy ships often use a signal lamp to signal in Morse code in a similar way. Distress flares are used by mariners in emergencies, while light ...

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Optical communication, Optical communication - Forms of optical communication, Optical communication - Optical fiber communication, Optical communication - Free-space optical communication

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History of communism Schools of communism Marxism · Leninism Trotskyism · Maoism Council communism Religious communism Communist parties Communist International World Communist Movement Communist revolution World revolution Communist states The Soviet Union People's Republic of China Cuba · Vietnam Laos · North Korea Related subjects Socialism Planned economy Historical mater ...

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Communism - Early Communism Communism - Marxism Communism - The growth of modern Communism
Communism - Soviet Marxism
Communism - Cold War years
Communism - Maoism
Communism - Communism after the collapse of the Soviet Union Communism - Criticism of communism Communism - Comparing Communism to communism
Communism - Schools of communism Communism - Organizations and people

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Outside of South Asia, communalism is a modern term that describes a broad range of social movements and social theories which are in some way centered upon the community. Communalism can take the form of communal living or communal property, among others. Communalism is sometimes said to put the interests of the community above the interests of the individual, but this is usually only done on the principle that the community exists for the benefit of the individuals who participate in it, so the best way to serve the interests ...

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Communalism - Communal Government

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Animal communication is any behaviour on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future behaviour of another animal. The study of animal communication, called zoosemiotics (distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study of human communication) has played an important part in the development of ethology, sociobiology, and the study of animal cognition. Animal communication - Intraspecies vs. interspecies communication. The sender and receiver of a communication may ...

Including:

Animal communication - Intraspecies vs. interspecies communication Animal communication - Interspecies communication
Animal communication - Prey to predator Animal communication - Predator to prey Animal communication - Symbiotic species Animal communication - Human/animal communication
Animal communication - Intraspecies communication
Animal communication - Forms of communication Animal communication - Functions of communication Animal communication - Evolution of communication
Animal communication - Communication and understanding Animal communication - Animal communication and human behaviour Animal communication - Animal communication and linguistics Animal communication - External link

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Commune can refer to various things: commune (subnational entity) of various European and African countries Commune in France, comprises cities, towns, and villages medieval commune, a social organization of the European Middle Ages Mir (social), a village community in czarist Russia A kibbutz, an Israeli collective community commune (intentional community) People's commune, an administrative division of China The Paris Commune (French Revolution), the governm ...

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Communicator is a type of portable device that includes, in various proportions, functions of PDA, mobile phone, and wireless Internet appliance. The name came probably from Nokia 9000 series. A communicator usually has QWERTY keyboard and/or touch screen as opposed to smartphone having only a digital keyboard with a few more auxiliary buttons. A communicator is a communications device, typically portabl ...

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The term communications is used in a number of disciplines: Communications or communication studies is the academic discipline which studies communication, generally seen as a mixture between media studies and linguistics. In geography, communications are the physical routes (roads, rivers, canals, railways, etc.) travelled by people in order to interact with each other. See transport. In telecommunication, the term communications has the following meanings: Information transfer, among us ...

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Communalness, as suggested by Robert A. Freitas Jr., is a level of an emergent phenomen which originates from Electronic sentience, and represents a broader mode of thinking than just normal consciousness. While consciousness is limited to the individual, communalness describes a complex organization of numerous individuals which on a higher level is tightly connected to each other. Such an organization would maybe have the same intimate awareness of its own existence as a whol ...

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Communes in Europe in the Middle Ages were sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical and freedoms) among community members of a town or city. They took many forms, no two were alike in organization or make-up. The Late Latin connotations (con+munitii) are those of possessions, stores and preparations that the community held in common. Medieval commune - Description. During the 10th century in several parts of Western Europe, as populations increased and a money-based eco ...

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Medieval commune - Description Medieval commune - Social order Medieval commune - References and further reading

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Anti-communism is the opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either an ideological or pragmatic basis. Anti-communism is a catch-all phrase which defines any opposition to communism as a philosophical basis for a political and social alliance. The term came to have a global meaning during the Cold War, when the powers of Western society sought to coordinate an opposition to the apparent militarist expansion of the Soviet Union. For much of the period between 1950 and 1991 anti-communism was one of the ...

Including:

Anti-communism - Background Anti-communism - Types of Anti-Communists Anti-communism - Fascism and Anti-Communism Anti-communism - Anti-communism in the United States and Cold War Anti-communism - Repression and Anti-Communism Anti-communism - Criticisms of Anti-Communism Anti-communism - Notable Anti-Communists Anti-communism - Contemporary anticommunism
Anti-communism - Objections to Communist theory Anti-communism - Anticommunist histories Anti-communism - Economic performance of communist governments Anti-communism - Anarchist anti-Communism
Anti-communism - Notable Anti-Communists Anti-communism - Anti-Communists who are also Anti-Fascists Anti-communism - Notable Anti-Communist Dissidents Anti-communism - Anti-Communist Statesmen and Military Leaders Anti-communism - Leaders of the Russian anti-Bolshevik White Movement
Anti-communism - Anti-Communist Terrorists

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The term "Paris Commune" originally referred to the government of Paris during the French Revolution. However, the term more commonly refers to the socialist government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 (more formally from March 26) to May 28, 1871. In a formal sense the Paris Commune of 1871 was simply the local authority (council of a town or district - French "commune") which exercised power in Paris for two months in the spring of 1871. But the conditions in which it was formed, its controversial decrees ...

Including:

Paris Commune - Background Paris Commune - The rise and nature of the commune Paris Commune - The assault Paris Commune - The commune in retrospect Paris Commune - Other Communes Paris Commune - Fictional treatments

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A commune is a kind of intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property (as opposed to communities that only share housing). The best known communes in the modern world are the kibbutzim of Israel. There are also many communes currently active outside Israel, where they are often referred to as egalitarian communities. Benjamin Zablocki categorized communes this way: Eastern religious communes Christian communes Psychological communes (based on myst ...

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Commune intentional community - Bibliography Commune intentional community - External link

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Bees learn and communicate in order to find food sources and for other means. Bee learning and communication - Learning. Learning is essential for efficient foraging. Bees are unlikely to make many repeat visits if a plant provides little in the way of reward. A single bee will visit different flowers in the morning and, if there is sufficient attraction and reward in a particular kind of flower, she will make visits to that type of flower for most of the day, unless the plants stop producing reward or weat ...

Including:

Bee learning and communication - Learning Bee learning and communication - Communication
Bee learning and communication - Dance language Bee learning and communication - Odor plume Bee learning and communication - Trophallaxis
Bee learning and communication - Source

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Communication studies is the academic discipline that studies communication; subdisciplines include animal communication, argumentation, speech communication, rhetoric, communication theory, group communication, information theory, intercultural communication, interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication, marketing, organizational communication, persuasion, propaganda, public affairs, public relations and telecommunication. At many institutions, separate schools of Mass communication share an interest in communicati ...

Including:

Communication studies - History Communication studies - Criticism

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Unconscious communication (or intuitive) is the transfer of information unconsciously between humans. It is sometimes intrapersonal, like dreaming or cognition under the effects of hypnosis, and is not necessarily nonverbal communication. Research has shown that our conscious attention can attend to 5-9 items simultaneously. All other information is processed by the unconscious mind. Usually our unconscious communication and unconscious behaviour are influenced or dictated by our culture. Communication b ...

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