The Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian and Bulgarian languages are related to Macedonian, but they are significantly different, except for Bulgarian which is mutually intelligible, with some difficulties, with Macedonian. They all compose the South Slavic dialect continuum for the Southern branch of the Slavic languages. The exact classification of the Macedonian language is a political issue. With Serbia's standard language being based a good distance from Macedonia's border, the transitional language linking Macedonian and Bulgar ...

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Macedonian language, Macedonian language - History, Macedonian language - Different political views on the language, Macedonian language - Macedonian view, Macedonian language - Bulgarian view, Macedonian language - Serbian view, Macedonian language - Greek view, Macedonian language - Alphabet, Macedonian language - Common Phrases, Macedonian language - Classification and related languages, Macedonian language - Some unique features of the Macedonian language

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Macedonian language, Macedonian language - History, Macedonian language - Different political views on the language, Macedonian language - Macedonian view, Macedonian language - Bulgarian view, Macedonian language - Serbian view, Macedonian language - Greek view, Macedonian language - Alphabet, Macedonian language - Common Phrases, Macedonian language - Classification and related languages, Macedonian language - Some unique features of the Macedonian language

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Indonesian is written using the Latin alphabet. It is more phonetically consistent than many languages—the correspondence between sounds and their written forms is generally regular. One common source of confusion for foreign readers, particularly when reading place names, is the spelling changes in the language that have occurred since Indonesian independence. Commonly-used changes include: The first of these changes (oe to u) occurred around the time of independence in 1947; all of the others were a part of an ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

Read more here: » Indonesian language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian language - Writing system

Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a standardized dialect of the Malay language that was officially defined with the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, and the two languages remain quite similar. The language is spoken fluently as a second language by most Indonesians, who use a regional language (examples are Minangkabau and Javanese) at home and in their local community. Most formal education, as well as nearly all ...

Including:

• Indonesian language - History
• Indonesian language - Classification
• Indonesian language - Geographic distribution
• Indonesian language - Official status
• Indonesian language - Sounds
• Indonesian language - Grammar
• Indonesian language - Vocabulary
• Indonesian language - Writing system

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A language is a system of symbols, generally known as lexemes and the rules by which they are manipulated. The word language is also used to refer to the whole phenomenon of language, i.e., the common properties of languages. Though language is commonly used for communication, it is not synonymous with it. Human language is a natural phenomenon, and language learning is instinctive in childhood. In their natural form, human languages use patterns of sound or gesture for the symbols in order to communicate with others through the senses. Though there are thousands of human languages, they all share a number of prope ...

Including:

• Language - Properties of language
• Language - Human languages
• Language - Origins of human language
• Language - Language taxonomy
• Language - Constructed languages
• Language - The study of language
• Language - Animal nonhuman language
• Language - Formal languages

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The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, Pinyin: Hànyǔ, 华语/華語, Huáyǔ or 中文, Zhōngwén) forms part of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. About one-fifth of the people in the world speak some form of Chinese as their native language, making it the language with the most native speakers. In general, all varieties of Chinese are tonal and analytic. However, Chinese is also distinguished for a high level of internal diversity. Regional variation between different variants/dialects is comparable t ...

Including:

• Chinese language - Spoken Chinese
• Chinese language - Language or language family?
• Chinese language - Written Chinese
• Chinese language - Chinese characters
• Chinese language - History
• Chinese language - Influence on other languages
• Chinese language - Sounds
• Chinese language - Romanization
• Chinese language - Other Transcriptions
• Chinese language - Morphology
• Chinese language - Loanwords
• Chinese language - Grammar

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Catalan (Català) or Valencian (Valencià) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra and co-official in several regions of Spain. Spain has the majority of active Catalan speakers, and Catalan is the country's second most widely spoken language. It is spoken or understood by as many as 12 million people who live not only in Andorra and Spain, but also in parts of France and Italy. Catalan language - Classification. Catalan is a Romance language. According to the Ethnologue ...

Including:

• Catalan language - Classification
• Catalan language - Geographic distribution
• Catalan language - Official status
• Catalan language - Number of Catalan speakers
• Catalan language - Dialects
• Catalan language - The status of Valencian
• Catalan language - Sounds and writing system
• Catalan language - Grammar
• Catalan language - History
• Catalan language - Examples
• Catalan language - Learning Catalan
• Catalan language - English words of Catalan origin

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Bahasa Indonesia is a normative form of the Malay language, an Austronesian (or Malayo-Polynesian) language which had been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries, and was elevated to the status of official language with the Indonesian declaration of independence in 1945, drawing inspiration from the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth's Oath) event in 1928. It is very similar to the official Malaysian form of the language. However it does differ from the Malaysian form in some ways, with differences in pronunciation and also in vocabulary, due in large part to the ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

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Compared to European languages, Indonesian has a strikingly small use of grammatically gendered words; the same word is used for he and she or for his and her. Most of the words that refer to people (family terms, professions, etc.) have a form that does not distinguish between the sexes; for example, adik can both refer to a (younger) brother or sister; no distinction is made between girlfriend and boyfriend. In order to specify gender, an adjective has to be added: adik laki-laki corr ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

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There are six pure vowel sounds: a /ɑ/, e /e/, i /i/, o /ɔ/, u /u/, the schwa /ə/ which is also spelled e; and three diphthongs (ai, au, oi). The consonantic phonemes are rendered by the letters p, b, t, d, k, g, ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

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Indonesian as a modern dialect of Malay has borrowed heavily from many languages, among others: Sanskrit, Arabic, Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese and many other languages, including other Austronesian languages. It is estimated that there are some 750 Sanskrit loanwords in modern Indonesian, 1000 Arabic (Persian and some Hebrew) ones, some 125 Portuguese (also Spanish and Italian) ones and a staggering number of some 10,000 loanwords from Dutch. The latter also comprises many words from other European languages, which came via Dutch, the so-called "International Vocabulary". The vast majority of Indonesian words, however, come from th ...

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Indonesian language, Indonesian language - History, Indonesian language - Classification, Indonesian language - Geographic distribution, Indonesian language - Official status, Indonesian language - Sounds, Indonesian language - Grammar, Indonesian language - Vocabulary, Indonesian language - Writing system

Read more here: » Indonesian language: Encyclopedia II - Indonesian language - Vocabulary

As a sample, here's English, according to British Received Pronunciation, followed by Standard American English, if different: US /hɛˈloʊ/ ...

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List of common phrases in various languages, List of common phrases in various languages - English Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Armenian Armenian, List of common phrases in various languages - Afrikaans Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Albanian Albanian, List of common phrases in various languages - Arabic Semitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Bengali Indo-Aryan, List of common phrases in various languages - Basque, List of common phrases in various languages - Belarusian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Bosnian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Breton Celtic, List of common phrases in various languages - Bulgarian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Catalan Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese languages, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese Cantonese Sinitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese Mandarin Sinitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese Shanghainese Sinitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese Min Nan / Taiwanese Sinitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Croatian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Czech Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Danish Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Usage Notes, List of common phrases in various languages - Dutch Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Old English Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Usage Note, List of common phrases in various languages - Esperanto international auxiliary language, List of common phrases in various languages - Estonian Finno-Ugric, List of common phrases in various languages - Finnish Finno-Ugric, List of common phrases in various languages - French Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Frisian Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Friulian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Galician Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Georgian Caucasian, List of common phrases in various languages - German Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Greek Greek, List of common phrases in various languages - Gujarati, List of common phrases in various languages - Haitian Creole Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Hawaiian Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Hebrew Semitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Hindi Indo-Iranian, List of common phrases in various languages - Hungarian Finno-Ugric, List of common phrases in various languages - Icelandic Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Indonesian Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Irish Celtic, List of common phrases in various languages - Italian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Japanese, List of common phrases in various languages - Kannada Dravidian, List of common phrases in various languages - Khmer, List of common phrases in various languages - Korean, List of common phrases in various languages - Kurdish Indo-Iranian, List of common phrases in various languages - Latin Italic, List of common phrases in various languages - Latvian Baltic, List of common phrases in various languages - Lithuanian Baltic, List of common phrases in various languages - Low German Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Macedonian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Maltese Semitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Malay Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Maori Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Malayalam Dravidian languages, List of common phrases in various languages - Marathi Indo-Iranian, List of common phrases in various languages - Nahuatl Uto-Aztecan, List of common phrases in various languages - Nigerian pidgin English-based pidgin, List of common phrases in various languages - Norwegian Germanic - Bokmål, List of common phrases in various languages - Norwegian Germanic - Nynorsk, List of common phrases in various languages - O'odham Uto-Aztecan, List of common phrases in various languages - Okinawan Japonic, List of common phrases in various languages - Pennsylvania German Pennsylvania Deutsch Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Pidgin Germanic Neo-Melanesian English creole, List of common phrases in various languages - Polish Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Portuguese Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Rivaansa, List of common phrases in various languages - Romanian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Russian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Sanskrit Indo-Iranian, List of common phrases in various languages - Sardinian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Scots Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Scottish Gaelic Celtic, List of common phrases in various languages - Serbian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Sicilian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Slovak Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Slovene Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Spanish Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Swahili Bantu, List of common phrases in various languages - Swedish Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Tagalog/Filipino Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Tamil Dravidian, List of common phrases in various languages - Tatar Turkic, List of common phrases in various languages - Telugu Dravidian, List of common phrases in various languages - Turkish Turkic, List of common phrases in various languages - Ukrainian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Vietnamese Austroasiatic, List of common phrases in various languages - Visayan/Filipino Malayo Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Welsh Celtic, List of common phrases in various languages - Yoruba Benue-Congo

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Frisian language - Old Frisian. In the early Middle Ages the Frisian lands stretched from the area around Bruges, in what is now Belgium, to the river Weser, in northern Germany. At that time, the Frisian language was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast. Today this region is sometimes referred to as Great Frisia or Frisia Magna, and many of the areas within it still treasure their Frisian heritage, even though in most ...

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Frisian language, Frisian language - Division, Frisian language - Speakers, Frisian language - Status, Frisian language - History, Frisian language - Old Frisian, Frisian language - Middle Frisian and New Frisian, Frisian language - Family tree

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West Frisian language - Old Frisian. In the early Middle Ages the Frisian lands stretched from the area around Bruges, in what is now Belgium, to the river Weser, in northern Germany. At that time, the Frisian language was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast. Today this region is sometimes referred to as Greater Frisia or Frisia Magna, and many of the areas within it still treasure their Frisian heritage, even though i ...

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West Frisian language, West Frisian language - Speakers, West Frisian language - Dialects, West Frisian language - History, West Frisian language - Old Frisian, West Frisian language - Middle Frisian and New Frisian, West Frisian language - Status

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International authorities have adopted a number of words and phrases from French for use by speakers of all languages in voice communications during air-sea rescues. Note that the "phonetic" versions are presented as shown and not in IPA. SECURITAY (securité, “safety”) – the following is a safety message or warning, the lowest level of danger. PAN PAN (panne, “breakdown”) – the following is a message concerning a danger to a person or ship, the next level of danger. MAYDAY ([venez] ...

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List of French phrases used by English speakers, List of French phrases used by English speakers - Words and phrases, List of French phrases used by English speakers - A, List of French phrases used by English speakers - B, List of French phrases used by English speakers - C, List of French phrases used by English speakers - D, List of French phrases used by English speakers - E, List of French phrases used by English speakers - F, List of French phrases used by English speakers - G, List of French phrases used by English speakers - H, List of French phrases used by English speakers - I, List of French phrases used by English speakers - J, List of French phrases used by English speakers - K, List of French phrases used by English speakers - L, List of French phrases used by English speakers - M, List of French phrases used by English speakers - N, List of French phrases used by English speakers - O, List of French phrases used by English speakers - P, List of French phrases used by English speakers - Q, List of French phrases used by English speakers - R, List of French phrases used by English speakers - S, List of French phrases used by English speakers - T, List of French phrases used by English speakers - U, List of French phrases used by English speakers - V, List of French phrases used by English speakers - W - X - Y - Z, List of French phrases used by English speakers - Only found in English, List of French phrases used by English speakers - French phrases in international air-sea rescue

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There are three varieties of Frisian: West Lauwers Frisian, Saterland Frisian, and North Frisian. Some linguists consider these three varieties, despite their mutual unintelligibility, to be dialects of one single Frisian language, while others consider them to be three separate languages, as do their speakers. Of the three, especially the North Frisian language is further segmented into several strongly diverse dialects. ...

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Frisian language, Frisian language - Division, Frisian language - Speakers, Frisian language - Status, Frisian language - History, Frisian language - Old Frisian, Frisian language - Middle Frisian and New Frisian, Frisian language - Family tree

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Since 1956, West Frisian has an official status along with and equal to Dutch, in the province of Fryslân. It is used in many domains of Frisian society, among which are education, legislation, and administration. Although in the courts of law the Dutch language is still mainly used, in the province of Fryslân Frisians have the right to give evidence in their own language. Also, they can take the oath i ...

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West Frisian language, West Frisian language - Speakers, West Frisian language - Dialects, West Frisian language - History, West Frisian language - Old Frisian, West Frisian language - Middle Frisian and New Frisian, West Frisian language - Status

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Most speakers of West Frisian live in the province of Fryslân in the north of the Netherlands. This province was formerly called Friesland, but officially changed its name to Frisian Fryslân in 1997. The province has 643,000 inhabitants (2005); of these 94% can understand spoken Frisian, 74% can speak Frisian, 65% can read Frisian, and 17% can write it. For over half of the inhabitants of the province of Fryslân, 55% (c. 354,000 people), Frisian is the native tongue. In the central east, Frisian speakers spil over the province bord ...

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West Frisian language, West Frisian language - Speakers, West Frisian language - Dialects, West Frisian language - History, West Frisian language - Old Frisian, West Frisian language - Middle Frisian and New Frisian, West Frisian language - Status

Read more here: » West Frisian language: Encyclopedia II - West Frisian language - Speakers

The West Frisian language consists of eight mutually intelligible dialects, of which four are widely spoken and the other four are confined to small communities of less than a hundred to several hundreds of speakers. The least used dialect of West Frisian is Skiermûntseagersk, the island dialect of Schiermonnikoog (Frisian: Skiermûntseach), which is actually on the verge of extinction, spoken as it is by no more than 50-100 p ...

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West Frisian language, West Frisian language - Speakers, West Frisian language - Dialects, West Frisian language - History, West Frisian language - Old Frisian, West Frisian language - Middle Frisian and New Frisian, West Frisian language - Status

Read more here: » West Frisian language: Encyclopedia II - West Frisian language - Dialects

As a sample, here's English, according to British Received Pronunciation, followed by Standard American English, if different: US /hɛˈloʊ/ ...

See also:

List of common phrases in various languages, List of common phrases in various languages - English Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Armenian Armenian, List of common phrases in various languages - Afrikaans Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Albanian Albanian, List of common phrases in various languages - Arabic Semitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Bengali Indo-Aryan, List of common phrases in various languages - Basque, List of common phrases in various languages - Belarusian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Bosnian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Breton Celtic, List of common phrases in various languages - Bulgarian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Catalan Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese languages, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese Cantonese Sinitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese Mandarin Sinitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese Shanghainese Sinitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Chinese Min Nan / Taiwanese Sinitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Croatian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Czech Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Danish Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Usage Notes, List of common phrases in various languages - Dutch Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Old English Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Usage Note, List of common phrases in various languages - Esperanto international auxiliary language, List of common phrases in various languages - Estonian Finno-Ugric, List of common phrases in various languages - Finnish Finno-Ugric, List of common phrases in various languages - French Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Frisian Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Friulian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Galician Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Georgian Caucasian, List of common phrases in various languages - German Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Greek Greek, List of common phrases in various languages - Gujarati, List of common phrases in various languages - Haitian Creole Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Hawaiian Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Hebrew Semitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Hindi Indo-Iranian, List of common phrases in various languages - Hungarian Finno-Ugric, List of common phrases in various languages - Icelandic Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Indonesian Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Irish Celtic, List of common phrases in various languages - Italian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Japanese, List of common phrases in various languages - Kannada Dravidian, List of common phrases in various languages - Khmer, List of common phrases in various languages - Korean, List of common phrases in various languages - Kurdish Indo-Iranian, List of common phrases in various languages - Latin Italic, List of common phrases in various languages - Latvian Baltic, List of common phrases in various languages - Lithuanian Baltic, List of common phrases in various languages - Low German Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Macedonian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Maltese Semitic, List of common phrases in various languages - Malay Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Maori Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Malayalam Dravidian languages, List of common phrases in various languages - Marathi Indo-Iranian, List of common phrases in various languages - Nahuatl Uto-Aztecan, List of common phrases in various languages - Nigerian pidgin English-based pidgin, List of common phrases in various languages - Norwegian Germanic - Bokmål, List of common phrases in various languages - Norwegian Germanic - Nynorsk, List of common phrases in various languages - O'odham Uto-Aztecan, List of common phrases in various languages - Okinawan Japonic, List of common phrases in various languages - Pennsylvania German Pennsylvania Deutsch Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Pidgin Germanic Neo-Melanesian English creole, List of common phrases in various languages - Polish Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Portuguese Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Rivaansa, List of common phrases in various languages - Romanian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Russian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Sanskrit Indo-Iranian, List of common phrases in various languages - Sardinian Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Scots Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Scottish Gaelic Celtic, List of common phrases in various languages - Serbian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Slovak Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Slovene Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Spanish Romance, List of common phrases in various languages - Swahili Bantu, List of common phrases in various languages - Swedish Germanic, List of common phrases in various languages - Tagalog/Filipino Malayo-Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Tamil Dravidian, List of common phrases in various languages - Tatar Turkic, List of common phrases in various languages - Telugu Dravidian, List of common phrases in various languages - Turkish Turkic, List of common phrases in various languages - Ukrainian Slavic, List of common phrases in various languages - Vietnamese Austroasiatic, List of common phrases in various languages - Visayan/Filipino Malayo Polynesian, List of common phrases in various languages - Welsh Celtic, List of common phrases in various languages - Yoruba Benue-Congo

Read more here: » List of common phrases in various languages: Encyclopedia II - List of common phrases in various languages - English Germanic