comfort women - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Prostitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution - Socio-economic And Legal Status Of Prostitution
There is a significant range in the socioeconomic status of prostitutes in Western countries. At the low end, a significant number of pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea: Encyclopedia - Korea
Korea refers to South Korea and North Korea together, which were a unified country until 1948. It is situated on the Korean Peninsula in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prostitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution - Types Of Prostitution
Prostitution today occurs in various different settings. In street prostitution the prostitute solicits customers while waiting at stree...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prostitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution - Overview And Definitions
While prostitutes and their clients represent all sexes and all sexual orientations, the majority of clients are male. Prostitution is re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia - World War Ii
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prostitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution - History
Prostitution is often described as "the world's oldest profession". Prostitution (at least in the modern sense) cannot have emerged befor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prostitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution - How Common Is Prostitution?
According to the paper "Prostitution and the sex discrepancy in reported number of sexual partners", the number of full-time equivalent p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prostitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution - Medical Situation
Since prostitutes tend to have large numbers of sexual partners, prostitution has often been associated with the spread of sexually trans...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prostitution: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution - Politics
Prostitution - Legal issues. Roughly speaking, the possible attitudes are: abolition: "prostitution should be made to disappear" "pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prostitution In Japan: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution In Japan - History
As in all countries around the world, prostitution has been practiced in Japan since time immemorial. Shinto does not regard sex as a tab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Encyclopedia Ii - Pramoedya Ananta Toer - Early Years
Pramoedya was born in 1925, in the town of Blora in the heartland of Java, then a part of the Dutch East Indies. He was the firstborn son...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nanking Massacre: Encyclopedia Ii - Nanking Massacre - Historiography And Debate
Presently China and Japan have acknowledged the existence of war atrocities. However, disputes over the historical portrayal of events ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese War Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese War Crimes - Post-1945 Reactions
Japanese war crimes - The Tokyo Trials. The Tokyo Trials, which were conducted by the Allied powers, found many people guilty of such c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Responses Of Germany And Japan To World War Ii Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Responses Of Germany And Japan To World War Ii Crimes - Japan
Japan has also attempted to make up for its role in World War II. Japan established a private consolation fund for comfort women who clai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Nomenclature
In Chinese, the war is most commonly known as the War of Resistance Against Japan (Traditional: 抗日戰爭; Simplified: 抗日战争; H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sexual Slavery: Encyclopedia Ii - Sexual Slavery - Modern-day Sexual Slavery
Sexual slavery - Forced prostitution. Forced prostitution is a form of sexual slavery that is often directed at immigrants to Western a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Nomenclature
In Chinese, the war is most commonly known as the War of Resistance Against Japan (Traditional Chinese: 抗日戰爭; Simplified Chinese:...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Chronology
Main articles: European Theatre of World War II, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II, Pacific War, End of World War II in Europe World...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Chronology
Main articles: European Theatre of World War II, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II, Pacific War, End of World War II in Europe World...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sexual Slavery: Encyclopedia Ii - Sexual Slavery - Modern-day Sexual Slavery
Sexual slavery - Forced prostitution. Forced prostitution is a form of sexual slavery that is often directed at immigrants to Western a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea Under Japanese Rule: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea Under Japanese Rule - Background
Gojoseon, Jin Proto-Three Kingdoms:  Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye  Samhan, Gaya Three Kingdoms:  Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla Unified S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese War Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese War Crimes - Post-1945 Reactions
Japanese war crimes - The Tokyo Trials. Main article: International Military Tribunal for the Far East The Tokyo Trials, which were c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea - History
Main article: History of Korea Gojoseon, Jin Proto-Three Kingdoms:  Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye  Samhan, Gaya Three Kingdoms:  Go...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea Under Japanese Rule: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea Under Japanese Rule - Background
Gojoseon, Jin Proto-Three Kingdoms:  Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye  Samhan, Gaya Three Kingdoms:  Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla Unified S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Chronology
Main articles: European Theatre of World War II, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II, Pacific War, End of World War II in Europe World...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Revisionism Political: Encyclopedia Ii - Historical Revisionism Political - Examples
Historical revisionism political - Denial of Armenian genocide. Refusing to recognize the existence of the Armenian genocide, Turkey ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Revisionism Political: Encyclopedia Ii - Historical Revisionism Political - Examples
Historical revisionism political - Denial of Armenian genocide. Refusing to recognize the existence of the Armenian genocide, Turkey ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese-korean Relations: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese-korean Relations - Japan
Foreign relations of Japan Foreign policy Economic relations Development assistance Australia China France Germany Korea Oceania Phili...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Number Of Troops Involved
Second Sino-Japanese War - National Revolutionary Army. Main article: National Revolutionary Army The NRA had approximately 4,300,000...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Stalemate And Foreign Aid
Most military analysts predicted that the Kuomintang could not continue fighting with most of the war factories located in the prosperous...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Chinese And Japanese Equipment
Second Sino-Japanese War - The National Revolutionary Army. The National Revolutionary Army possessed 80 Army infantry divisions with a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Chinese Strategy
Unlike Japan, China was unprepared for total war and had little military industrial strength, few mechanized divisions, and virtually no ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Resistance
Resistance during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese-korean Relations: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese-korean Relations - South Korea
Korea is geographically close, yet emotionally distant from Japan. Given the historical relationship between the two countries, the parad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese-korean Relations: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese-korean Relations - North Korea
Until the late 1980s, North Korea's post-World War II policy toward Japan was mainly aimed at minimizing cooperation between Japan and So...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Technologies
[8]The massive research and development demands of the war, including the Manhattan Project's efforts to quickly develop the atomic bomb,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - The Pacific War
Within a few days of the attack on Pearl Harbor, both the United States and China officially declared war against Japan. Chiang Kai-shek ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - The Home Fronts
Home front is the name given to the activities of the civilians in a state of total war. In the United Kingdom, women joined the work for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Aftermath
World War II - Casualties. Main article: World War II casualties At least 60 million people lost their lives in World War II —about...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Invasion Of China
Most historians place the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War on the Battle of Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge Incident) on July 7,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Responses Of Germany And Japan To World War Ii Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Responses Of Germany And Japan To World War Ii Crimes - Japan In Detail
Responses of Germany and Japan to World War II crimes - War Criminal And Yasukuni. Perhaps the most controversial aspect of postwar Jap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Resistance
Resistance during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Participants
The belligerents of the Second World War are usually considered to belong to either of the two blocs: the Axis and the Allies. A number o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Causes
Main articles: Causes of World War II, Events preceding World War II in Europe, and Events preceding World War II in Asia [2]The causes o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - The Home Fronts
Home front is the name given to the activities of the civilians in a state of total war. In the United Kingdom, women joined the work for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Technologies
[8]The massive research and development demands of the war, including the Manhattan Project's efforts to quickly develop the atomic bomb,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Resistance
Resistance during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Aftermath
World War II - Casualties. Main article: World War II casualties At least 60 million people lost their lives in World War II —about...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Civilian Impact & Atrocities
The Second World War saw large-scale atrocities aimed against the civilian populations of many of the nations involved. Germany killed be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sexual Slavery: Encyclopedia Ii - Sexual Slavery - Sexual Slavery In The Past
Sexual slavery - Sexual slavery in North America. In the mid-19th century in the U.S., there was a white slavery scare which suggested ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Encyclopedia Ii - Pramoedya Ananta Toer - Release And Subsequent Works
Pramoedya was released from imprisonment in 1979, but remained under house arrest in Jakarta until 1992. During this time he wrote The Gi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Who Really Fought The Sino-japanese War?
The question as to which political group directed the Chinese war effort and exerted most of the effort to resist the Japanese still rema...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Legacy
To this day the war is a major point of contention between (both People's Republic and Republic of) China and Japan. A small but vocal gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Aftermath
As of mid 1945, all sides expected the war to continue for at least another year. However it was suddenly ended after the dropping of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Major Figures
China: Nationalist Bai Chongxi (白崇禧) Chen Cheng (陳誠,陈诚) Chiang Kai-Shek (蔣介石,蒋介石) Du Yuming (杜聿明) Fang X...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Campaigns
Second Sino-Japanese War - Battles. Battle of Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge Incident) Battle of Shanghai Battle of Nanjing (also kno...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Encyclopedia Ii - Pramoedya Ananta Toer - Imprisonment Under Suharto
In the first years after the independence struggle, a wave of anti-communist and anti-Chinese fervor came to a head with the assassinatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Encyclopedia Ii - Pramoedya Ananta Toer - Prominence Post-independence
In the first years after the independence struggle, Pramoedya wrote several works of fiction dealing with the problems of the newly found...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Responses Of Germany And Japan To World War Ii Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Responses Of Germany And Japan To World War Ii Crimes - Germany
Germany's response to its war crimes has been largely lauded by the former Allies. The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany (Wes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Casualties Assessment
The conflict lasted for 97 months and 3 days (measured from 1937 to 1945). Second Sino-Japanese War - Chinese Casualties. The Kuominta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Major Figures
China: Nationalist Bai Chongxi (白崇禧) Chen Cheng (陳誠,陈诚) Chiang Kai-Shek (蔣介石,蒋介石) Du Yuming (杜聿明) Fang X...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nanking Massacre: Encyclopedia Ii - Nanking Massacre - Japanese Atrocities Begin
Eyewitness accounts from the period state that over the course of six weeks following the fall of Nanking, Japanese troops engaged in an ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nanking Massacre: Encyclopedia Ii - Nanking Massacre - Events Leading To The Massacre
Following the Mukden Incident in 1931, Japan began its invasion of Manchuria, China. Because the Communists and the Kuomintang (KMT) were...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese War Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese War Crimes - Background
Japanese war crimes - Japanese military culture and imperialism. Military culture, especially during Japan's imperialist phase had grea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nanking Massacre: Encyclopedia Ii - Nanking Massacre - Death Toll Estimates
There is debate as to the extent of the war atrocities in Nanking, especially regarding estimates of the death toll. The issues involved ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prostitution In Japan: Encyclopedia Ii - Prostitution In Japan - Terms
Many terms have been and are used for the sex industry in Japan. Baishun (売春), literally "selling spring", has turned from a mere eup...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Resistance
Main article: Resistance during World War II Resistance during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ran...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Participants
Main article: Participants in World War II The belligerents of the Second World War are usually considered to belong to either of the two...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Causes
Main articles: Causes of World War II, Events preceding World War II in Europe, Events preceding World War II in Asia [2]The causes of Wo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese War Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese War Crimes - Definitions
There are differences from one country to another regarding the definition of Japanese war crimes. Japanese war crimes - Japanese defini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea Under Japanese Rule: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea Under Japanese Rule - Controversy Over The Nature Of The Japanese Rule
The nature of the Japanese rule of Korea, especially its role in contribution to the modernization of the Korean penninsula, is a topic o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea - Geography
Korea is located on the Korean Peninsula in North-East Asia. It is bound by two countries and three seas. To the northwest, the Yalu Rive...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea - Culture And Philosophy
Main article: Culture of Korea During the 7th and 8th centuries, land and sea trading networks connected Korea and Arabia. Koreans used w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea - Names Of Korea
Main article: Names of Korea "Korea" derives from the Goryeo/Koryŏ (고려) period of Korean history, which in turn referred to the anci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea - Korea In Sporting Events
South Korea hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, giving the country an economic boost through increased tourism and greater world re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea Under Japanese Rule: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea Under Japanese Rule - Annexation Of Korea
On August 22, 1910, Korea was annexed by Japan under a Governor-General of Korea with the Korea-Japan Annexation Treaty signed under dure...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea Under Japanese Rule: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea Under Japanese Rule - Koreans And The Japanese Imperial Army
Starting in 1938, Koreans located in Korea were allowed to volunteer for the Japanese military and the first Korean Voluntary Unit was fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea Under Japanese Rule: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea Under Japanese Rule - Politics And Culture
Residents of the Korean peninsula, whether ethnic Korean or Japanese, did not have the right to vote or right to hold office in Japan's H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea Under Japanese Rule: Encyclopedia Ii - Korea Under Japanese Rule - Economy
Modern transport and communication networks were established across the nation in order to facilitate industrial exploitation and mining ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - The Home Fronts
Main article: Home Front during World War II Home front is the name given to the activities of the civilians in a state of total war. In ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Technologies
Main article: Technology during World War II [8]The massive research and development demands of the war, including the Manhattan Project'...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Campaigns
Second Sino-Japanese War - Battles. Battle of Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge Incident) Battle of Shanghai Battle of Nanjing (also kno...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Who Really Fought The Sino-japanese War?
The question as to which political group directed the Chinese war effort and exerted most of the effort to resist the Japanese still rema...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Legacy
To this day the war is a major point of contention between (both People's Republic and Republic of) China and Japan. A small but vocal gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sexual Slavery: Encyclopedia Ii - Sexual Slavery - Sexual Slavery In The Past
Sexual slavery - Sexual slavery in North America. In the mid-19th century in the U.S., there was a white slavery scare which suggested ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese War Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese War Crimes - Definitions
There are differences from one country to another regarding the definition of Japanese war crimes. Japanese war crimes - Japanese defini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Causes
Main articles: Causes of World War II, Events preceding World War II in Europe, and Events preceding World War II in Asia [2]The causes o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese War Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese War Crimes - War Crimes
Japanese war crimes - Mass killings. The sheer number of deaths caused by the Japanese military during the 1930s and 1940s means that i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese War Crimes: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese War Crimes - Background
Japanese war crimes - Japanese military culture and imperialism. Military culture, especially during Japan's imperialist phase had grea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Aftermath
As of mid 1945, all sides expected the war to continue for at least another year. However it was suddenly ended after the dropping of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Casualties Assessment
The conflict lasted for 97 months and 3 days (measured from 1937 to 1945). Second Sino-Japanese War - Chinese Casualties. The Kuominta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Invasion Of China
Most historians place the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War on the Battle of Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge Incident) on July 7,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Aftermath
Main article: Effects of World War II World War II - Casualties. Main article: World War II casualties At least 60 million people lost ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Civilian Impact & Atrocities
The Second World War saw large-scale atrocities aimed against the civilian populations of many of the nations involved. Germany killed be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Chinese Strategy
Unlike Japan, China was unprepared for war and had little military industrial strength, few mechanized divisions, and virtually no armor ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Number Of Troops Involved
Second Sino-Japanese War - National Revolutionary Army. Main article: National Revolutionary Army The NRA had approximately 4,300,000...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - The Pacific War
Within a few days of the attack on Pearl Harbor, both the United States and China officially declared war against Japan. Chiang Kai-shek ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Stalemate And Foreign Aid
Most military analysts predicted that the Kuomintang could not continue fighting with most of the war factories located in the prosperous...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Sino-japanese War: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Sino-japanese War - Chinese And Japanese Equipment
The National Revolutionary Army possessed 80 Army infantry divisions with approximately 8,000 men each, nine independent brigades, nine c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii - Participants
The belligerents of the Second World War are usually considered to belong to either of the two blocs: the Axis and the Allies. A number o...   » Read the article