comets

Retrograde motion should not be confused with retrogradation. The latter term is used in reference to the motion of the outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, and Pluto). Though these planets appear to move from east to west on a nightly basis in response to the spin of Earth, they are most of the time drifting slowly eastward with respect to the background of stars, which can be observed by noting the position of these planets for several nights in a row. This motion is normal for these planets, so it is called dir ...

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Prograde and retrograde motion, Prograde and retrograde motion - Two notations, Prograde and retrograde motion - Retrograde orbits, Prograde and retrograde motion - Retrograde rotation, Prograde and retrograde motion - Retrogradation or apparent retrograde motion, Prograde and retrograde motion - Examples, Prograde and retrograde motion - Reference

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Though several flags of the Soviet Union and the United States have been symbolically planted on the moon, the Russian and U.S. governments make no claims to any part of the Moon's surface. Russia and the U.S. are party to the Outer Space Treaty, which places the Moon under the same jurisdiction as international waters (res communis). This treaty also restricts use of the Moon to peaceful purposes, explicitly banning weapons of mass destruction (including nuclear weapons) and military installations of any kind. A second treaty, the Moon Trea ...

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Moon, Moon - The two sides of the Moon, Moon - Orbit, Moon - Earth & Moon, Moon - Tidal Effects, Moon - Double-planet hypotheses, Moon - Origin and history, Moon - Physical characteristics, Moon - Composition, Moon - Selenography, Moon - Presence of water, Moon - Magnetic field, Moon - Atmosphere, Moon - Eclipses, Moon - Occultation of stars, Moon - Observation of the Moon, Moon - Exploration of the Moon, Moon - Human understanding of the Moon, Moon - Myth and folk culture, Moon - The Moon as muse, Moon - Astrology, Moon - Scientific understanding, Moon - Meteor impact on the Moon, Moon - Legal status, Moon - Satellites, Moon - Surface installations, Moon - Lunar location listings

Read more here: » Moon: Encyclopedia II - Moon - Legal status

The spacecraft has the shape of an octagonal prism, approximately 1.7 m on a side, with four fixed gallium arsenide solar panels in a windmill arrangement, a fixed 1.5 m X-band high-gain radio antenna with a magnetometer mounted on the antenna feed, and an X-ray solar monitor on one end (the forward deck), with the other instruments fixed on the opposite end (the aft deck). Most electronics are mounted on the inside of th ...

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NEAR Shoemaker, NEAR Shoemaker - Mission profile, NEAR Shoemaker - Summary, NEAR Shoemaker - The journey to Eros, NEAR Shoemaker - Failure of first attempt at orbital insertion, NEAR Shoemaker - Orbital insertion, NEAR Shoemaker - Orbits and landing, NEAR Shoemaker - Spacecraft and subsystems, NEAR Shoemaker - Reference

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Orbiter has attracted a sizable number of people centered around several forums and repositiories. While the source is not editable, an extensive API enables Orbiter users to contribute by creating add-ons. Many spacecraft are available for download as add-ons, ranging from the Soviet Vostok spacecraft to Apollo. Add-ons are also available for new bases, MFDs, space stations, planets, and even other solar systems. With this unique simulator, space enthusiasts are able to re-create with historical accuracy everything from Project Mercury a ...

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Orbiter sim, Orbiter sim - About the simulator, Orbiter sim - Included spacecraft, Orbiter sim - Orbiter add-ons, Orbiter sim - Reviews

Read more here: » Orbiter sim: Encyclopedia II - Orbiter sim - Orbiter add-ons

A refracting telescope is an instrument that is constituted of one or several lenses and that focuses the luminous rays toward one point called focus. The role of the eyepiece situated after the focus is to shape the picture so that it is visible for the eyes as well as to enlarge this one. A good refracting telescope is an instrument that one retains all his or her life, even after the acquisition of a bigger telescope. The refracting telescope, by its reduced opening (therefore little luminous), is especially adapted to the observat ...

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Skygazing, Skygazing - Naked eye skygazing, Skygazing - Diurnal observation, Skygazing - Nocturnal observation, Skygazing - Binocular gazing, Skygazing - Choice of binoculars, Skygazing - Advice on observational techniques, Skygazing - Observations with a refracting telescope, Skygazing - Choice of the refracting telescope, Skygazing - Advice of usage, Skygazing - The observation with a reflecting telescope, Skygazing - Types of reflecting telescope

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Cysat observed the full lunar eclipse of 1620. He served as rector at the Jesuit College in Lucerne from 1624 to 1627. After a stay in Spain in 1627, he returned to Ingolstadt in 1630 and served as rector in Innsbruck in 1637 and Eichstatt in 1646. Johann Kepler visited Cysat in Ingolstadt, but only one letter of their correspondence, dated February 23, 1621, survives. On November 7, 1631, Cysat observed the partial coverage of the sun by the planet Mercury (Merkurdurchgang) predicted by Kepler. Cysat subsequently returned to his ho ...

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Johann Baptist Cysat, Johann Baptist Cysat - Cysat and Comets, Johann Baptist Cysat - Other work, Johann Baptist Cysat - Sources

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Carl Sagan, the astronomer and popularizer of science, proposed the planetary engineering of Venus in a 1961 article published in the journal Science entitled, "The Planet Venus". Sagan imagined seeding the atmosphere of Venus with algae, which would remove carbon dioxide and reduce the greenhouse effect until surface temperatures dropped to "comfortable" levels. Later discoveries about the conditions on Venus made this particular approach impossible since Venus has too much atmosphere to process and sequester. Even if atmospheric alg ...

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Terraforming, Terraforming - History of scholarly study, Terraforming - Ethical issues, Terraforming - Theoretical methods of terraforming, Terraforming - Mars, Terraforming - Venus, Terraforming - Other worlds, Terraforming - Paraterraforming, Terraforming - In fiction, Terraforming - Prose, Terraforming - Television and film, Terraforming - Miscellanea

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Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.2 billion years ago. Australian National University research has shown the effects of a group of 20 km - 50 km asteroids that hit Earth approx 3.2 billion years ago. Asteroid deflection strategies - 65 million years ago wiped out dinosaurs. Dinosaur extinction was caused by an asteroid at least six miles (10 kilometers) wide, striking the Yucatan peninsula of what ultimately became Mexico, creating the Chicxulub Crater. In addition to the dino ...

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Asteroid deflection strategies, Asteroid deflection strategies - Early detection, Asteroid deflection strategies - Popular strategies, Asteroid deflection strategies - Nuclear weapons, Asteroid deflection strategies - Detonating Internally, Asteroid deflection strategies - Kinetic impact, Asteroid deflection strategies - Slow deflection, Asteroid deflection strategies - Other proposals, Asteroid deflection strategies - Planetary Defense Timeline, Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.2 billion years ago, Asteroid deflection strategies - 65 million years ago wiped out dinosaurs, Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.3 million years ago, Asteroid deflection strategies - 5000 years ago in Arizona, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1972 through Earth atmosphere, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1989 missed by 6 hours, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1991 within 1/2 the distance to Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2002 within 1/3 distance to Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2014 visitor, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2019 February fly by, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2029 near miss, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2085 Comet Catalina ETA, Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction, Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction

Read more here: » Asteroid deflection strategies: Encyclopedia II - Asteroid deflection strategies - Planetary Defense Timeline

Related article: Environmental ethics There is a philosophical debate within biology and ecology as to whether terraforming other worlds is an ethical endeavor. On the pro-terraforming side of the argument, there are those like Robert Zubrin and Richard L. S. Taylor who say that it is humanity's moral obligation to make as much of the universe suitable for human life as possible; this argument is an example of homocentrism. Taylor's slogan, "Move ove ...

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Terraforming, Terraforming - History of scholarly study, Terraforming - Ethical issues, Terraforming - Theoretical methods of terraforming, Terraforming - Mars, Terraforming - Venus, Terraforming - Other worlds, Terraforming - Paraterraforming, Terraforming - In fiction, Terraforming - Prose, Terraforming - Television and film, Terraforming - Miscellanea

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Any deflection effort would require the object in question to be identified years in advance of the projected impact, allowing for expenditure of sufficient time and resources to build a slow-pusher device or an explosive device unlike any currently existing. Don Yeomans, manager of NASA's Near Earth Object Monitoring program, said that 10 years or more of advance warning would be needed for it to be pract ...

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Asteroid deflection strategies, Asteroid deflection strategies - Early detection, Asteroid deflection strategies - Popular strategies, Asteroid deflection strategies - Nuclear weapons, Asteroid deflection strategies - Detonating Internally, Asteroid deflection strategies - Kinetic impact, Asteroid deflection strategies - Slow deflection, Asteroid deflection strategies - Other proposals, Asteroid deflection strategies - Planetary Defense Timeline, Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.2 billion years ago, Asteroid deflection strategies - 65 million years ago wiped out dinosaurs, Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.3 million years ago, Asteroid deflection strategies - 5000 years ago in Arizona, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1972 through Earth atmosphere, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1989 missed by 6 hours, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1991 within 1/2 the distance to Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2002 within 1/3 distance to Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2014 visitor, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2019 February fly by, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2029 near miss, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2085 Comet Catalina ETA, Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction, Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction

Read more here: » Asteroid deflection strategies: Encyclopedia II - Asteroid deflection strategies - Early detection

Asteroid or comet impacts are a common subgenre of disaster fiction, and such stories typically feature some attempt - successful or unsuccessful - to prevent the catastrophe. Most involve trying to destroy or explosively redirect an object, perhaps understandably from the direction of dramatic interest. Science Fiction authors Charles Sheffield and Arthur C. Clarke (Sunstorm) have also written of a "cosmic bullet" extraterrestial intelligence threat consisting of a projectile aimed at our sun at near light speed. In the openin ...

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Asteroid deflection strategies, Asteroid deflection strategies - Early detection, Asteroid deflection strategies - Popular strategies, Asteroid deflection strategies - Nuclear weapons, Asteroid deflection strategies - Detonating internally, Asteroid deflection strategies - Kinetic impact, Asteroid deflection strategies - Slow deflection, Asteroid deflection strategies - Other proposals, Asteroid deflection strategies - Planetary defense timeline, Asteroid deflection strategies - Formation of Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.2 billion years ago, Asteroid deflection strategies - 65 million years ago wiped out dinosaurs, Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.3 million years ago, Asteroid deflection strategies - 50000 years ago in Arizona, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1972 through Earth atmosphere, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1989 missed by 6 hours, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1991 within 1/2 the distance to Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2002 within 1/3 distance to Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2014 visitor, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2019 February fly by, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2029 near miss, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2085 Comet Catalina ETA, Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction, Asteroid deflection strategies - See Fiction

Read more here: » Asteroid deflection strategies: Encyclopedia II - Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction

Moon - Myth and folk culture. Moon - The Moon as muse. The Moon has been the subject of many works of art and literature and the inspiration for countless others. Moon - Astrology. Moon - Scientific understanding. A 5,000 year old rock carving at Knowth, Ireland may represent the ...

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Moon, Moon - The two sides, Moon - Orbit, Moon - Earth & Moon, Moon - Origin and history, Moon - Physical characteristics, Moon - Composition, Moon - Selenography, Moon - Presence of water, Moon - Magnetic field, Moon - Atmosphere, Moon - Eclipses, Moon - Occultation of stars, Moon - Observation of the Moon, Moon - Exploration of the Moon, Moon - Human understanding of the Moon, Moon - Myth and folk culture, Moon - The Moon as muse, Moon - Astrology, Moon - Scientific understanding, Moon - Meteor impact on the Moon, Moon - Legal status, Moon - Satellites, Moon - Surface installations, Moon - Lunar location listings

Read more here: » Moon: Encyclopedia II - Moon - Human understanding of the Moon

Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10100 years until 10150 years. The remaining black holes evaporate: first the small ones, and then the supermassive black holes. All matter that used to make up the stars and galaxies has now degenerated into photons. Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10150 years until the Distant Future. The Universe now reaches extreme low-energy state. What happens after this is spe ...

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Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 10⁶ to 10¹⁴ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 10¹⁴ to 10⁴⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 10⁴⁰ years to 10¹⁰⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10¹⁰⁰ years until 10¹⁵⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10¹⁵⁰ years until the Distant Future

Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe

Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 106 to 1014 years. Hydrogen nuclei (protons) capture electrons, forming the first atoms. By now the Universe has created all the matter it will create and the resulting primordial hydrogen and helium are already clumping into primordial galaxies and quasars. Big Bang Era ends as we mov ...

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Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 10⁶ to 10¹⁴ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 10¹⁴ to 10⁴⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 10⁴⁰ years to 10¹⁰⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10¹⁰⁰ years until 10¹⁵⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10¹⁵⁰ years until the Distant Future

Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation

Asteroid or comet impacts are a common subgenre of disaster fiction, and such stories typically feature some attempt - successful or unsuccessful - to prevent the catastrophe. Most involve trying to destroy or explosively redirect an object, perhaps understandably from the direction of dramatic interest. Science Fiction authors Charles Sheffield and Arthur C. Clarke (Sunstorm) have also written of a "cosmic bullet" extraterrestial intelligence threat consis ...

See also:

Asteroid deflection strategies, Asteroid deflection strategies - Early detection, Asteroid deflection strategies - Popular strategies, Asteroid deflection strategies - Nuclear weapons, Asteroid deflection strategies - Detonating Internally, Asteroid deflection strategies - Kinetic impact, Asteroid deflection strategies - Slow deflection, Asteroid deflection strategies - Other proposals, Asteroid deflection strategies - Planetary Defense Timeline, Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.2 billion years ago, Asteroid deflection strategies - 65 million years ago wiped out dinosaurs, Asteroid deflection strategies - 3.3 million years ago, Asteroid deflection strategies - 5000 years ago in Arizona, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1908 Tunguska event in Siberia, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1972 through Earth atmosphere, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1989 missed by 6 hours, Asteroid deflection strategies - 1991 within 1/2 the distance to Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2002 within 1/3 distance to Moon, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2014 visitor, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2019 February fly by, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2029 near miss, Asteroid deflection strategies - 2085 Comet Catalina ETA, Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction, Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction

Read more here: » Asteroid deflection strategies: Encyclopedia II - Asteroid deflection strategies - Fiction

Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip. This scenario is possible only if dark energy increases over time as the Universe expands. It's highly speculative since dark energy is poorly understood and it's questionable if it varies over time to such a degree that it causes every atom in the Universe to tear apart from the inside out. The summary of the theory goes that given enough time, not only do galaxies race away from each other but eventually so do stars, then planets, and eventually atoms and als ...

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Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 10⁶ to 10¹⁴ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 10¹⁴ to 10⁴⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 10⁴⁰ years to 10¹⁰⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10¹⁰⁰ years until 10¹⁵⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10¹⁵⁰ years until the Distant Future

Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios

Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 1014 to 1040 years. Stellar formation stops, leaving matter to decay over a very long period of time. The hydrogen fuel used for fusion by stars will be eventually depleted, leaving all matter in the Universe in a compact state populated by the following objects after all stars burn out: Planets and planetoids (this category includes asteroids, comets, brown dwarfs, etc.) brown dwarfs < ...

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Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 10⁶ to 10¹⁴ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 10¹⁴ to 10⁴⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 10⁴⁰ years to 10¹⁰⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10¹⁰⁰ years until 10¹⁵⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10¹⁵⁰ years until the Distant Future

Read more here: » Timeline of the Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe

Also known as the "worldhouse" concept, paraterraforming involves the construction of a habitable enclosure on a planet which eventually grows to encompass most of the planet's usable area. The enclosure would consist of a transparent roof held one or more kilometers above the surface, pressurized with a breathable atmosphere, and anchored with tension towers and cables at regular intervals. Proponents claim worldhouses can be c ...

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Terraforming, Terraforming - History of scholarly study, Terraforming - Ethical issues, Terraforming - Theoretical methods of terraforming, Terraforming - Mars, Terraforming - Venus, Terraforming - Other worlds, Terraforming - Paraterraforming, Terraforming - In fiction, Terraforming - Prose, Terraforming - Television and film, Terraforming - Miscellanea

Read more here: » Terraforming: Encyclopedia II - Terraforming - Paraterraforming

Terraforming - Prose. The term first appeared in a science-fiction novel, Seetee Shock (1949) by Jack Williamson, but the concept pre-dates that work. Olaf Stapledon's Last and First Men (1930) provides an example in fiction in which Venus is modified, after a long and destructive war with the original inhabitants, who naturally object to the process. Even earlier, H. G. Wells alludes to xeno-terraforming - alien life altering Earth for their own benefit - in his 1898 novel The War of the Worlds. When the Martians arrive they bring with them a red weed that spreads an ...

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Terraforming, Terraforming - History of scholarly study, Terraforming - Ethical issues, Terraforming - Theoretical methods of terraforming, Terraforming - Mars, Terraforming - Venus, Terraforming - Other worlds, Terraforming - Paraterraforming, Terraforming - In fiction, Terraforming - Prose, Terraforming - Television and film, Terraforming - Miscellanea

Read more here: » Terraforming: Encyclopedia II - Terraforming - In fiction

Computer models of planetary formation suggest that terrestrial planets would be able to form close to both Alpha Centauri A and B, but that gas giant planets similar to our Jupiter and Saturn would not be able to form because of the binary stars' gravitational effects. Given the similarities in star type, age and stability of the orbits it has been suggested that this solar system may hold one of the best possibilities for extraterrestrial life. However, some astronomers have speculated that any terrestrial planets in the Alpha Centauri sys ...

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Alpha Centauri, Alpha Centauri - Names, Alpha Centauri - System components, Alpha Centauri - Possibility of planet formation, Alpha Centauri - Sky appearance from Alpha Centauri, Alpha Centauri - Apparent movement, Alpha Centauri - Alpha Centauri in fiction

Read more here: » Alpha Centauri: Encyclopedia II - Alpha Centauri - Possibility of planet formation

Awards Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1968) Bruce Medal (1970) Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1971) Royal Medal (1974) Klumpke-Roberts Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (1977) Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, with Edwin Salpeter (1997) Named after himSee also:

Fred Hoyle, Fred Hoyle - Contribution to cosmogony, Fred Hoyle - Rejection of the big bang, Fred Hoyle - Media appearances and scientific honours, Fred Hoyle - Rejection of chemical evolution, Fred Hoyle - Other controversies, Fred Hoyle - Honours, Fred Hoyle - Fiction works, Fred Hoyle - Non-fiction works

Read more here: » Fred Hoyle: Encyclopedia II - Fred Hoyle - Honours

The system used previous to 1995 was complex. The year was followed by a space and then a Roman numeral in most cases, but difficulties always arose when an object needed to be placed between previous discoveries. For example, after Comet 1990 III and Comet 1990 IV might be reported, an object discovered in between the discovery dates couldn't be designated Comet 1990 III 1/2. More commonly comets were known by the discover's name and the year. The system since 1995 follows the provisional designation of asteroids. For comets, the pro ...

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Provisional designation in astronomy, Provisional designation in astronomy - Asteroids, Provisional designation in astronomy - Historical designations, Provisional designation in astronomy - Genesis of the current system, Provisional designation in astronomy - Later refinements, Provisional designation in astronomy - Examples, Provisional designation in astronomy - Comets, Provisional designation in astronomy - Satellites of planets, Provisional designation in astronomy - Asteroid moons

Read more here: » Provisional designation in astronomy: Encyclopedia II - Provisional designation in astronomy - Comets