Coloured

History of South Africa - Rewriting history. Following the elections, focus turned to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1994–1999), which worked to expose crimes of the apartheid era under the dictum of Archbishop Desmond Tutu: "Without forgiveness there is no future, but without confession there can be no forgiveness." Many stories of horrific brutality and injustice were heard by the commission, offering some ca ...

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History of South Africa, History of South Africa - Pre-Colonisation, History of South Africa - Prehistory, History of South Africa - Bantu expansion, History of South Africa - Colonisation, History of South Africa - European expeditions, History of South Africa - The Dutch settle in, History of South Africa - Burghers meet the bush, History of South Africa - British at the Cape, History of South Africa - Difaqane and destruction, History of South Africa - The Great Trek, History of South Africa - A river runs red, History of South Africa - Independent South Africa, History of South Africa - The Boer republics, History of South Africa - The Anglo-Boer Wars, History of South Africa - Peace and unity?, History of South Africa - Prelude to apartheid, History of South Africa - Apartheid era, History of South Africa - Post-apartheid, History of South Africa - Rewriting history, History of South Africa - Free elections: Round two, History of South Africa - Into the future, History of South Africa - Notes

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During the apartheid era, Johannesburg was divided into 11 local authorities, seven of which were white and four black or Coloured. The white authorities were 90 percent self-sufficient from property tax and other local taxes, and spent Rand 600 (USD $93) per person, while the black authorities were only ten percent self-sufficient, spending Rand 100 (USD $15) per person. The first post-apartheid City Council was created in 1995. The council adopted the slogan "One City, One Taxpayer" in order to highlight its primary goal of addressi ...

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Johannesburg, Johannesburg - History, Johannesburg - Government, Johannesburg - Crime, Johannesburg - Geography and climate, Johannesburg - Demographics, Johannesburg - Economy, Johannesburg - Communications and media, Johannesburg - Suburbs, Johannesburg - Tourism, Johannesburg - Sports teams and stadiums, Johannesburg - Transport, Johannesburg - Universities in Johannesburg

Read more here: » Johannesburg: Encyclopedia II - Johannesburg - Government

The National Party government implemented, alongside apartheid, a program of social conservatism. Certain edgy movies, gambling and other vices were totally banned. At the same time, it instituted the International Freedom Foundation, which funded such movies as Jack Abramoff's Red Scorpion. Printed or filmed pornography (of even the mildest variety) was banned and possession of such was punishable by incarceration. Television was not introduced until 1976 because it was viewed as immoral by the authorities. Even after the in ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in South Africa from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced Removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black White Indian and coloured, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the Pan African Congress, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Black Consciousness Movement and the Soweto riots, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

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South Africa officially took possession of South-West Africa after it was conquered from the Germans during World War I. Following the war, the Treaty of Versailles declared the territory to be a League of Nations Mandate under South African administration. South Africa formally excluded Walvis Bay from the mandate and annexed it as an enclave. The Mandate was supposed to become a United Nations Trust Territory when League of Nations Mandates were transferred to the United Nations (UN) following World War II, but the Union of South Africa re ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in South Africa from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced Removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black White Indian and coloured, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the Pan African Congress, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Black Consciousness Movement and the Soweto riots, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

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Since the dawn of recorded history humans have tried to classify each other with various descriptive names in an attempt to organize their environment. The Ancient hebrews used the word "Kushim" from the Egyptian "K'sh" as a specific label of identifying people from Africa who were of naturally dark complexion [1]. It is difficult to discern whether this label was originally applied merely to skin tone or if it considered the regional or ethnic identity of groups. This is because ancient cultures did not usually associate skin tone with grou ...

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Black people, Black people - The Concept of Blackness Created Through Colonialism, Black people - Usage differs among former European colonies, Black people - Former Iberian colonies do not use the label to denote groups, Black people - Former British colonies apply the label to anyone darker than Europeans, Black people - U.S. society equates the label with African-American ethnicity, Black people - Who is Black?, Black people - Who is a descendant of the African Diaspora?, Black people - Who self-identifies as Black in an ethno-political but not ancestral sense?, Black people - Who looks Black?², Black people - Footnotes, Black people - Groups

Read more here: » Black people: Encyclopedia II - Black people - The Concept of Blackness Created Through Colonialism

There are subtle differences among former colonial cultures in how the term is used. Once-colonial cultures, such as the Spanish and Portuguese, that lacked an endogamous barrier between the descendants of Europeans and the descendants of Africans seldom use the term as an ethno-racial label. Those with weak or three-caste endogamous barriers, such as the French, Dutch, and British distinguish between Black and Coloured. The only land with a single two-caste color line, the United States, uses the term to denote a voluntary ethnic self-identity. Black p ...

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Black people, Black people - The Concept of Blackness Created Through Colonialism, Black people - Usage differs among former European colonies, Black people - Former Iberian colonies do not use the label to denote groups, Black people - Former British colonies apply the label to anyone darker than Europeans, Black people - U.S. society equates the label with African-American ethnicity, Black people - Who is Black?, Black people - Who is a descendant of the African Diaspora?, Black people - Who self-identifies as Black in an ethno-political but not ancestral sense?, Black people - Who looks Black?², Black people - Footnotes, Black people - Groups

Read more here: » Black people: Encyclopedia II - Black people - Usage differs among former European colonies

Since the overthrow of apartheid in 1994, many white South Africans, and Afrikaners in particular, felt alienated by black rule and the ANC's government, and feared that the racist violence in Zimbabwe would spill into the country. In particular, many people had concerns about the rising wave of crime across the country. In the month leading up to the bombings, sixteen members of the Boeremag, a militant far-right organisation, had been put on trial for plotting to overthrow the government. This organisation, and others like it, had b ...

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2002 Soweto bombings, 2002 Soweto bombings - Background, 2002 Soweto bombings - The bombs, 2002 Soweto bombings - Investigation and trial, 2002 Soweto bombings - Motivation, 2002 Soweto bombings - Aftermath

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Two of the explosions targeted the railway lines at Lenasia, which connects Soweto to Johannesburg, causing chaos with public transport networks. Another bomb ripped apart the walls of a mosque, and a third explosion killed a woman in a residential area, Claudia Mokone, severely injuring her husband. A petrol station was also targeted in one of the attacks. Two other people were injured in other attacks. A device placed next to a Buddhist temple was prevented from causing fatalities when it was kicked out of the way by someone at the scene befo ...

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2002 Soweto bombings, 2002 Soweto bombings - Background, 2002 Soweto bombings - The bombs, 2002 Soweto bombings - Investigation and trial, 2002 Soweto bombings - Motivation, 2002 Soweto bombings - Aftermath

Read more here: » 2002 Soweto bombings: Encyclopedia II - 2002 Soweto bombings - The bombs

The terrorists were said to be motivated by a sense of alienation and frustration with their situation in South Africa, as well as religious beliefs similar to Christian Identity, which asserted their God-given right to rule the nation. They subsequently issued further threats, asserting that there would be further "surprises" in store. One of the group's aims was to assassinate Nelson Mandela and [14] possibly restore apartheid to South Africa, (although some have suggested that their aim was to start a race war and "kick the blacks out of the country", while others have asserted that the ...

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2002 Soweto bombings, 2002 Soweto bombings - Background, 2002 Soweto bombings - The bombs, 2002 Soweto bombings - Investigation and trial, 2002 Soweto bombings - Motivation, 2002 Soweto bombings - Aftermath

Read more here: » 2002 Soweto bombings: Encyclopedia II - 2002 Soweto bombings - Motivation

Probably the most controversial answer to the question "who is Black?" is "whoever looks Black." This is because, although most who use the label rationalize it in terms of physical appearance, there is little objective consistency in this regard. That different cultures can assign the same individual to opposite "races" may be hard to grasp. And yet North Americans, Haitians, Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, Barbadians, Jamaicans, and Trinidadians all have different subconscious and automatic perceptions of j ...

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Black people, Black people - The Concept of Blackness Created Through Colonialism, Black people - Usage differs among former European colonies, Black people - Former Iberian colonies do not use the label to denote groups, Black people - Former British colonies apply the label to anyone darker than Europeans, Black people - U.S. society equates the label with African-American ethnicity, Black people - Who is Black?, Black people - Who is a descendant of the African Diaspora?, Black people - Who self-identifies as Black in an ethno-political but not ancestral sense?, Black people - Who looks Black?², Black people - Footnotes, Black people - Groups

Read more here: » Black people: Encyclopedia II - Black people - Who looks Black?²

The term "San" was historically applied to Bushmen by their ethnic relatives and historic rivals, the Khoikhoi. This term means outsider in the Khoikhoi language and was derogatory; anthropologist Henry Harpending states that "in the Kalahari, 'San' has all the baggage that the 'N-word' has in America." [1]. For this reason, some of this group still prefer to be called Bushmen. Opinions, however, vary on whether the term "Bushmen" is appropriate – given that the term is sometimes viewed as pejorative.^{See also:}

Bushmen, Bushmen - San, Bushmen - Relocation and government persecution, Bushmen - In the media

Read more here: » Bushmen: Encyclopedia II - Bushmen - San

Afrikaans is a very centralised language, meaning that most of the vowels are pronounced in a very centralised (i.e. very schwa-like) way. There are a lot of different dialects and different pronunciations — but the transcription should be fairly standard. Hallo! Hoe gaan dit? [ɦaləu ɦu xaˑn dət] Hello! How are you? Baie goed, dankie. [bajə xuˑt danki] Very good, thanks. Praat jy ...

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Afrikaans, Afrikaans - History, Afrikaans - Grammar, Afrikaans - Orthography, Afrikaans - Comparison with Dutch German and English, Afrikaans - Sociolinguistics, Afrikaans - Afrikaans phrases, Afrikaans - Additional information, Afrikaans - Reference

Read more here: » Afrikaans: Encyclopedia II - Afrikaans - Afrikaans phrases

History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background. For a discussion of the period of history leading up to apartheid, see History of South Africa. The first recorded use of the word "apartheid" (International Phonetic Alphabet [əˈpɑː(r)teɪt] or [-taɪt] in English and [aˈpartheid] in Afrikaans) was in 1917 during ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in South Africa from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced Removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black White Indian and coloured, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the Pan African Congress, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Black Consciousness Movement and the Soweto riots, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid

History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the Pan African Congress. These developments pushed the hitherto relatively conservative ANC into action. In 1949, they developed an agenda that for the first time advocated open resistance in the form of strikes, acts of public disobedience, and protest marches. These continued throughout the 1950s and resulted in occasional violent clashes. In June 1955, at a congress held near Kliptown, near Johannesburg, a number of organizations, including the Indian ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in South Africa from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced Removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black White Indian and coloured, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the Pan African Congress, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Black Consciousness Movement and the Soweto riots, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance

Afrikaans is the first language of approximately 60% of South Africa's Whites, and over 90% of the "Coloured" (mixed-race) population. Large numbers of blacks, Asians, and English-speaking whites also speak it as a second language. It is also widely spoken in Namibia, where it has had constitutional recognition as a national, not official, language since independence in 1990. Prior to independence, Afrikaans, along with German, had equal status as an official language. There is a much smaller number of Afrikaans speakers among Zimbabwe's whit ...

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Afrikaans, Afrikaans - History, Afrikaans - Grammar, Afrikaans - Orthography, Afrikaans - Comparison with Dutch German and English, Afrikaans - Sociolinguistics, Afrikaans - Afrikaans phrases, Afrikaans - Additional information, Afrikaans - Reference

Read more here: » Afrikaans: Encyclopedia II - Afrikaans - Sociolinguistics

Three main team sports are played in the city: rugby, cricket and football. Cape Town boasts two soccer teams in the Premier League, Santos (based in Athlone) and Ajax Cape Town (based in Parow). The Cape Town suburb of Newlands is the home of the Western Province rugby team, one of the powerhouses in South African rugby. The current team captain is Schalk Burger. Newlands is also the base for the Stormers team, which plays in the Super 14. The Cape Cobras cricket team is based at the Newlands Cricket Ground. It is the amalgamation of ...

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Cape Town, Cape Town - History, Cape Town - Government, Cape Town - Demographics, Cape Town - Tourism, Cape Town - Sports teams and stadiums, Cape Town - Transport, Cape Town - Further education in Cape Town

Read more here: » Cape Town: Encyclopedia II - Cape Town - Sports teams and stadiums

The founders of this community were the first to bring Islam to South Africa. The community's culture and traditions have also left an impact that is felt to this day. Adaptations of traditional foods such as bredie, bobotie, sosaties and koeksisters are staples in many South African homes. The Muslim community in Cape Town remains large and vibrant to this day, now much expanded beyond those exiles who sta ...

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Cape Malays, Cape Malays - Terminology, Cape Malays - Culture, Cape Malays - Population and location

Read more here: » Cape Malays: Encyclopedia II - Cape Malays - Culture

As of the census of 2001, there are 2,893,251 people and 759,767 households residing in the city. The population density is 1,158/km². The household density is 304/km². The racial makeup of the city is 31.68% Black African, 48.13% Coloured, 1.43% Indian/Asian, and 18.75% White. 16.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.81. In the city the population is spread out with 26.6% under the age of 15, 20.0% from 15 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 5.0% who are 65 years of ...

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Cape Town, Cape Town - History, Cape Town - Government, Cape Town - Demographics, Cape Town - Tourism, Cape Town - Sports teams and stadiums, Cape Town - Transport, Cape Town - Further education in Cape Town

Read more here: » Cape Town: Encyclopedia II - Cape Town - Demographics

Cape Town is a popular tourist destination, offering the visitor a wide variety of activities such as water sports (including diving, surfing and sailing), angling, wine tasting, shopping, scenic drives, mountaineering, hiking, kite-flying, hang-gliding and parasailing, and bird- and whale-watching. Cruises around the Cape of Good Hope are also popular among tourists. The most popular time for visitors is the summer from October to March, though some visitors from more temperate climates might find the height of summer (December and J ...

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Cape Town, Cape Town - History, Cape Town - Government, Cape Town - Demographics, Cape Town - Tourism, Cape Town - Sports teams and stadiums, Cape Town - Transport, Cape Town - Further education in Cape Town

Read more here: » Cape Town: Encyclopedia II - Cape Town - Tourism

The National Party government implemented, alongside apartheid, a program of social conservatism. Certain edgy movies, gambling and other vices were totally banned. At the same time, it instituted the International Freedom Foundation, which funded such movies as Jack Abramoff's Red Scorpion. Printed or filmed pornography (of even the mildest variety) was banned and possession of such was punishable by incarceration. Television was not introduced until 1976 because it was viewed as immoral by the authorities. Even after the in ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Colour classification, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Internal resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the PAC, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black Consciousness Movement, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism

The different suburbs of Johannesburg are generally categorised by compass direction, as different areas of the city have greatly different personalities. Since Johannesburg is such a large city, there is great variety in the suburbs that comprise it. While the Central Business District and the surrounding areas were formerly highly desired wealthy areas, they have lost their former reputation after migrants took over abandoned buildings, and the crime level rose accordingly. The suburbs to the south of the city are mainly lower-class residential suburbs alon ...

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Johannesburg, Johannesburg - History, Johannesburg - Government, Johannesburg - Crime, Johannesburg - Geography and climate, Johannesburg - Demographics, Johannesburg - Economy, Johannesburg - Communications and media, Johannesburg - Suburbs, Johannesburg - Tourism, Johannesburg - Sports teams and stadiums, Johannesburg - Transport, Johannesburg - Universities in Johannesburg

Read more here: » Johannesburg: Encyclopedia II - Johannesburg - Suburbs

The Republic of South Africa is a constitutional democracy with a three-tiered system of government and an independent judiciary, operating under a parliamentary system. However, unlike republics with Westminster-style parliamentary systems, the President is both Head of State and Head of Government. The minimum age for voting in South Africa is 18. In the first post-apartheid elections, permanent residents as well as citizens were allowed to vote. In all subsequent elections, only citizens have been granted this privileg ...

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South Africa, South Africa - Languages, South Africa - History, South Africa - Pre-history, South Africa - Dutch settlement, South Africa - British annexation, South Africa - Boer wars, South Africa - Union of South Africa, South Africa - Apartheid era, South Africa - Transfer of power, South Africa - Current issues, South Africa - Government, South Africa - Politics, South Africa - Provinces, South Africa - Geography, South Africa - Flora and fauna, South Africa - Economy, South Africa - Agriculture, South Africa - Demographics, South Africa - Culture, South Africa - Crime, South Africa - Military, South Africa - Media, South Africa - International rankings

Read more here: » South Africa: Encyclopedia II - South Africa - Government