The apple is a tree and its pomaceous fruit, of species Malus domestica in the family Rosaceae, and is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. It is a small deciduous tree reaching 5-12 m tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple oval with an acute tip and serrated margin, slightly downy below, 5-12 cm long and 3-6 cm broad on a 2-5 cm petiole. The flowers are produced in spring with the leaves, white, usually tinged pink at first, 2.5-3.5 cm diameter, with five petals. T ...

Including:

• Apple - Botanical origins
• Apple - Apple cultivars
• Apple - Growing apples
• Apple - Apple breeding
• Apple - Starting an orchard
• Apple - Location
• Apple - Pollination
• Apple - Thinning
• Apple - Pests and diseases
• Apple - Harvest
• Apple - Commerce and uses
• Apple - Health benefits
• Apple - Cultural aspects

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia - Apple

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue (invasion) or by implantation into distant sites (metastasis). This unregulated growth is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that control cell division. Several mutations may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations are often caused by chemicals or physical agents called carcinogens, the best known being tobacco smoke. Some mutations occur spontaneously, or ...

Including:

• Cancer - Terminology
• Cancer - History
• Cancer - Classification and nomenclature
• Cancer - Adult cancers
• Cancer - Childhood cancers
• Cancer - Causes and pathophysiology
• Cancer - Origins of cancer
• Cancer - Molecular biology
• Cancer - Morphology
• Cancer - Heredity
• Cancer - Environment and diet
• Cancer - Epidemiology
• Cancer - Prevention
• Cancer - Diet and cancer
• Cancer - Other chemoprevention agents
• Cancer - Genetic testing
• Cancer - Diagnosing cancer
• Cancer - Signs and symptoms
• Cancer - Biopsy
• Cancer - Screening
• Cancer - Treatment of cancer
• Cancer - Surgery
• Cancer - Chemotherapy
• Cancer - Immunotherapy
• Cancer - Radiation therapy
• Cancer - Hormonal suppression
• Cancer - Symptom control
• Cancer - Treatment trials
• Cancer - Complementary and alternative medicine
• Cancer - Cancer vaccines
• Cancer - Coping with cancer
• Cancer - Social impact
• Cancer - Cancer research

Read more here: » Cancer: Encyclopedia - Cancer

Adenocarcinoma is a form of carcinoma that originates in glandular tissue. To be classified as adenocarcinoma, the cells don't necessarily need to be part of a gland, as long as they have secretory properties. It can first present as an adenoma (a glandular tumor that is benign.) It is frequently associated with cancers such as: colon cancer lung cancer prostate cancer stomach cancer pancreatic canc ...

Including:

• Adenocarcinoma - Famous patients

Read more here: » Adenocarcinoma: Encyclopedia - Adenocarcinoma

Agent Orange is the code name for a powerful herbicide and defoliant used by the U.S. military in its Herbicidal Warfare program during the Vietnam War. Agent Orange was used from 1961 to 1971, and was by far the most used of the so-called "rainbow herbicides" used during the program. Agent Orange (as well as Agents Purple, White, Pink and Green) contained dioxins which have caused serious harm to the health of exposed Vietnamese, Australians, New Zealanders, Canadians and Americans, as well as their children and grandchildren. Dioxin ...

Including:

• Agent Orange - Description
• Agent Orange - Use in Vietnam
• Agent Orange - Miscellaneous
• Agent Orange - Cultural references

Read more here: » Agent Orange: Encyclopedia - Agent Orange

Adrian Rogers,Th.D (September 12, 1931 – November 15, 2005), was an American pastor, author, and a three term president of the Southern Baptist Convention. Supporters have described him as the apostle Paul of Southern Baptists. Rogers was born in West Palm Beach, Florida and decided to go into Christian ministry at the age of nineteen. Rogers was ordained by Northwood Baptist Church in West Palm Beach. In 1972, Rogers became the senior pastor of Bellevue Baptist Church in Memphis, Tennessee, where he remained until March, 2005. During this period, the church's membership grew from 9,000 to 27,000, a ...

Including:

• Adrian Rogers - Southern Baptist Convention Presidency
• Adrian Rogers - Theology
• Adrian Rogers - On Politics and Social Issues
• Adrian Rogers - Selected works
• Adrian Rogers - Sources
• Adrian Rogers - Footnotes

Read more here: » Adrian Rogers: Encyclopedia - Adrian Rogers

Dr. Alberto Magno Romero Rivera was an anti-Catholic religious activist who was the source of many of fundamentalist Christian author Jack Chick's stories about the Vatican. Romero was born in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain in 1935 and died of colon cancer in 1997. Chick promised to promote Alberto's claims even after he died and claims that the Jesuits murdered him. Rivera claims to have been a Jesuit before becoming a Fundamentalist Protestant, a ...

Including:

• Alberto Rivera - Biography
• Alberto Rivera - Presence in Chick Tracts

Read more here: » Alberto Rivera: Encyclopedia - Alberto Rivera

Colonoscopy is the minimally invasive endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It may provide a visual diagnosis (e.g. ulceration, polyps) and grants the opportunity for biopsy of suspected lesions. Virtual colonoscopy, which uses 3D imagery reconstructed from computed tomography (CAT) scans, is also possible, as a totally non-invasive medical test, although it is not standard and still under investigation. Colonoscopy is simi ...

Including:

• Colonoscopy - Uses
• Colonoscopy - Procedure
• Colonoscopy - Preparation
• Colonoscopy - The investigation
• Colonoscopy - Risks

Read more here: » Colonoscopy: Encyclopedia - Colonoscopy

DNA repair is a process constantly operating in cells; it is essential to survival because it protects the genome from damage and harmful mutations. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors (such as UV rays) can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 500,000 individual molecular lesions per cell per day. These lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule, and can dramatically alter the cell's way of reading the information encoded in its genes. Consequently, the DNA repair process must be constantly operating, to ...

Including:

• DNA repair - DNA damage
• DNA repair - Nuclear versus mitochondrial DNA damage
• DNA repair - Sources of damage
• DNA repair - Types of damage
• DNA repair - DNA repair mechanisms
• DNA repair - Single strand damage
• DNA repair - Double strand breaks
• DNA repair - DNA repair in disease and aging
• DNA repair - Poor DNA repair induces pathology
• DNA repair - DNA repair rate is variable
• DNA repair - Hereditary DNA repair disorders
• DNA repair - Chronic DNA repair disorders
• DNA repair - Longevity genes and DNA repair
• DNA repair - Caloric restriction increases DNA repair
• DNA repair - DNA repair and evolution
• DNA repair - DNA repair mechanisms are ancient
• DNA repair - Disease death and evolution
• DNA repair - Medicine & DNA repair modulation
• DNA repair - Cancer treatment
• DNA repair - Gene therapy
• DNA repair - Gene repair

Read more here: » DNA repair: Encyclopedia - DNA repair

Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. Vitamin E is often used in skin creams and lotions because it is believed to play a role in encouraging skin healing and reducing scarring after injuries such as burns. Natural vitamin E exists in eight different forms or isomers, four tocopherols and tocotrienols. All isomers have a chromanol ring, with a hydroxyl group which can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain which allows for ...

Including:

• Tocopherol - Forms of vitamin E
• Tocopherol - Factors in vitamin E deficiency
• Tocopherol - Current issues and controversies about vitamin E
• Tocopherol - Vitamin E and heart disease
• Tocopherol - Vitamin E and cancer
• Tocopherol - Vitamin E and cataracts
• Tocopherol - Vitamin E and Alzheimer's disease
• Tocopherol - Vitamin E and Parkinson's disease
• Tocopherol - Health risks of too much vitamin E

Read more here: » Tocopherol: Encyclopedia - Tocopherol

Moshe Dayan ▶ (help·info) (Hebrew: משה דיין) (May 20, 1915 – October 16, 1981), was an Israeli military leader and politician. He was the fourth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (1953-1958). In Hebrew, his name translates as "Moses [the] Judge". He became a fighting symbol to the world of the new State of Israel with his famous eyepatch. Moshe Dayan - Early life. Moshe Dayan was born in a kibbutz ("collec ...

Including:

• Moshe Dayan - Early life
• Moshe Dayan - World War II
• Moshe Dayan - Military commander
• Moshe Dayan - Politician
• Moshe Dayan - Six Day War 1967
• Moshe Dayan - Yom Kippur War 1973
• Moshe Dayan - Serves as Foreign Minister in the Likud Government
• Moshe Dayan - Death
• Moshe Dayan - His legacy

Read more here: » Moshe Dayan: Encyclopedia - Moshe Dayan

Endometrial cancer involves cancerous growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). It mainly occurs after menopause, and presents with vaginal bleeding. A hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) is generally performed. It is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, with over 35,000 women being diagnosed each year in the U.S. Because of effective screening, it is only the third most common cause of gyneco ...

Including:

• Endometrial cancer - Epidemiology
• Endometrial cancer - Risk Factors
• Endometrial cancer - Symptoms
• Endometrial cancer - Diagnosis
• Endometrial cancer - Pathology
• Endometrial cancer - Evaluation
• Endometrial cancer - Stages of endometrial cancer
• Endometrial cancer - Treatment
• Endometrial cancer - Support Groups
• Endometrial cancer - Expectations
• Endometrial cancer - Survival rates
• Endometrial cancer - Complications

Read more here: » Endometrial cancer: Encyclopedia - Endometrial cancer

Charles Monroe Schulz (November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000) was a 20th-century American cartoonist best known worldwide for his Peanuts comic strip. Charles M. Schulz - Life and career. Schulz was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Dena and Carl Schulz. His nickname, "Sparky", was given by his uncle, after the horse Spark Plug in the Barney Google comic strip. He attended St. Paul's Richard Gordon Elementary School, where he skipped two half-grades. As a result, he was the youngest i ...

Including:

• Charles M. Schulz - Life and career
• Charles M. Schulz - Influences

Read more here: » Charles M. Schulz: Encyclopedia - Charles M. Schulz

There are two principal types of dietary fiber: soluble and insoluble. Insoluble fiber is simply bulk that changes little as it passes through the body. Soluble fiber, on the other hand, forms a soft gel in solution with water. Most foods provide a mixture of both, but are listed as mostly one or the other. Soluble fiber has been shown to be able to bind bile salts which may reduce blood cholesterol levels. It also may slow the absorption of glucose from the intestine, the ...

See also:

Dietary fiber, Dietary fiber - Uses, Dietary fiber - Harmful effects, Dietary fiber - Guidelines on fiber intake, Dietary fiber - Sources of fiber, Dietary fiber - Fiber supplements, Dietary fiber - Psyllium husk, Dietary fiber - Methylcellulose, Dietary fiber - Polycarbophil, Dietary fiber - Vegetable gums

Read more here: » Dietary fiber: Encyclopedia II - Dietary fiber - Uses

Folic acid - Dietary fortification of folic acid. Since the discovery of the link between insufficient folic acid and neural tube defects (NTDs), governments and health organisations worldwide have made recommendations concerning folic acid supplementation for women intending to become pregnant. For example, the United States Public Health Service (see External links) recommends an extra 0.4 mg/day, which can be taken as a pill. However, many researchers believe that supplementation in this way can never work effectively enough s ...

See also:

Folic acid, Folic acid - History, Folic acid - Biological roles, Folic acid - Biochemistry, Folic acid - Recommended Dietary Allowance for folate, Folic acid - Folate in foods, Folic acid - Folate deficiency, Folic acid - Folic acid and pregnancy, Folic acid - Folic acid supplements and masking of B₁₂ deficiency, Folic acid - What is the health risk of too much folic acid?, Folic acid - What are some current issues and controversies about folate?, Folic acid - Dietary fortification of folic acid, Folic acid - Folic acid and heart disease, Folic acid - Folic acid and cancer, Folic acid - Folic acid and depression, Folic acid - Folic acid and methotrexate for cancer, Folic acid - Folic acid and methotrexate for non-cancerous diseases, Folic acid - Bibliography

Read more here: » Folic acid: Encyclopedia II - Folic acid - What are some current issues and controversies about folate?

Bacteria in the gut fulfil a host of important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise undigestible food (Wynne et al., 2004); stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; and defending against some diseases (Guarner and Malagelada, 2003b; Keeley, 2004; Sears, 2005). Gut flora - Carbohydrate ...

See also:

Gut flora, Gut flora - Localization, Gut flora - Types, Gut flora - Roles, Gut flora - Carbohydrate fermentation and absorption, Gut flora - Trophic effects, Gut flora - Repression of pathogenic bacterial growth, Gut flora - Immunity, Gut flora - Preventing allergy, Gut flora - Preventing Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Gut flora - Effects of antibiotics, Gut flora - Probiotics, Gut flora - Role in disease, Gut flora - Cancer, Gut flora - Translocation, Gut flora - Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Gut flora - Colitis

Read more here: » Gut flora: Encyclopedia II - Gut flora - Roles

In 1969, Feinstein won a position on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. She held this position for nine years, becoming the first female president of the Board. During her tenure, she unsuccessfully ran for mayor of San Francisco twice (in 1971 against mayor Joseph Alioto and in a 1975 contest for a runoff slot against George Moscone, losing by a single percentage point to supervisor John Barbagelata). In November 1978, San Francisco mayor George Moscone and supervisor Harvey Milk were assassinated by a rival politician, Dan Whit ...

See also:

Dianne Feinstein, Dianne Feinstein - Early life and career, Dianne Feinstein - Political career, Dianne Feinstein - U.S. Senate career

Read more here: » Dianne Feinstein: Encyclopedia II - Dianne Feinstein - Political career

In 1987, Strawberry almost became the first man in baseball history to surpass 40 home runs and 40 stolen bases in one year, when he hit 39 home runs and stole 37 bases. In addition to that, he hit 32 doubles and drove in 104 runs. Despite this, the Mets failed to reach the playoffs. In 1988, Strawberry once again hit 39 home runs and drove in 101 runs. The Mets reached the playoffs, losing to th ...

See also:

Darryl Strawberry, Darryl Strawberry - Background and Early Career, Darryl Strawberry - The Prime Years, Darryl Strawberry - His Later Years, Darryl Strawberry - Legal and Personal Problems, Darryl Strawberry - Additional Details

Read more here: » Darryl Strawberry: Encyclopedia II - Darryl Strawberry - The Prime Years

In 1964, Wilson narrowly won the general election with a majority of four and became Prime Minister. This was not sufficient to last for a full term and, after a short period of competent government, in March 1966 he won re-election with a landslide majority of 96. He was soon a familiar figure, known for his pipe-smoking (he especially liked Tobacco grown in Rhodesia), his Gannex raincoat, and his habit of taking holidays in the Isles of Scilly. On 1 June 2005 files were released showing that Wilson was concerned that, while on the Isles of Scilly, he was being monitored by Russian ships disguised as trawlers. MI5 found no evidence o ...

See also:

Harold Wilson, Harold Wilson - Birth and Early Life, Harold Wilson - In Parliament, Harold Wilson - Opposition, Harold Wilson - Prime Minister, Harold Wilson - Resignation, Harold Wilson - Death, Harold Wilson - MI5 plot?, Harold Wilson - Other conspiracy theories, Harold Wilson - Harold Wilson's First Cabinet 1964-1970, Harold Wilson - Harold Wilson's Second Government March 1974 - April 1976, Harold Wilson - Changes, Harold Wilson - Titles from birth to death

Read more here: » Harold Wilson: Encyclopedia II - Harold Wilson - Prime Minister

Soybeans can be broadly classified as "vegetable" (garden) or field (oil) types. Vegetable types cook more easily, have a mild nutty flavor, better texture, are larger in size, higher in protein, and lower in oil than field types. Tofu and soymilk producers prefer the higher protein cultivars bred from vegetable soybeans originally brought to the United States in the late 1930s. The "garden" cultivars are generally not suitable for mechanical combine harvesting because they have a tendency for the pods ...

See also:

Soybean, Soybean - Physical characteristics, Soybean - Cultivation, Soybean - Uses, Soybean - Oil, Soybean - Meal, Soybean - Flour, Soybean - Infant formula, Soybean - Substitute for existing products, Soybean - Other products, Soybean - Genetic modification, Soybean - Nutrition, Soybean - Protein, Soybean - Vitamins and Minerals, Soybean - Health, Soybean - Isoflavones, Soybean - Reduce cholesterol, Soybean - Cancer

Read more here: » Soybean: Encyclopedia II - Soybean - Uses

The comic strip was a continuation of Bull Tales, which appeared in the Yale University student newspaper the Yale Daily News beginning September 1968. It focused on local campus events at Yale. The executive editor of the paper in the late 1960s, Reed Hundt, who later served as the chairman of the FCC, noted that the Daily News had a flexible policy about publishing cartoons: ...

See also:

Doonesbury, Doonesbury - History, Doonesbury - Musical plot summary, Doonesbury - After the hiatus, Doonesbury - Characteristic style, Doonesbury - Major characters, Doonesbury - Other characters, Doonesbury - Milestones, Doonesbury - Criticism, Doonesbury - Trivia, Doonesbury - Published collections, Doonesbury - Notes

Read more here: » Doonesbury: Encyclopedia II - Doonesbury - History

Infection of a diverticulum can result in diverticulitis. This occurs in 10-25% of persons with diverticulosis (NIDDK website). Tears in the colon leading to bleeding or perforations may occur, intestinal obstruction may occur (constipation or diarrhea does not rule this possibility out), peritonitis, abscess formation, retroperitoneal fibrosis, sepsis, and fistula formation. Infection of a diverticulum often occurs as ...

See also:

Diverticulosis, Diverticulosis - Epidemiology, Diverticulosis - Causes, Diverticulosis - Symptoms, Diverticulosis - Testing, Diverticulosis - Complications, Diverticulosis - Treatment

Read more here: » Diverticulosis: Encyclopedia II - Diverticulosis - Complications

The diverse transmission routes of HIV are well-known and established. Also well-known is how to prevent transmission of HIV. However, recent epidemiological and behavioral studies in Europe and North America have suggested that a substantial minority of young people continue to engage in high-risk practices and that despite HIV/AIDS knowledge, young people underestimate their own risk of becoming infected with HIV.[45] However, transmission of HIV between intravenous drug users has clearly decreased, and HIV transmission by blood transfusion has become ...

See also:

AIDS, AIDS - Infection by HIV, AIDS - Diagnosis, AIDS - AIDS and HIV case definitions, AIDS - HIV test, AIDS - Symptoms, AIDS - The major pulmonary illnesses, AIDS - The major gastro-intestinal illnesses, AIDS - The major neurological illnesses, AIDS - HIV-associated malignancies, AIDS - Transmission, AIDS - Prevention, AIDS - Prevention of sexual transmission of HIV, AIDS - Prevention of blood or blood product route of HIV transmission, AIDS - Mother to child transmission, AIDS - Treatment, AIDS - Alternative medicine, AIDS - Epidemiology, AIDS - Origin of HIV/AIDS, AIDS - Alternative theories, AIDS - AIDS News

Read more here: » AIDS: Encyclopedia II - AIDS - Prevention